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Tissue = collection of similar cells performing specific, but limited function.
Ex: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nerve tissue. Each contains many types of specialized cells, and each found in most organ systems.
Tissues represent 1 stage in hierarchy, or levels of organization of living beings.
Animal Tissues
Animal Tissues
Animal tissue is divided into 4 main groups based on their main functions:
Epithelial Tissue
Aka epitheliumEpithelial Tissue
Tissues cover all animal's body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are major tissue in glands.
They perform various functions including protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.
Ex: skin's outer layer (epidermis).
Secretion:
Cavity: Hole/empty space in solid object/organism that can be found in various parts of body, such as chest, abdomen or skull and often surrounded by tissues or organs and serve different purposes depending on their location.
In dentistry, cavity refers to decayed part of tooth that has formed a hole.
Hollow Organ:
Hollow Organ:
A bodily organ containing a cavity or lumen. These organs are tubular structures that serve various functions in body, including digestion, excretion, and reproduction.
Ex: of hollow organs: stomach, intestines, bladder, uterus, and blood vessels.
5 of Epithelial's own tissue:
5 of Epithelial's own tissue:
(3 basic types)
Squamous: flat (like the name says).
Cuboidal: tissue composed of single layer of flat cells tightly packed together. Found in areas where diffusion and filtration take place, like lining of blood vessels and lungs' air sacs.
Ciliated: This type of tissue is composed of a single layer of tall, narrow cells that have a nucleus near the base. It is found in areas where absorption and secretion take place, such as the lining of the digestive tract.
Glandular: This type of tissue is composed of multiple layers of cells that are stacked on top of each other. It is found in areas that need protection from abrasion and damage, such as the skin and lining of the mouth.
Columnar: This type of tissue is composed of a single layer of cube-shaped cells that have a central nucleus. It is found in areas where secretion and absorption take place, such as the kidney tubules and glands.
Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
Most found tissues. They support, protects, and give structure to other tissue and organs. They store fat, and move nutrients and other substances between tissues and organs.
They help to repair damaged tissue and are made of cells, fibres, and a gel-like substance.
3. Muscle Tissue
3. Muscle Tissue
Responsible for movement and force generation. It's composed of special cylindrical cells called "muscle fibers", that can reduce their size and relaxing because of nerve signals.
5 of Epithelial's own tissue:
5 of Epithelial's own tissue:
- Skeletal muscle
Tissue attached to bone and responsible for movements such as running walking, and jumping. They're long, cylindrical cells that are multinucleated. It's a tissue that's under conscious control and can be trained to increase strength and endurance.
- Cardiac muscle
Tissue only found in the heart, are shorter than skeletal muscle fibres, with all tissue contracts at the same time for the heart to contract and move blood around the body, and have a single nucleus.
Neither smooth nor cardiac muscle.
- Striated muscle
There’s 3 types of muscle tissue are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart, appear striped (striated), and are under involuntary control.
Multinucleated: Contain more than 1 nuclei.
- Smooth muscle
Muscle tissue found in hollow organ's wall like the stomach, intestines, bladder, and blood vessels.
Are Spindle-shaped with a single nucleus. They contract involuntarily and rhythmically to move substances through organs they surround.
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