Madras State

• Madras Presidency: established 1640.

• Bombay Presidency: EIC's  H.Q.s moved from Surat to Bombay (Mumbai) in 1687.

• Bengal Presidency: established 1690.

*Srikakulam District was carved out in 1950 by bifurcating it from Visakhapatnam District. 

The modern Ganjam carved out of the Vizag district of Madras Presidency and came into existence on 31.03.1936. Ganjam district separated from Madras Presidency and formed a part of the newly created state of Odisha with effect from 1.4.1936. The re-organized district comprises the whole of Ghumusar, Chatrapur and Baliguda divisions, part of old Berhampur taluk, part of old Ichhapur taluk, part of Parlakhemundi plains and the whole of Parlakhemundi agency area in the old Chicacola division. 

1992 Gajapati district formed from Ganjam district

The evolution of British control over India Governor General: EIC rule:: Viceroy: BritishRaj(1858-1947) rule

*Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972)=last Governor-General(21Jun1948-Jan1950) of India's Interim Government(2Sep1946-15Aug1947)

Indian Independence Act 18 July 1947, passed by the British Parliament

Ganjam District got separated from the Madras Presidency and formed the part of the newly created State of Odisha province with effect from 1.4.1936. 

*Mountbatten=last Viceroy of India(12Feb1947-15Aug1947)&1st GovernorGeneral of Independent India(15Aug1947-21Jun1948) 

Establishment of Madras state 26 January 1950 (including the Andhra State formed in 1953)

(Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_State ) The state came into existence on 26 January 1950 when the Constitution of India was adopted and included the present-day Tamil Nadu, Kerala and parts of neighbouring states of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Andhra state was separated in 1953 and the state was further re-organized when states were redrawn linguistically in 1956. On 14 January 1969, the state was renamed as Tamil Nadu.

After the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799 and the end of the Second Polygar war in 1801, the British Indians consolidated their power over much of the region and established the Madras State with Madras (Chennai) as the capital. 

Failure of the summer monsoons and administrative shortcomings of the Ryotwari system resulted in 2 severe famines in the Madras State, the Great Indian Famine of 1876–78 and the Indian famine of 1896–97 which killed millions and the migration to other British countries. 

Portions of the Kingdom of Mysore were annexed to the Madras Presidency after the 3rd Anglo-Mysore War ended in 1792. Next, in 1799, after the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War more of his territory was annexed to the Madras Presidency.[15] In 1801, Carnatic, which had been under the suzerainty of the EIC, began to be directly administered by it as a part of the Madras Presidency. 

After the defeat and death of Tipu Sultan in the 4th Anglo-Mysore War at Battle of Srirangapattana, the Mysooru (Mysore) territories (Map[2]) were divided up between the Wodeyars, the Nizam and the British East India Company. 

Pre-independence

Nawab of Carnatic Sadat-Ullah-Khan(1710-1732) founded independent state of Carnatic by making his office hereditary. He appointed his nephew Dost Ali Khan(1732-1740) as his successor without the permission of Nizam of Hyderabad.

Carnatic was the name given by the Europeans to the Coromandel coast and its hinterland. The First Carnatic War was an extension of the Anglo-French War in Europe which was caused by the Austrian War of Succession. Nizam ceded a large portion of the acquired territory to the British, to be added to the Madras Presidency. This area was also known as the Ceded Districts, 

3 Carnatic Wars=1st, 2nd,and 3rd Carnatic Wars1746-1748, 1749-1754,1757-1763,Carnatic Wars 3 phases

What was the formation of the Madras Presidency in 1801?

In 1801, the districts of.

1799                Tipu Sultan defeated in 4th Mysore War

1800ceded districts ceded.Bellary dist&Cuddapah dist were created out of the territory ceded by the Nizam.

1801 (a)(2nd Polygar war ended in 1801)Madras state established with Madras=Chennai as the capital

          (b)6 districts North Arcot district, South Arcot district, Nellore district, Trichinopoly district, Madura              district, Tinnevely district were created out of the territories of the erstwhile Carnatic kingdom.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ballari 

Bellary was ruled in succession by the Mauryas, Satavahanas, the Pallavas, the Kadambas, the Badami Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas, the Kalyani Chalukyas, the Southern Kalachuryas, the Sevuna Yadavas, and the Hoysalas.

