[1]
Embedded Files
Serial communication
Serial communication
[1] In data transmission, serial communication is a method to convey 1 binary digit at a time ("serially") via many conductors unlike parallel communication, which conveys many bit simultaneously ("parallelly").
Also unlike parallel communication, it also doesn't use clock signals since data don't need to be timed to ensure they're received simultaneously and it uses the RS232 standard.
It uses a clock signals for timing synchronously., i.e. data is transferred according to the clock's timings.
2 ual timing signals are:
Clock signal: continuous repeating pulse, acts like a metronome.
Strobe signal: "Attention" signal that only executes at specific moments.
Upsides
Upsides
Faster - no clock skew Even thought parallel communication should be faster for sending many bits simultaenously. But as parallel systems run faster, they reach a limit called clock skew. Since electricity travels at limited speed, microscopic contrasts in wire lengths mean bits sent simultaneously arrive different times. Whereas serial communications uses 1 lane, allowing it to send data at very high fast speeds.
Less crosstalk noise When we pack 8, 16, 32 wires together, they act like as tiny radio antennas. The magnetic fields generated by a signal flipping in a wire may bleed into another wire, creating electrical noise called crosstalk, which at speed fully destroys datas.
Signal slew rates isn't critcal Slew rate is how fast signals flip between 0 and 1. In parallel system, all wires must rise and fall simultaneously. If 1 wire has a slightly slower slew rate than the others, its bit arrives late, ruins alignment and cause data corruption - unlike serial communication.
slew (electronics)/slew rate: circuit's speed limit, measures how fast device change voltage/current. Called slew rate as "slew" is an old engineering term for turning what's heavy to a fixed axis.
Downsides
Downsides
A
[M1]
Applications
Applications
For being immune to noise and handling wide bandwidth across minimal wiring, it's used in most modern tech sectors.
Internal data storage: SATA (Serial ATA) and NVMe PCIe lanes send storage data between hard drives, SSDs, and motherboard controllers at gigabyte-per-second speeds.
High-speed peripheral connection: Standards like USB connect everything from mouses and keyboards to high-speed external solid-state drives.
Core vehicle control (CUs): Modern cars use the CAN bus (Controller Area Network) protocol to let critical systems like the engine control module, brakes, and airbags share vehicle metrics over a single twisted pair of wires.
Cabin accessories: Lower-speed serial connections like LIN (Local Interconnect Network) handle simpler components like power windows, mirrors, and climate controls.
Modes
Modes
Simplex communication mode transmits data in only a direction, meaning 1 device sends data while the other only receives it. Hence data sent to a device cannot can't be sent back. Radio and television are examples of basic protocols, where we don't send return signals.
A keyboard sending instructions to a computer monitor is another example of one-way communication.Half-duplex communication allows 2-way data transmission, but not simultaneously. The transmitter and receiver can both send and receive data, but one must wait for the other to finish prior responding.
An example is the internet, where if we send a request to a website, the web server processes it and then sends data back in return.In full-duplex communication, data is sent and received simultaneously. It separates communication lines for sending and receiving, for continuous real-time communication.
A telephone call is a common full-duplex communication example, where both people can talk and listen simultaneously.
My materials
My materials
[M1] ELE8940 RS232
[M2]
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