While it is crucial that students have incentives to learn, scholars may not always be aware of their goals or what motivates them. Likewise, students may not be cognizant of the kinds of assignments/activities that heighten or inhibit their motivation.

Different types of goals can result in various cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects. Research suggests that challenging, yet reasonable goals have a positive effect on learners’ performance. Moreover, researchers have made connections between learners’ beliefs about success and the types of goals they pursue.