A breadboard/protoboard/solderless board is a board for semipermanent electronic circuits, a tool to connect electrical components without soldering.
Unlike perfboards or stripboards, breadboards don't need soldering or destruction of tracks and are hence reusable. For this reason, breadboards are also popular with students and in technological education.
A breadboard has 2 main parts: terminal or bus stripes (in yellow; row/horizontal) of 5 holes and power rails (in red; columns/vertical) (Fig. 1).
Power rails run down the board and terminal stripes are electrical connected.
Fig. 1
2 power rails are on a board's both side, 1 for positive (red) and one for negative (blue.
Behind a breadboard.
Left has all its stripes and right is missing some stripes.
1 strip detached form the board
Connecting components Place a component along a terminal stripe to keep it isolated
If they're on the same row, we get a short circuit.
The board's middle gap is to place a microcontroller or resistors to connect (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2
We add a jumper cable to connect to rows and, power and ground components both on the rails (Fig 3.)
Fig 3.
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A closed circuit with electricity drawn as arrows [5].
The same circuit wired in another way.
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To wire circuits accurately according to a given diagram, draw a simpler version that is fitting for you and label each connections with numbers of the breadboard, and cross the drawn part until the circuit is complete.
Early breadboards were made out of wood with screws on it, which is where "bread" of its name is from, unlike modern made of plastics.
[1] Wikipedia
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[3] Breadboards In 60 Seconds! - YT
[3.2] How to Use a Breadboard
[3.3] Breadboarding tips
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