1. Introduction
The main focus of the research I did in this zemi during 2017 was immigrants living in Japan. In April, I didn’t have a strong idea about the research topic. I only felt that studying about diversity related to foreigners in Japan would be interesting. As I have a foreign father and am generally called “Hafu”, the difference in treatment of pure Japanese and others was easy for me to understand. I have leant through my research that in other countries like UK, supply and demand is important for regulating foreign labour, but in Japan policy is more closed. Comparing Japan and other countries in several aspects seemed to be very significant for me. So first, I looked at the basic information about foreigners and their working situations in Japan. My next goal was to know about refugees and asylum seekers. This has been big news globally for the last few years. but in Japan the main news is always about the domestic issues like aging society or gender diversity. My research in the autumn semester was about a specific groip who are seeking asylum, “Kurdish residents”. During the autumn semester, I visited a Kurdish group, and also a Filipino group, where children are supported in various ways. I’m satisfied with these studies, as it was the big opportunity to learn what is really going on in Japan, which is something I had never thought about.
2. Immigrants Working in Japan: An Overview
In Japan, there are more than two million foreigners, and half of them (1,066,061 in 2016) are permanent residents. Most of them live or stay in big cities like Tokyo, Osaka and those in Aichi. B
esides, many foreigners choose towns near city centers like Saitama or Kanagawa, both next to Tokyo. Asian people are the biggest group in Japan (都道府県データランキング) . We can see on the graph above that almost half of total number are Chinese and Koreans, from neighboring countries. Not only people from close nations live in Japan. There is a big community of Brazilians which was established around 1990 in Aichi and Shizuoka. Furthermore, there is the popular event like samba parades in Hamamatsu (Shizuoka), which is connected with these communities.
Foreign residents face a variety of difficulties living in Japan. According to the survey done with 2044 foreigners, one in three of them say that they had trouble to find a place to live. For example, 40% of them needed a Japanese guarantor essentially and 27% found that estate agents only work for Japanese people (written 日本人のみ on the office information). Another problems is in relationships between Japanese and foreigners. It’s not strange that cultural differences cause local issues to do with town rules or "common sense", but it’s necessary to accept those gaps in this globalizing society. Children having roots in foreign countries also have trouble in relations, families, education, and more. There is a NPO named “Kalakasan”, which I visited twice with Mike and other students. Kalakasan is dedicated to empower the migrant women and their children. Mainly Philippine women join this organization. I joined their studying class held in the church for children. I felt that children of mixed Japanese and Filipino parentage there had some difficulties in their studies. Education gaps are issues in other communities, too. For instance, only 60% of Brazilian children graduate from high school, while 98% of Japanese graduate from it. (高校学校教育の現状）
Foreign workers come to Japan and stay here on a variety of different visas. There are visas for professional workers (basically upto 5 years), for technical internship training programs (basically upto 3 years), for students and for family stayers. The short-term visa, which is basically for tourists or business visitors, is valid for 3 months. To become a permanent resident of Japan, there are some strict rules, such as proving how the person can bring benefits for Japan. Compared with getting a spouse visa or student visa, receiving a working visa is quite hard as the person must be “professional” like doctor or teacher.(ビザ・日本滞在)In addition, it is written that the person “must be kind（善良)” on the 入国管理局 (Bureau of Immigration) website, which is sometimes difficult to judge. The most important point is that the only foreign workers who are professionals (such as doctors, teachers, and diplomats) or, in some cases, care workers such as nurses and carers for the elderly, can get a work visa. In Japan, there is no visa for unskilled foreign labour. There are, however, a lot of foreign migrants who are actually working in Japan as unskilled labour（単純労働者). So how do they come to Japan and what work do they do?
