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Mallikarjuna Temple, Srisailam
Mallikarjuna Temple, Srisailam
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Sri Bhramarambika sametha Mallikarjuna swamy Devasthanam (romanised: Mallikārjunuḍu) or Srisailam Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deities Shiva and Parvati, located at Srisailam in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is significant to the Hindu sects of both Shaivism and Shaktism as this temple is referred to as one of the twelve Jyotirlingas of Shiva and as one of the eighteen Shakti pithas, centres of the Hindu goddess.[1] Shiva is worshiped as Mallikarjuna and is represented by the lingam. His consort Parvati is depicted as Bhramaramba.
Legend
When Shiva and Parvati decided to find suitable brides for their sons. Shiva got Buddhi (intellect) and Siddhi (spiritual power) married to Ganesha. Kartikeya on his return was enraged and went away to stay alone on Mount Krauncha in Palani in the name of Kumara brahmachari. On seeing his father coming over to pacify him, he tried to move to another place, but on the request of the Devas, stayed close by. The place where Shiva and Parvati stayed came to be known as Srisailam.[2]
According to Hindu legend, the presiding deity in the form of Linga (an iconic form of Shiva) was worshipped with jasmine (locally called in Telugu as Mallika), leading to the name Mallikarjuna.
HistoryThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2017)
There are inscriptional evidence from the Satavahana dynasty which place the temple to be existent from the 2nd century. Most modern additions were done during the time of king Harihara I of Vijayanagara Empire (14th and 15th centuries).[3] The veerasheromandapam and paathalaganga steps was constructed during the time of Reddi Kingdom (12th and 13th centuries). The reddi dynasty were committed devotees of Sri Bhramarambha Mallikarjuna Swamy.
Architecture
The temple complex covers two hectares and houses four gateway towers known as gopurams. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Mallikarjuna and Bhramaramba being the most prominent. The temple complex houses many halls; the most notable is the Mukha Mandapa built during the Vijayanagar period. The temple is situated facing east. The center mandapam has several pillars, with a huge idol of Nadikeshwara. The temple is enclosed by tall walls measuring 183 m (600 ft) by 152 m (499 ft) and 8.5 m (28 ft) tall. There are a number of sculptures in the precinct each rising above another. The Mukamandapa, the hall leading to the sanctum, has intricately sculpted pillars. The shrine where Mallikarjuna is housed is considered the oldest in the temple, dating back to the 7th century. There is a Sahasra linga (1000 linga), believed to have been commissioned by Rama and five other lingams believed to have been commissioned by Pandavas. A mirror hall in the first precinct has images of Nataraja.
Administration
The temple is maintained and administered by government of Andhra Pradesh.[3]
The nearest railway station are Markapur is 85 km, Nandyal and Kurnool are the places the distance is 180 km. The most convenient way is to take a bus or taxi from Hyderabad. Temple committee cottages and dharamshalas are available here. Some known sadan are Mallikaarjun Sadan, Ganga Sadan, Gawri Sadan, Yadava Sathram, Reddy Satram, Velama Satram, Shri Krishna Devaraya Kapu Satram and More. For the Satrams, Non-Ac Room have a range of 500–900 and AC rooms are available between 1000 and 1500.
Religious significance
Shiva in this temple is referred to as one of the twelve Jyotirlingas. Goddess Bramarambha's shrine is referred to as one of the fifty-two Shakti peethas. This temple is classified as one of the Paadal Petra Sthalam.
On the way to the main temple is located Shikhareshwaram temple. It is said that by having darshan in the temple one does not get rebirth.
Krishna River here is called Patal Ganga. One has to go down 852 stairs to reach the river. The Shiva Linga is bathed with the water of this river.
