Dam
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Components
Components
The headpond/reservoir is the water stored behind the dam that's used to drive the water down the system.
[1.1] Fig. 1 Penstocks of a dam
The intake is the entry point where water leaves the reservoir to enter the plant, often using control gates and trash racks (screens) to keep out debris.
The penstock is a big sloped pipe/conduit channeling water under high pressure down from the intake form the turbine. It converts potential energy into kinetic energy.
The draft tube is an expanding discharge pipe located right below the turbine, decelerating the output water, reduces pressure at the turbine exit, and maximizes the energy extracted by the turbine.
The turbine is spun by the fast-flowing water from the penstock, converting kinetic water energy into mechanical rotational energy. The turbine is often installed between the penstock and the draft tube.
The generator is coupled directly to the spinning turbine shaft, converting the mechanical energy into AC electrical energy via magnetic fields.
The tailrace is the channel/river carrying theused water away from the turbine/draft tube back to the natural river.
The powerhouse is the building structure housing and protecting the heavy machinery, including turbines, generators, control systems, and monnitoring equipment. The transformer steps the voltage generated bt the plant to high voltage suitable for efficient long-distance transmission across the grid.
The transmsission lines are high-voltage lines carrying generated electricity from the hydroelectric facility out to clients, and the power grid.
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