It is said that these foreign workers come to Japan as students and technical interns, or come on short-term visit visas and become undocumented over-stayers (without valid visas). Many trainees on the Technical Internship Training System are from Asian countries like China, Vietnam and Thailand. There are merits and demerits to working as an unskilled foreign worker in Japan. While they have trouble to find a job or continue it, the wage is higher than in developing nations such as the ones they come from. The safeness of Japanese society is also attractive. Their wages, however, are frequently lower than documented workers and Japanese workers. For the company it’s easy to hire these foreign workers, as they are cheap and do not need any complicated documents or insurance support. The biggest issue here is that there are a lot of companies who hire people who are not supposed to do unskilled labour. Japan is famous for the shortage of nurses and construction workers, and this can be made up by labor from other countries. It is necessary, therefore, to decide either to make the rules stricter to prevent this kind of 'illegal' or 'irregular' migrant labour, or accept unskilled migrant workers as “legal” residents.
3. Refugee Issues in Japan
Recently, refugee issues have been big news around the world. Millions of asylum seekers have been moving to other countries or within their homeland. Especially, more than two million Syrians fled to Turkey in 2015. My second research is about the basis of this issue and their living issues in Japanese society.
First, there are important differences between the words “Refugee”「難民」, “Asylum seeker”「難民申請者・亡命者」, and “Immigrant”「移民」. An immigrant is the person “who moves from one country to another for several purposes”. A refugee is the person “who has been forced to cross the boundaries and who is recognized as needing international protection”. (Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers : what’s the difference?, UNHCR) An asylum seeker is “the person whose request for sanctuary has yet to be accepted as a refugee”. The most significant rules were established in 1951 as the “Refugee Convention”. It defines that “refugees should not be returned to a situation where their freedom and life would be under threat and they should not be punished for illegal staying”. At present, 143 nations operate under this convention.
Japan is known as a closed country, which hardly accepts any refugees. While Germany received 800,000,000 Syrian asylum seekers in 2015 and 2016, Japan gave refugee rights to only 6 Syrians (while million foreigners have applied).(Sydney Morning Herald). The law and application form for asylum seekers are on the website of the Ministry of Justice Immigration Bureau.(難民認定制度・難民認定申請). To apply for refuge in Japan, it is essential to prove with evidence that the person had been persecuted in his (or her) home country. It is often hard for the people to remember and talk about this as they have been suffering from traumas and hard environments heavily. Support for them during the application process is lacking, too. Asylum seekers do not get help from the government for the first six months. And during that first half year, asylum seekers do not have a right to find a job. In addition, not all of them can find a job without government permission. As they do not have stable incomes, many of them tend to live on the street or have some problems with health.
There are some organizations which try to support asylum seekers. The most famous globally is the UNHCR. "難民支援協会" (Japan Associatin for Refugees) is active, too. There is "なんみんフォーラム" (Refugee Forum), which brings together different refugee support organisations. In addition, there are Christian churches which supply help to refugees in Japan. I went to the Café Zemi, held by a Housei University class, to learn about the group WELgee (Welcome Refugees). WELgee is an NPO helping asylum seekers with housing, Japanese language study, asylum applications, and basic life support like shopping and entertaining. When I joined Cafe Zemi, the leader of WELgee and one of the asylum seekers from Afghanistan each gave a speech. There I learned about the basic legal rules related to refugees. The man from Afghanistan was threatened by the Taliban, the terror group. He came to Japan alone and applied as a refugee. Until he met the leader of WELgee, he didn't have any idea about living in Japan, which meant he had to sleep on the street. If he hadn't met her by chance, he may have been starving outside, as some of asylum seekers are. Recently, WELgee were asking for donations to rent the share house for asylum seekers, and they were successful in collecting money for this, quicker than they had been planning. Accepting all the asylum seekers may not be essential, but if Japan wants to take a part in international society the present situation must be changed.