Jyotirlinga
As per Siva Mahapuranam, once Brahma (the Hindu God of creation) and Vishnu (the Hindu God of preservation) had an argument in terms of supremacy of creation.[4] To test them, Shiva pierced the three worlds as a huge endless pillar of light, the jyotirlinga. Vishnu and Brahma split their ways to downwards and upwards respectively to find the end of the light in either directions. Brahma lied that he found out the end, while Vishnu conceded his defeat. Shiva appeared as a second pillar of light and cursed Brahma that he would have no place in ceremonies while Vishnu would be worshipped till the end of eternity. The jyotirlinga is the supreme partless reality, out of which Shiva partly appears. The jyotirlinga shrines, thus are places where Shiva appeared as a fiery column of light.[5][6] Originally there were believed to be 64 jyotirlingas while 12 of them are considered to be very auspicious and holy.[4] Each of the twelve jyotirlinga sites take the name of the presiding deity – each considered different manifestation of Shiva.[7] At all these 12 sites, the primary image is lingam representing the beginningless and endless Stambha pillar, symbolizing the infinite nature of Shiva.[7][8][9] The twelve jyotirlinga are:
Mallikarjuna at Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh
Mahakaleswar at Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh
Kedarnath in Uttarakhand Bhimashankar in Maharashtra, Viswanath at Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, Triambakeshwar in Maharashtra, Vaidyanath at Deoghar district in Jharkhand, Nagnath at Aundha in Maharashtra, Rameshwar at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu and Grishneshwar at Aurangabad in Maharashtra
Shakti Pitha
Srisailam Sri Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple is one of the 18 Maha Shakti Pitha. Goddess Bhramari or Bhramaramba is the residing goddess.The legend of Daksha Yaga and Sati's self-immolation resulted in the emergence of Sri Parvati in the place of Sati Devi and making Shiva a householder. This mythology is the story behind the origin of Shakti Pithas. They are holy abodes of Adiparashakti formed due to the falling of Sati Devi's corpse when Shiva carried it and wandered. It is believed that Sati Devi's Upper lip has fallen here.
Connectivity
Srisailam Sri Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple is located around 180 kilometers from the Kurnool district headquarters, and 213 kilometers from Hyderabad. Pilgrims coming by train would need to alight at the railway station in either Markapur or Tarlupadu. These stations are between 2 and 2.5 hours by road. The Kacheguda-Guntur passenger passes through the Giddalur railway station that is 139 kilometers from the temple.[11]
Nearest Railway Station: Markapur
Nearest Airport: Kurnool
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About History: Source: https://www.srisailadevasthanam.org/en-in/about/the-temple-history/the-history
Srisailam has great ancient significance. With great significance since many eras, Srisailam where Sri Bhramarambika Devi-Mallikarjuna Swamy reside has been a worshipping place for mmillions of devotees over thousands of years. History is always told through books or through stories of various dynasties. If one looks at dynastic prevalence, one would find inscriptional evidence from South India's first dynasty, the Satavahanas at Srisailam. Satakarni who was the third of the Satavahana kings was also an ardent devotee of Sri Mallikarjuna Swamy and was popular for naming himself as Mallanna.
Satavahanas--->Ikshvaku dynasty--->Kadamba king Mayura Sharma(6th century C.E) addressed Srisailam as Sriparvatam--->Pulakeshi, Badami Chalukyas ruler--->Dantidurga(735-755 C.E)Rashtrakuta Emperor--->Kalyana Chalukyaraju(980-1058 C.E) Trayalokamalya Deva---> His grandson(1069 C.E) donated a village to Srisailam for Satrams and Dharamshala--->Hoysala dynasty--->KakatiyaPrataparudra--->Reddy Rulers(13th century)Prolaya Vema Reddy ruled over Srisailam, donated a village called Raamatheertham and helped uplift the development of Srisailam.His son=Anavema Reddy. Katyavema Reddy(1405 C.E). Pedakomati Vema Reddy--->In the 14th century C.E, Vijayanagara Dynasty(Viroopaksha, Saalupa Parvatayya, donated many villages to Srisailam. The wife to Hariharaya II, Vitalamba)--->Sri Krishnadevaraya considered Srisailam as separate Kingdom, appointed his loyal minister Chandrasekhara as Administrator of Srisailam--->Sri Chatrapathi Shivaji --->
There is a mention of Srisailam in ancient scriptures belonging to the 3rd century C.E. Satakarni in scriptures describing lands under his rule mentioned Srisailam as Chakora Shetagiri. Post the Satavahanas, the Ikshvaku dynasty ruled Andhra. Although these rulers no more exist to tell the tale, it is fair to say that they considered Srisailam as a holy destination. In the 6th century C.E, Kadamba king Mayura Sharma addressed Srisailam as Sriparvatam. A king called Bruhaddhana with the help of Kadamba's won over then rulers, the Pallava dynasty to conquer and rule over the land. They unified Sriparvatam along with the land they won over. In the dynasty of Badami Chalukyas, the ruler Pulakeshi constructed many temples and known to be the king of temples. He was known to be the first Kshatriya to have performed Shiva Deeksha.