The Bellary area was also ruled briefly by the Cholas during the wars between Kalyani Chalukyas and the Cholas (often involving Vengi Chalukyas)

 Kalyani Chalukya after its regal capital at Kalyani= today's Basavakalyan in the modern Bidar district. Alternatively the Later Chalukya from its theoretical relationship to the 6th-century Chalukya dynasty of Badami. The dynasty is called Western Chalukyas to differentiate from the contemporaneous Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, a separate dynasty.   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty 

  Eastern Chalukya capital: Pitapuram, Vengi, Rajahmundry                https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Chalukyas 

After the death of Pulakeshin II, the Eastern Chalukyas became an independent kingdom in the eastern Deccan. They ruled from Vengi until about the 11th century. The 11th century saw the patronage of Telugu literature under the Eastern Chalukyas. Subsequently, they became a sovereign power, and ruled the Vengi region of present-day Andhra Pradesh until c. 1001 CE. They continued ruling the region as feudatories of the Medieval Cholas until 1189 CE. 

The Chalukyas of Vengi branched off from the Chalukyas of Badami. The Badami ruler Pulakeshin II (610–642 CE) conquered the Vengi region in eastern Deccan, after defeating the remnants of the Vishnukundina dynasty. He appointed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana the governor of this newly acquired territory in 624 A.D.[7] Vishnuvardhana's viceroyalty subsequently developed into an independent kingdom, possibly after Pulakeshin died fighting the Pallavas in the Battle of Vatapi.[8] Thus the Chalukyas were originally of Kannada stock. 

The conquest of eastern Deccan by the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II, who appointed his brother, Kubja Vishnuvardhana, as viceroy. Vishnuvardhana later declared independence, founding the Eastern Chalukya dynasty. 

For over a century, the two empires of South India, the Western Chalukyas(Pulakesin 1 founded in 543AD) and the Chola dynasty of Thanjavur fought many fierce wars to control the fertile region of Vengi. During these conflicts, the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, distant cousins(Kubja Vishnuvardhana I "Vishama-Siddhi" whose Kannada name was Bittarasa(reigned 624–641 AD) was the brother of Chalukya Pulakeshin II. He founded Vengi Chaukyas who started out as governors of the Chalukyas of Badami in the Deccan region.) of the Western Chalukyas but related to the Cholas by marriage, took sides with the Cholas further complicating the situation. old Vatapi=modern Badami in Bagalkot district, Karnataka)

The Badami Chalukya dynasty went into a brief decline following the death of Pulakeshin II due to internal feuds when Badami was occupied by the Pallavas for a period of thirteen years.[71][72] It recovered during the reign of Vikramaditya I, who succeeded in pushing the Pallavas out of Badami and restoring order to the empire

The empire was its peak again during the rule of the illustrious Vikramaditya II (733–744) who is known not only for his repeated invasions of the territory of Tondaimandalam and his subsequent victories over Pallava Nandivarman II, but also for his benevolence towards the people and the monuments of Kanchipuram, the Pallava capital.[74][76][77] He thus avenged the earlier humiliation of the Chalukyas by the Pallavas and engraved a Kannada inscription on the victory pillar at the Kailasanatha Temple. 

Bellary District@Kalyana Karnataka  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ballari 

1796       Asaf Jah II ceded Bellary to the British as part of the Subsidiary Alliance. Ceded Districts were 'ceded' to the British East India Company by the Nizam in 1800.  Ceded districts= present day districts of Anantapuram, Kadapa (Cuddapah), much of Karnoolu (Kurnool), Bellary, and parts of Tumkur (Pavagada taluk).  Ceded Districts= Deccan area 'ceded' to the British EIC by the Nizam in 1800. Ceded districts continued to be in the British raj. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceded_Districts 

• After the defeat and death of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War at Battle of Srirangapattana, the Mysooru (Mysore) territories were divided up between the Wodeyars, the Nizam and the British EIC. 

1808    The Bellary district was formed as part of the Madras Presidency and was known as the Ceded Districts

1882    Anantapur District was formed formed from Ballari district

1953     Bellary district was transferred to the state of Mysore

2014     The city of Bellary was renamed Ballari. Ballari dist.has the highest deposits of iron ore in India 

2021     The Vijayanagara district was separated from the Ballari district. (Ballari district consists of Ballari, Kampli, Sandur, Siruguppa and Kurugodu taluks while Vijayanagara district consists of Hospet, Harappanahalli, Huvina Hadagali, Kottur, Hagaribommanahalli and Kudligi ,But new district Vijayanagara has 6 taluks but Bellary District has only 5 taluks when compared to new district Vijayanagara with 6 taluks)

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Post-independence

1947                 Madras Presidency became Madras province1947-1950

26Jan1950    Madras province became Madras State

1953                 Madras-Andhra split

1956                 Madras reorganized

14Jan1969     Madras State renamed T.N.    

