Culturally based expectations are subtle and can be harmful.

Research has shown that there is a cultural bias in observed differences in functions such as memory and attention. Heidi Keller has shown that evaluating a development of learning pathway with the expectations of a group of students with another is unethical and unscientific.

An example of this....

Young children's vocabulary development and academic outcomes with their mother's expertise on language is a controversy known as the word gap. Children's learning is fostered by being continuously interacted with by their parents. Middle class American parents tend to talk to their children more often than other types of parents. This leads to middle class children succeeding more academically.

It is, therefore, very important to recognize biases in learning expectations and not hold everyone to the same inequitable standards.