During 735-755 C.E, Dantidurga, the ruler of the Rashtrakuta Empire ruled the lands in and around Sriparvatam. During 980-1058 C.E, Kalyana Chalukyaraju, Trayalokamalya Deva established a gopuram on Garbhalayam. His grandson during 1069 C.E donated a village to Srisailam for Satrams and Dharamshala. By the end of the 11th century, Srisailam has earned the reputation of Maha Shiva temple and a temple that is home to Vedas. Rulers of the Hoysala dynasty collected Crystal Shiva Lingams from Patalaganga near the Krishna River in Srisailam and constructed numerous temples using them. Maharashtrians since then have been calling Srisailam as Southern Kashi. Prataparudra who hails from the Kakatiya dynasty alongside his wife visited Srisailam, performed Tulabhaaraseva and earned the blessings of Sri Mallikarjuna Swamy and Bhramaramba. Reddy Rulers of the 13th century played an important role in developing Srisailam. The great devotee of Lord Shiva, Prolaya Vema Reddy ruled over Srisailam, donated a village called Raamatheertham and helped uplift the development of Srisailam. His son, Anavema Reddy laid steps for devotees who come from Telangana. He constructed a hall called Veerasiro Mandapam as an ancestral memory. It is said that great devotees during that time used to offer their body parts as their way of showing their devotion. In 1405 C.E Katyavema Reddy laid steps to Srisailam and Pedakomati Vema Reddy laid steps to Patalaganga. In the 14th century C.E, Vijayanagara Dynasty ruled Andhra Pradesh. Among its rulers, Viroopaksha, Saalupa Parvatayya, donated many villages to Srisailam. The wife to Hariharaya
II, Vitalamba laid steps that lead to Patalaganga. On the auspicious occasion of Shivaratri, Hariharaya II directed the construction of the main hall of the main temple.Above three are of history. Sri Krishnadevaraya considered Srisailam as separate Kingdom and appointed his loyal minister Chandrasekhara as Administrator of Srisailam. Chandrasekhara made Mandapas on the name of Sri Krishnadevaraya and his uncle Dhemarasu. History say that the gopuras in the southern, eastern and western sides of the temple were constructed by Sri Krishnadevaraya. The icon of Maharashtra, Sri Chatrapathi Shivaji who was a devotee of Sri Mallikarjuna Swamy and Bhramarambika Devi ordered the construction of Northern Gopuram. During the 18th and 19th centuries, in the temple of Sri Mallikarjuna Swamy and Bhramarambika Devi, many chenchus graced the temple grounds and were part of many rituals and prayers. It is believed by locals that long ago when Mallikarjuna Swamy was hunting in the forest, a local girl fell in love with the god and was later married to the god in presence of the locals. Ever since Mallikarjuna Swamy who resides in Srisaila Kshetram is considered as their son-in-law by the locals and hence called Chenchu Mallanna and Chenchu Mallayya.
When was Srisailam discovered? Srisailam is very ancient and no historical evidence is available about the origin of Srisailam. But by Hindu mythology, we can say that Srisailam is discovered before Satyayuga.
When was Srisailam discovered? Srisailam is very ancient and no historical evidence is available about the origin of Srisailam. But by Hindu mythology, we can say that Srisailam is discovered before Satyayuga.
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అగ్నికుల క్షత్రియ మత్స్యకార భవనాన్ని, అధికారికంగా... 16 కులాల మత్స్యకారులకు అంకితం చేయనున్నారు.
