Refraction
Simulation (Lens)
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Definition of refraction
Definition of refraction
Bending/change in light's direction when travels from one medium to another.
What's refraction?
What's refraction?
Phenomenon of light, radio waves, etc... being deflected in passing through interface between 1 medium through another medium.
What causes refraction?
What causes refraction?
When powerful light beam in water at an angle.
Why direction change in transparent object?
Because light slows down when enters a transparent object.
How does light bend?
When travelling at angle into substance with different index of refraction.
An useful analogy would also be thinking of a wagon travelling at an angle from pavement 👇.
Method
Method
Think about a car rolling on sand;
when it goes on sand/other substances it slows down,
like when light goes travels water.
Rules of refraction
Rules of refraction
Case 2: As speed of light increase: bend away from normal
Case 1: As speed of light decrease: bend toward normal
Notice that light is parallel to itself before passing water.
Example: incident ray has a 45° angle against normal.
The ray within the block, refracted ray moves through block at 30° angle
Light than comes out. 👉
Calculate light's path in refraction
Calculate light's path in refraction
We uses the Snell's law
Refraction is caused by the wave front of light striking the surface of a new medium an angle other than 90°.
This causes one part o the wave to change speed before the other part of the wave
Speed of Light in...
Speed of Light in...
In vacuum: 3.00 x 108 m/s (300,000 km/s)
In water: 2.26 x 108 m/s (226,000 km/s)
In acrylic: 1.76 x 108 m/s (176,000 km/s)
Rules of refraction
Rules of refraction
Angle of refraction: angle between refracted ray and normal.
Light bends toward the normal when its speed decreases in material.
Light bends away from the normal when speed increases in material.
Partial Reflection/Refraction
Partial Reflection/Refraction
Occurs when light travels from medium to another different that's different with different index of refraction.
Refraction often accompanied by reflection = partial reflection and refraction.
Example: light striking water or window few other materials have this dual property.
Two-way mirrors and mirrored sunglasses reflect much of incident light
How Two-Way Mirror work?
How Two-Way Mirror work?
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