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My starting story
In Seoul of Korea, a group of people with disabilities have been protesting in a subway since December last year. They are demanding the government to guarantee the right to move, education, and work. So far, the government has implemented various policies, but the rights of them have still not been guaranteed due to lack of specific measures and budgets. Ordinary People are complaining to people with disabilities because they are unable to use the subway due to demonstration. It is sad that people don't know how long they had lived with discomfort all their lives. This is not just a matter for Korea. Japan is implementing a mandatory employment policy for the people with disabilities to guarantee the right to work . In 2018, it was revealed that the national organization didn't follow the mandatory employment rate. I want to know why the people with disabilities’ rights to work are not protected even if the mandatory employment policy is implemented.
My research Focus
In order to know the employment problem of the people with disabilities, it is necessary to consider not only the employment policy but also the right to receive education. People with disabilities have been taking classes at school since childhood, but it is not easy for them to get a job. Or even if they get a job, they quit quickly. Despite the government's support for special education services , people with disabilities cannot have an opportunity to work. If people with disabilities are separated from ordinary people since childhood, will they be able to work together? I will explain the reasons why the people with disabilities cannot work freely by dividing into law (mandatory employment policy) and education (special school system). And I want to think about what support is needed.
My research questions
Q1. Why is the mandatory employment policy for the people with disabilities not helpful?
Q2. What are the problems of the education system for the people with disabilities?
Q3. How can we support employment for the people with disabilities?
Toujisha Voices
Shuihei Onishi
Shuhei Onishi has a genetic disorder. He graduated from college in the U.S. He can speak English and has computer skills but has never gotten a job in Japan. This is because all companies rejected him. Nevertheless, he didn't give up. He wanted to work on his own, rather than being cared for by someone at the welfare center. He is working to provide counsel for people with disabilities like him to study abroad.
“Many companies don’t accept me because I cannot do anything by myself. Japanese company culture is not good for people with disabilities. If people with disabilities don’t have a job, they feel lonely.”
Jun Watanabe
Jun with cerebral palsy made 27 attempts in seven years to try and gain entry to a regular high school. However, the school didn’t accept him because of his disability. He died at age 21 without being able to fulfill his dream.
When he was in regular junior high school, the teacher in charge of his class said that Watanabe and his schoolmates were not separated from each other.
"Spending the time together made it a learning experience for the other children too," the teacher recalled.
Mandatory employment policy for the people with disabilities
Companies should keep the mandatory employment rate for the disabled set by the government.
Companies that fail to achieve will have their names announced and pay fines.
Companies that keep their employment rates get money paid by companies that fail to achieve.
Thanks to the mandatory employment policy for the people with disabilities, according to the 厚生労働省発表令和２年 障害者雇用状況の集計結果 (mhlw.go.jp) the the employment rate is increasing. However, according to the the 障害者の就業状況等に関する調査研究｜障害者職業総合センター NIVR (jeed.go.jp), settlement rate is decreasing every year. Why do they quit their jobs quickly even if they get it difficult? Can we say that it is just because of the lack of their abilities due to disabilities?
厚生労働省 「令和３年３月１日から障害者の法定雇用率が引き上げになります」
厚生労働省発表 「令和2年 障害者雇用状況の集計結果」
一般企業に就職した障害者における障害別の職場定着率の推移と構成割合
「日本の｢障害者雇用政策｣は問題が多すぎる」東洋経済 2018.05.17 中島 隆信
日本の｢障害者雇用政策｣は問題が多すぎる | 政策 | 東洋経済オンライン | 社会をよくする経済ニュース (toyokeizai.net)
Q1. Why is the mandatory employment policy for the people with disabilities not helpful?
It is difficult for small companies to actively employ the people with disabilities because their finances are unstable compared to large companies. It’s better to pay a fine than to hire the people with disabilities. Large companies are busy to avoid disclosing the name of the company and penalty. This is because sales can be increased by maintaining a good image from the people.
In large companies, parent company entrusts all the employment of the people with disabilities to subsidiary. In order to forcibly hire them, subsidiary makes non-essential chores such as cleaning and filing. It leads to a focus on disability rather than skills and misses the point about inclusion. People with disabilities cannot do things that suit their abilities and easily quit because it's hard to adapt to their work.
Q2. What are the problems of the education system for the people with disabilities?
Children with disabilities are separated from others and enter special schools. They think of themselves as different and strange. Children in regular schools cannot have a chance to learn the diversity of individuality. When children grow up, it’s continued exclusive atmosphere in companies. It becomes reasonable that it is difficult for them to work together with ordinary people.