నిర్మాణానికి ముందయితే... వ్యతిరేకిస్తారన్న ముందు చూపుతో... నిర్మాణం పూర్తయిన తర్వాత... అధికారికంగా ప్రకటించనున్నారు.
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జగమెరిగిన బ్రాహ్మణునికి జంధ్య మెందుకు అన్నట్లు పెద్ద పెద్ద కోటలు నిర్మించిన రాజులకు కుటీరాలు ఎందుకు
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మన సమస్య కూడా ఇలాగే ఉంది. దక్షిణ భారత దేశాన్నే కాకుండా అఖండ భారత ద్వీప కల్పాన్ని అజేయంగా
900 సంవత్సరాలు పైగా పరిపాలించిన పల్లవులు అభివృద్ధి చేయని, కట్టించని గుళ్ళూ-గోపురాలు లేవు.
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విగ్రహారాధనను ప్రోత్సహించి హైందవ ధర్మాన్ని సంరక్షించిన పల్లవులు ఊరూ, వాడా ఎన్నో సత్రాలు, దేవాలయాలు నిర్మించారు. మొగలిరాజపురం, పటమటలో మన కళ్ళ ముందే అన్యాక్రాంతమైన అగ్నికులక్షత్రియ సత్రాలని దీనికి ఒక ఉదాహరణగా చెప్పవచ్చు.
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ఇక శ్రీశైలం విషయానికి వస్తే క్రీ.శ. (458-80) 5వ శతాబ్దములో పల్లవ చక్రవర్తి త్రిలోచనా పల్లవుడు శ్రీశైలము వద్ద అరణ్య
ప్రదేశములను చేదించి పలు నివాసయోగ్యములుగా మలచినట్లు పెక్కు అగ్రహారములు నిర్మించినట్లు చరిత్ర చెబుతుంది.
☞ శ్రీశైల చరిత్ర(1972) ☞ 4 వ పేజీ - కె.లక్ష్మీనారాయణ
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ఒకనాడు శ్రీశైలము గొప్ప నగరమని, ఇచట శిథిలముల, ప్రాచీన పట్టణముల, కోటగోడల, పవిత్రమైన ఆలయముల,
చెరువుల, బావుల జూచినపుడు ఇచటి ప్రాచీన పౌరులు మహోన్నత భాగ్యము ననుభవించిరని (పల్లవుల కాలంలో)
శ్రీనాథ కవి 15వ శతాబ్దములో తన కావ్యములలో పేర్కొన్నాడు.
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ఇక్కడ ఒక విషయాన్ని పరిశీలించండి త్రిలోచనా పల్లవుడు శ్రీశైలం దేవస్థానం చుట్టూ అనేక జనవాసాలను ఏర్పరచినట్లు
పెద్ద కోటనూ, చెరువులూ, బావులూ నిర్మించినట్లు తెలుస్తుంది. మరి అప్పుడు పల్లవులు కోటలో ఉండేవారా...పేటలో ఉండేవారా...
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కోటలో ఉండడానికి అవకాశం లేని వారంతా సత్రాలు ఏర్పరచుకొన్నారు. ఆనాడు పల్లవ రాజ వంశస్తులకి
సత్రాల అవసరం లేదు. బహుశా ఆవిషయాన్ని తర్వాత పెద్దగా ఆలోచించి ఉండరు అనిపిస్తుంది.
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అందుకనే శ్రీశైలం దేవస్థానం చుట్టూ అన్ని కులాలకీ సత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి. మనకు ఆనాడు వాటి అవసరం లేదు.
తర్వాతైనా పూలు అమ్మిన చోట కట్టెలు అమ్మలేము కదా అందుకనే మనం సత్రం నిర్మాణానికి పూనుకోలేదు.
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అన్నీ ఉన్న ఆకు అణిగిఉన్నట్లు ఏంతో చరిత్ర ఉన్న మనం సాధారణమైన జీవితాన్ని మత్స్యకారులు పేరున గడుపుతుంటే ఏమిలేని ఆకు ఎగిరి ఎగిరి పడినట్లు చరిత్ర లేని వారు చివరికి అంతర్వేది గుడిని కూడా ఆక్రమించుకోవడానికి తెగిస్తున్నారు.
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