Circulatory System
Aka Cardiovascular SystemRelated pages on this site
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The circulatory system is one of the human body's 11 major systems.
It's a complex network of organs and vessels responsible for
Blood Transportation
Oxygen
Nutrients
HormonesWaste products throughout the body
The circulatory system's main components are the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood.
Facts
Facts
Our heart beats 30-5 million times a year and pumps about 19k litres of blood a day.
If our blood vessels stretched out in a line it would go around the equator 2.5 times (about 90k km)
The body's 3 main blood cells
Red Blood cells (RBC)
White Blood Cells (WBC)
Platelets
Veins seen under our skin may look blueor green but isn't actually their actual color as it's more a physic question.
Human blood maintains a certain pH, temperature, osmotic pressure, transports things like hormones, nutrient and gases.
It's made of components like:
Plasma (water, proteins, salt, lipisd)
Cellular components (RBD, WBC)
Platelets
Process of blood deoxygenated oxygenated
Process of blood deoxygenated oxygenated
Oxygenated blood
Aka oxygen-rich blood Oxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood is blood that we usually see, blood that's rich in oxygen.
Red and blue blood eventually meet each other by comprising our cardiovascular system at places like our fingers circulating blood and oxygen around the body.
Deoxygenated blood
Aka oxygen-poor blood Deoxygenated blood
Deoxygenated blood is blood that's low in oxygen. It's represented in blue and is darker than usual blood that we see due to having less oxygen.
This type of blood is darker in color than oxygenated blood, which is bright red.
Has little because the 02 was delivered to cells
Travels through veins
Is indicated by blue on anatomical diagrams
Blue/Oxygen-poor blood returns/ collected by right side (actually heart's left side from the image) of heart, it's then pumped to lungs through the "pulmonary arteries"
Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels
There are 3 main that transport blood around the body:
- Arteries
carry oxygenated blood away from heart. They have thick wall and muscles that help high blood pressure and carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Remember the "a" of artery stands for "away from heart".
They're red because they like to steal away blood from the heart.
- Veins
return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
They have thinner walls than arteries and larger lumens to accommodate slower blood flow.
Veins also have 1-way valves preventing backflow of blood.
Remember that the "v" of vein stand for
Veins' walls are made up of 3 layers: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia.
Trick to remember the functions of artery and veins
Trick to remember the functions of artery and veins
- Capillaries
are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins.
They're so thin that only 1 cell can pass at a time, to allow for gas exchanging, nutrients, and waste products between blood and surrounding tissues.
They're found in almost every body's each tissue and form an extensive network called "capillary bed".
Blood flow through capillaries is regulated by precapillary sphincters, which can constrict or dilate to control blood flow.
There are 2 others types of blood vessel: arteriole and vennule
It's at the capillary level that nutrient and gas exchange takes place
3 types of tissues in the circulatory system are...
3 types of tissues in the circulatory system are...
muscle
nerve
Connective
Which are surrounded and lined by epithelial tissue
Disease and Disorders
Disease and Disorders
Coronoary Artery Disease (CAD)
Heart attacks
Both caused by blockage in the coronary arteries which can also be caused by smoking
Blood pressure and heart rate are 2 important physiological parameters closely related to cardiovascular system. Blood pressure refers to force of blood pushing against walls of arteries as it circulates through body.
It's measured by using 2 numbers:
systolic pressure (top number): pressure in arteries when heart contracts / measures force of blood when heart beats.
diastolic pressure (the bottom number): pressure in arteries when heart relaxes / measures force of blood when heart is resting between beats.
Normal blood pressure is typically around 120/80 mmHg, but vary depending on factors such ages, genders, and overall health.
Heart rate, on the other hand, refers to number of times heart beats per minute. It's controlled by electrical signals originating in sinoatrial (SA) node, located in right atrium of heart. The SA node acts as natural pacemaker, sending out regular signals causing heart to contract and pump blood throughout body.
Normal resting heart rate is typically between 60-100 beats per minute, but it can vary depending on factors such as age, fitness level, and overall health.
Physiological: relating to the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
Parameters: a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation.
Pulmonary Veins
Pulmonary Veins
It carries oxygenated blood to the heart.
These veins are part of the pulmonary circulatory system and are an important part of the respiratory system. The pulmonary veins can become distended in congestive heart failure (left-sided heart failure), resulting in pulmonary edema.Aug 8, 2022
Quizz
Quizz
1. What are names and funcitons of two main cells of the blood?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes cells
2. What is the fluid's name carrying these cells and their 2 functions of this fluid?
The blood, a specialized bodily fluid responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to tissue and organs of the body while also removig waste products.
3. Approximately how many miles of bloos vessel are in our body?
By adulthood, we each have 60,000 miles of blood vessels inside our bodies – that's more than twice of the world's distance.
Those vessels keep blood flowing, supplying our tissues with oxygen and nutrients, and keeping our organs, including the heart, healthy.
4. Blood with a very small amount of oxygen but a high amount of carbon dioxide is called deoxygenated blood.
What side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood and where is pumped to?
The right side of the heart
5. What's the function of a valve in Circulatory system ?
It play a crucial role in ensuring proper blood flow.
Valves are present in heart, veins, and arteries and help regulate blood flow by opening and closing at specific intervals. In the heart, there are 4 valves controlling flow of blood.
The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle, while the mitral valve controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle. The pulmonary valve regulates blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungsThese valves open and close in a coordinated manner to ensure that blood flows in one direction only.
6. Name the the heart's 4 chambers in the order that blood flows through them.
Right Atrium: First chamber receiving deoxygenated blood from body through superior and inferior vena cava. Right atrium then contracts and sends blood to right ventricle.
Right Ventricle: It receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium and pumps it to lungs for oxygenation through pulmonary artery.
Left Atrium: It eceives oxygenated blood from lungs through the pulmonary veins. It then contracts and sends the blood to the left ventricle.
Left Ventricle: Largest and strongest chamber of heart. It receives oxygenated blood from left atrium and pumps it to the rest of the body through the aorta.
7. What makes the lub dub sound or the beating soud that you can hear?
The sound comes from valves shutting on the blood inside the heart.
The first sound (the lub) happens when the mitral and tricuspid valves close. The next sound (the dub) happens when the aortic and pulmonary valves close after the blood has been squeezed out of the heart.
8. Approximately how many times does our heart beat in one day?
Your heart beats about 100,000 times in a day and about 35 million times in a year. During average lifetime, human heart beats more than 2.5 billion times.
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