After the Indian Independence in 1947, the erstwhile Madras presidency was integrated into the Union of India as Madras province.[16] The province became Madras state following the adoption of the Constitution of India on 26 January 1950.[17] The state was split in 1953 and further re-organized in 1956.[18][19] On 14 January 1969, Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu.

Madras state consisted of the present-day Tamil Nadu and Kerala, Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra of Andhra Pradesh and South Canara of Karnataka.  

South Canara was annexed by the British East India Company following the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Mysore War in 1799 and along with North Kanara formed the district of Kanara in the Madras Presidency. In 1859, Kanara was split into two districts, North and South. North Kanara was transferred to the Bombay Presidency, and South was retained by Madras. 

South Canara was a district of the Madras Presidency of British India. It comprised the towns of Kassergode, Udipi and adjacent villages, with the administration at Mangalore city. South Canara was one of the most heterogeneous areas of Madras Presidency, with Tulu, Malayalam, Kannada, Konkani, Marathi, Urdu, and Beary languages being spoken. It was succeeded by the Tulu-speaking areas of Dakshina Kannada district,[3] the Malayalam-speaking area of Kasaragod district[4] and the Amindivi islands sub-division of the Laccadives,[5] in the year 1956.[ 

Andhra state was split from the state in 1953 and the state was further re-organized in 1956 when Kerala was formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state (except Sengottai taluk) with the Malabar district and Kasaragod taluk of South Canara district. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin, Kanyakumari district, along with Taluk, was transferred to Madras State. 

The Ikshvaku dynasty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Ikshvaku) ruled in the eastern Krishna River valley of India, from their capital at Vijayapuri (modern Nagarjunakonda in Andhra Pradesh) for over a century during 3rd and 4th centuries CE. The Ikshvakus are also known as the Andhra Ikshvakus or the Ikshvakus of Vijayapuri to distinguish them from their legendary namesakes: the Ikshvakus of Kosala.   Established:Early 3rd century.  Conquest of Ikshvakus by Pallava Simhavarman and occupation of Vijayapuri by the Abhiras (early 4th century). 

The Ikshvaku kings were Shaivites and performed Vedic rites

The Bruhat Palayanas( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruhatpalayana )  were an ancient Indian dynasty based in the modern state of Andhra Pradesh. They ruled Northern Andhra with Pithunda, near Machilipatnam as the capital after the Ikshvakus around the third century.[1] Jaya Varma was the only known Bruhatpalayana ruler. A princess of his family was married to the Andhra Ikshvaku king. His Kingdom included Musala Taluk as far as Gudivada, Kolleru and northern parts of Guntur. He gave the village of Patur in Tenali Taluk to eight Brahmins. After his death the Ananda Gotrikas occupied his territory to the south of the Krishna river and the Salankayanas took his territory north of the river.[1]

The name of the dynasty is derived from the words Bruhat (Vastness) and Palayana (Moving).

The Hathigumpha inscription mentioned that Pithunda was destroyed by Kharavela (180 BCE) of Kalinga. The city of Pithunda is referred to as a metropolis in one of Ptolemy's works. Jayavarma, the only king known of the dynasty, ruled Krishna district with Pithunda as his capital between A.D. 270–285. A copper plate grant in the form of an order issued by Jayavarma to the governor of Kuduru ahara (district) was discovered at Kondamudi, near Tenali at around A.D.280 which describes his victorious camp at Kudura (Guduru near Machilipatnam). He has granted this land in favour of a number of Brahmins. A charter in Prakrit language he issued describes that he is a devotee of Maheswara and he called himself as Raja. They had been subdued by Pallavas.

Ananda Gotrikas, also referred to as Anandas ruled coastal Andhra with Kandarapura as the capital from 335-425 AD. Their capital is located in present day Chejerla mandal of Guntur District.[1] The Ananda Gotrikas ruled after the fall of the Andhra Ikshvakus and claimed descent from the Ananda gotra.[2]

The Anandas appear to have flourished between second half of the 4th century and the first half of the 5th century. There are only three records of the Ananda Gotrikas, which include two copper- plate grants and one stone inscription.[1] Only three kings of the kingdom, Kandara, Attivarman, and Damadoravarman, are known. The founder of the Ananda Gotrikas was Kandara, who also founded the capital city of Kanadarapura.[1] King Kandara also won battles against the Pallavas and drove them out of the Amaravati Region.[1] King Attivarman is one of the three known kings of this dynasty. He performed the costly Hiranyagarbha mahadana (donation) and was a staunch devotee of Lord Shiva.[1] King Damadoravarman was the successor and son of King Attivarman, and Damadoravarman was a Buddhist.

