A 6306A DC power supply
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Power supply
Power supply
A power supply (or just supply) is an electrical device supplying power to a load. Its main purpose is to convert current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load, so they're also called electric power converters.
Operation
Operation
When a supply supplies voltage to a DUT, the supply has a voltage setpoint (V-set) of, say 10 V (by a user) and a predefined current limit (I-set) of, say 2 A. The supply immediately “pulls” current based on the load's behavior (low resistance → more current, high resistance → less current)
device under test (DUT): term depicting a load being tested
Knowing current flows out of the supply, through the load(s), and returns back to the supply ('s negative terminal/ground), the supply measures output current and voltage thousands of times per second and decides:
Case 1: Current below limit → CV mode
Voltage stays at set (10 V) value
Current is whatever the load needs
Case 2: Current tries to exceed limit → CC mode
Current is capped at the (2 A) limit
Voltage is reduced automatically til current drops to 2 A
cap: limited/restricted to max value
Predefined limit values
Predefined limit values
A supply's safe current limit (I-set) can vary from 2 mA.
For safety, if a supply's I-set suddenly drops from, say 75 mA to 2 mA, it means the circuit it supplies has a short, i.e., the circuit is wrongly built.
CV and CC modes
CV and CC modes
[9] Most bench power supplies operate in 2 MAIN modes: Constant Voltage (CV) and Constant Current (CC). Both modes allow to control the power output, but differ in how the supply responds to changes in the load (the DUT (device under test)).
[9] CV mode allows supply to keep a set output voltage (by user), no matter the changes in the load's resistance (up to some limit). The supply will try delivering the set voltage, as long as the current the DUT draws won't exceed a supply's predefined current limit.
If DUT's resistance causes lower current than current limit, the supply just delivers the set voltage.
If the DUT current exceeds the current limit, supply won't exceed the current limit and enter CC mode, to adjust voltage to keep the current at the set limit.
[9] In Constant Current (CC) mode, the power supply will attempt to maintain a steady current output, regardless of changes in the DUT's resistance (within certain limits).
Note: while the power supply in CC mode acts to maintain constant current, it does not become a true current source. Instead, it regulates the output to ensure the current stays at the set value, even if the load's resistance changes.
When the current drawn by the DUT exceeds the current limit, the power supply switches into CC mode, reducing the voltage to maintain the set current.
If the current drawn by the DUT is less than the set current, the power supply will return to CV mode and maintain the set voltage.
[D1] Overall, as shown on the right image,
if circuit current equals or tries to exceed I-set ⟶ supply CC mode
if below I-set ⟶ supply in CV mode
[D1]
Difference between the power supply's I-set value and sine waves of a correctly and a wrongly working LPF circuit.
Types
Types
[1] DC power supplies
Classification
Classification
Functional:
Packaging:
Power conversion method:
The "630" of 6306A DC power supply stands for 6000 (6 with '3' zeros) and "6A" means 6 ampere for its max current.
6306A DC power supply
6306A DC power supply
[2], [5] The 6000 Series or 6306A series is a dual-channel-output DC power supply.
Its features are:
Twin power output with tracking function for automatic selection of parallel or serial connection
Short-circuit protection against external input while providing constant voltage and constant current
Allows serial or parallel connection with the same power supply model
5V/5A constant-voltage output
Its 4 screens (2 for voltage and 2 for current) are for real-time monitoring and control of many simultaneous parameters
Most high-end lab power supplies use multiple digital displays to show critical parameters without needing to switch modes.
The 4 screens are often:
Set voltage (V-SET): the target output voltage
Actual voltage (V-OUT): the real-time measured voltage
Set current (I-SET): the configured current limit
Actual current (I-OUT): the real-time measured current
[4] "Slave" and "Master" refers to a control relationship between many units:
Master: main unit controlling 1+ secondary units.
Slave: The secondary unit(s) following commands of the "master".
A 6306A Series has a "Slave" (left) knob that does nothing and a Master (right) knob controlling both voltage analog.
Types
Types
Conversion technologies
Conversion technologies
Functional classifications
Functional classifications
Dual power supply
Dual power supply
A dual power supply is a supply that outputs 2 different (often symmetrical; +12V and -12V) outputs via 1 input and a common gnd. It's often used for OP amps and audio tools, allowing signals to go above and below the ground reference. It differs from redundant dual-source supplies used in servers.
[8] If we switch a voltage source's orientation to negative polarity for many circuits, the circuit may not work, but some need negative voltage and some can't work without it.
E.g., An electronic device that often use negative voltage is a transistor. Dual OP amps need both positive and negative voltages.
To create a dual voltage config., we can use use 2 batteries (of e.g., 9 V) in series. One positive and one negative will be connected in series. Connect the middle terminals using an alligator clamp. For the two remaining terminals, connect an alligator clamp. One for each side.
a Keithley power supply ub a dual power supply config.
References
References
[1] Wikipedia
[2] ELE8922A 316 Electrical Principles II: Lab 2# Series parallel circuits - YT
[6] Power Supply Types: What are the Different Types of Power Supplies? - Start Pac
[7]
[8] Dual Voltage Supply (9V Batteries) - Bits4Bots (Instructables)
Make / create dual power supply from two single power supplies - dudenukem (All About Circuits)
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