Molecules

Amino Acids

Alanine non-essential amino acid.

Arginine is an amino acid with several important functions.

Cysteine is a sulfur containing, non-essential amino acid.

Glycine converts potential toxic substances

Histidine is a non-essential amino acid

Isoleucine is a hydrophobic, nonpolar, essential amino acid.

Leucine is an essential amino acid.

Lysine is one of the 8 essential amino acids; calcium absorption.

Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid; biosynthesis of neurotransmitters.

Valine is is a hydrophobic branched amino acid.

Sugars

Fructose is the primary sugar found in fruits.

Glucose is the most common monosaccharide.

Lactose is the only simple sugar that is produced by animals 

Maltose is made from two glucose units and used in alcohol production.

Sucrose is mainly used as sweetener in foods and soft drinks.

Pharmaceuticals

Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in Tylenol.

Acetyl salicylic acid  (Aspirin) is an over-the-counter analgesic.

Aspartame (Nutrasweet)  is a common artificial sweetener. 

Caffeine is stimulant found in drinks and used in pharmaceuticals.

Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that enhances alertness

Codeine is the most widely used, naturally occurring narcotic in medical treatment.

Cortisone injections can be used to treat inflammation of the body.

Erythromycin is an antibiotic that is used for several purposes.

Fluoxetine, known as Prozac, is a SSRI-type antidepressant. 

Ibuprofen is a drug used to assist in reducing inflammatory response.

Nicotine is a liquid alkaloid, found in tobacco leaves

Penicillin  is an antiobiotic

Saccharin is one of the oldest artificial sweeteners in use today.

Tetracycline is a common antibiotic.

Valium  (Diazepam) is a benzodiazepine tranquilizers.

Hormones

Abscisic acid is a naturally occurring hormone in plants.

Adrenaline is a hormone synthesized in the adrenal medulla.

Estradiol is a sex hormone.

Melatonin is a hormone released according to the body's circadian rythm.

Progesterone is the pregnancy hormone secreted by the ovaries.

Testosterone is a hormone essential to both males and females.

Nucleic Acids

Adenine is one of the two purine bases used in forming nucleotides DNA and RNA.

Adenosine is a purine nucleoside.

Guanine is a purine base found in nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.

Thymine is a pyrimidine bases used in forming nucleotides of DNA and RNA. 

Vitamins

Vitamin B1 is essential for the proper growth of mammals.

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble nutritional supplement.

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that is used in many biochemical pathways 

Vitamin D2 promotes healthy bones and teeth and is found in fortified milk.

Vitamin D3 is an important biological regulators of calcium metabolism.

Vitamin E can be used to prevent and treat arteriosclerosis.

Vitamin K1  (Phylloquinone)is often called vitamin K.

Miscellaneous Molecules in Plants and Animals

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter.

Chlorophyll is the molecule that absorbs sunlight and is responsible 

Cholesterol is a steroid important to animal cell structure 

Citric acid is a component of many types of fruits.

Collagen composes twenty five percent of all protein in the human body.

Limonene is one of the components in the fragrance of Lemons.

Pepsin is an acidic protease that acts within the digestive system.

Vanillin is the chief component giving vanilla its taste.