The government guarantees children with disabilities to enter regular schools in law. According to the report by 文部科学省, 「インクルーシブ教育システムにおいては、同じ場で共に学ぶことを追求するとともに、個別の教育的ニーズのある幼児児童生徒に対して（中略）・・多様で柔軟な仕組みを整備することが重要である」However, ordinary schools do not accept students with disabilities. Teachers in regular classes think that when I cannot teach students with disabilities, it is best to introduce them to special schools.
Q3. How can we support employment for the people with disabilities?
1. It is important to give people with disabilities the opportunity to show their skills. By being recognized and demonstrating their abilities, they should be as necessary as the ordinary people. For example, I want to introduce S-POOL Plus+ company. This company makes an agricultural team and helps the people with disabilities to learn agricultural techniques. Companies that have to employee the people with disabilities contract with this company and hire agricultural teams. Crops are distributed to employees as benefits and used as ingredients for company’s cafeterias. Companies do not need to worry about hiring people with disabilities. People with disabilities can feel rewarded by doing their skills to grow agricultural plants. The company and the employees with disabilities become to be needed each other.
2. All students have to be together in same class.
Regardless of disabilities, all children should stay together in the same space. It is necessary to personalize disabled children so that they can mix with other children. This is a reasonable accommodation. For example, if there is a child with a mental disability who cannot concentrate or feel anxious during the class, teacher can relieve anxiety by giving the child a card that organizes the flow of the day's all classes easily in advance. If there is a child who uses a wheelchair, there are signs on stairs or elevators so that child can move easily. As children grow up, they recognize their individuality and learn to interact with others from the external environment. People with disabilities and ordinary people can work and live together even if they become adults and go out into society by learning to respect various personalities.
What I've learned
We don't often encounter people with disabilities in our daily lives. This means that their living areas are very narrow. If the living area is limited, there are few places for them to work. There are some companies that employ only people with disabilities for social welfare. But is this real an inclusive system? We usually think that people with disabilities should be protected because they can't do anything alone. This makes people with disabilities cannot get a chance to learn independence and make a distance with other people. However, they can work on their own with a little help. In Nara Medical University Hospital, many disabled employees work. At first, they made a lot of mistakes and received many complaints from the hospital. This is because it took a long time to adapt to learning work. 障害者雇用推進系 continued to have a meeting with disabled employees to listen to their concerns and to allow them to rest whenever they wanted to. Now hospitals cannot be maintained without disabled employees. In order for people with disabilities to be recognized for their individualities and to demonstrate their skills, they need help from the government and companies. The mandatory employment policy for the people with disabilities should reduce the unilateral employment burden of the company and ensure opportunities for them to work what they want. People with disabilties need to know how to mix with various people in various environments. It is necessary to have a time with general children in general schools rather than special schools when they are young. In order to expand the living area of the people with disabilities, ordinary people should bear inconvenience and give reasonable accommodation to them.
New interests
Q1. How eliminate the prejudice that “people with disabilities are unhelpful”?
Q2. What employment policies are implemented overseas for the disabled?
Q3. In a Japanese society that values overall harmony, how can we make an educational system in which students with disabilities can be respected for their individualities and get a reasonable accommodation in general schools?
Source of Information
(29) 🇯🇵 Japan's Disability Shame | 101 East - YouTube Japan's Disability Shame / Aljazeera / 8 Nov 2018
Disabled Japanese man rejected from entering high school 27 times dies aged 21 - The Mainichi Mainichi / 30 Dec 2019.
個性豊かな「障害者」が活躍する病院 命を守る医療現場を支えるスタッフたち - YouTube 関西テレビNEWS, 15 Sep, 2021.
令和２年 障害者雇用状況の集計結果 (mhlw.go.jp) 厚生労働省発表 「令和2年 障害者雇用状況の集計結果」
障害者の就業状況等に関する調査研究｜障害者職業総合センター NIVR (jeed.go.jp) 一般企業に就職した障害者における障害別の職場定着率の推移と構成割合
202012011142.pdf (mhlw.go.jp) 厚生労働省 「令和３年３月１日から障害者の法定雇用率が引き上げになります」
日本の｢障害者雇用政策｣は問題が多すぎる | 政策 | 東洋経済オンライン | 社会をよくする経済ニュース (toyokeizai.net) 「日本の｢障害者雇用政策｣は問題が多すぎる」東洋経済 2018.05.17 中島 隆信
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