The Ananda Gotrikas appear to have been overthrown by the Salankayanas 

The Salankayana dynasty(300-440CE)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salankayana_dynasty  of ancient India ruled a part of Andhra region in India . Their territory was located between the Godavari and the Krishna rivers. Their capital was located at Vengi, modern Pedavegi near Eluru in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. They succeeded the Andhra Ikshvaku dynasty and were vassals of the Pallava kings of southern India. 

Vishnukundins(420-624) became independent and conquered coastal Andhra from the Salankayanas and established their capital at Denduluru[5] near Eluru, West Godavari district. Some modern historians from Telangana suggest that the dynasty initially ruled from Indrapalanagara (in present-day Nalgonda district of Telangana), and later shifted to Denduluru, and Amaravathi.

Vishnukundins reign ended with the conquest of eastern Deccan by the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II, who appointed his brother, Kubja Vishnuvardhana, as viceroy. Vishnuvardhana later declared independence, founding the Eastern Chalukya dynasty. 

Most heterogeneous areas of Madras Presidency were (1)with Telugu, Tamil speaking areas in Nellore and in  Chittoor areas of Andhra(2) with Telugu, Tamil speaking areas in Chengalpat,  North Arcot areas of TN, ... ... (3)Telugu/Oriya-speaking areas in Berhampur, ... areas of Orissa    (4)Telugu/Kannada-speaking areas in Kadapa, Kurnool, Mahboobnagar areas (5)

What were Telugu districts in 1929?    What were Tamil districts in 1929? 

మంగళూరు మద్రాస్ ప్రెసిడెన్సీలో భాగమా? 

1947లో భారతదేశానికి స్వాతంత్ర్యం వచ్చే వరకు మంగళూరు మద్రాసు ప్రెసిడెన్సీలో భాగంగా ఉంది మరియు 1956లో మైసూర్ రాష్ట్రం (ప్రస్తుతం కర్ణాటక అని పిలుస్తారు)తో ఏకం చేయబడింది. భారతదేశంలో అత్యంత వేగంగా అభివృద్ధి చెందుతున్న నగరాల్లో మంగళూరు ఒకటి. 

It is mentioned in SriRekadi Samudra Rao's book on our caste that the SriDraupadi Sameta Dharmaraja Swami Vari temple@Mulapet, Nellore was built by Gnana Prasunambika Devi, the granddaughter of Kamboja Raju 300 years ago. .  This rather seems to be a farce.  Who is Kamboja Raju? What is Kamboja?  Kamboja is one of the 16 Maha Janapadas in ancient India. Kamboja and Gandhara are 2 names mentioned more together than otherwise in ancient India literature. Kamboja seems to have been a place in the northwestern India or close to J&K.  This is one theory of Kamboja.  Another theory of Kamboja is that it was ancient Cambodia(Kampuchia https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/కంబోడియా ). In relevance of either theory, the mention in our caste book does not match with the 18/19th century conditions in Nellore. 

కాసరగోడ్ ఎప్పుడు కర్ణాటక నుండి వేరు చేయబడింది?

1956 లో రాష్ట్రాల పునర్వ్యవస్థీకరణ సమయంలో, కాసరగోడ్ విభజించబడింది మరియు కొత్తగా సృష్టించబడిన కేరళ రాష్ట్రానికి మరియు దక్షిణ కన్నడ మైసూర్ రాష్ట్రానికి (ప్రస్తుత కర్ణాటక) బదిలీ చేయబడింది. 1997లో ప్రభుత్వం దక్షిణ కన్నడ జిల్లాను ఉడిపి మరియు ప్రస్తుత దక్షిణ కన్నడ జిల్లాలుగా విభజించింది.

Karnataka (/kərˈnɑːtəkə/ kər-NAH-tə-kə; ISO: Karnāṭaka, Kannada: [kɐɾˈnaːʈɐkɐ]) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, and renamed Karnataka in 1973.

The British used the word Carnatic, sometimes Karnatak, to describe both sides of peninsular India, south of the Krishna. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act,_1956 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Madras_Presidency 

On the significance of the term Agni(Vahni)Kula Kshatriya