4. Kurdish Residents in Japan
During the autumn semester, my study was focused on the Kurdish residents in Japan, who are asylum seekers here. I chose this community as I have had heard about them in Georgia. In Georgia, Kurdish people were not welcomed as immigrants, which may be the same in Japan. I got interested in why they are in several countries and how they are living in different atmospheres. Kurdish people are the biggest ethnic minority group (an ethnic group without a nation state of their own) in the world. Their population is said to be around 35 million, as big as the Canadian or Iraqi populations. Kurdish people live in several countries in the Middle East, including Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. Before the first world war, they lived in the territory of Ottoman Empire, which collapsed and divided into a lot of nations. Kurdish people have been having conflicts with other ethnic groups for long time. On 25th of September 2017, the referendum for the Kurdish independence in Iraq was held. The result was in favor of establishing an independent Kurdistan, but Turkey and other neighboring countries didn’t accept the result. As a result, the overnment of the Kurdish Region in Iraq had a big dispute with Iraqi government, which caused the leader to resign. There has also been a long struggle for Kurdish independence in Turkey and harsh repression of that. These political conflicts cause some Kurdish people not to be able to stay in their country. (BBC, Wikipedia, 日本クルド友好協会)
It’s not well known that there are Kurdish people living in Japan. They are Turkish Kurdish people who were living in in small villages in the southeast of Turkey. As the conflict between Kurdish groups and national government expanded, they felt their lives were in danger. Sources on the internet like “Wikipedia” say that there are around 1300 Kurdish residents in Japan, but a volunteer I met at a support organization for Kurdish refugees feels that there are more than 2000 people. As Kurdish people are mostly undocumented, it is really difficult to find out the current situation of their life. These people are mostly living in Kawaguchi City and Warabi City in Saitama, which has led to the use on the Internet of the word “Warabistan” to refer to arrea where Kurdish groups have settled. It seems that there was no particular reason for choosing this location. The first Kurdish person to arrive in Japan and his family moved here, and people arriving after themjoined them in a process of chain migration and built the Kurdish community in this intercultural city. They also said that they didn’t have a strong reason to choose Japan. They came to Japan because it was possible for Turkish nationals to enter without a visa. (Reuters, NBC, BBC, Aljazeera, Wikipedia, 日本クルド友好協会,日本語教室,毎日新聞2017.12.6号)
Kurdish people are “asylum seekers” and are not accepted as “refugees” in Japan. While refugees have almost same rights as the permanent residents, asylum seekers face lot of limits. Many Kurdish asylum seekers are now on provisional release（仮放免）and many have been in a detention center. While some asylum seekers have provisional stay status（仮滞在) and can work, people on provisional release do not have a permission to find a job, which makes their life harder. The addresses of those who are on provisional release written on the citizen cards show that they are asylum seekers, as it is stated that they are living in “detention center”. “This written address disturbs young boys who want to find part time jobs” said Emine, the mother of three teenagers. The situation causes people to work illegally. BBC News reports that Kurdish men are mainly working as wreckers who take part in the demolition of houses. In fact, they receive lower wages than regular Japanese laborers. Working at construction sites is sometimes dangerous, but Kurdish people on provisional release cannot join any health insurance schemes in Japan. When they get sick or have any type of injury, they mainly have to pay by themselves which is very expensive. (BBC, NBC, 日本語教室)
I visited the “Japanese language class” organized by the Japanese-Kurdish Friendship Association, as a volunteer. The class is held almost every week for two hours in Shibakouminkan, Kawaguchi City. Although, the name of class, suggests teaching “Japanese”, Kurdish children bring their own studying materials to get help with them from adults. Some want to study Japanese, some prefer mathematics, and some hope to learn English even though they have not started studying in school. Many of them bring Kumon materials, which have been recommended to their parents by Komuro-san, the lead volunteer of the class, who is the main organizer and communicates with the Kurdish mothers. Usually, there are four or five children and seven or eight adults (volunteers, organizers, parents). I joined the class four times (on 10/14, 11/19, 12/2, 12/16). I mainly helped two girls, cousins named Havie and Asmin. After my third visit, Havie then invited me to her house for dinner. They told me about their recent lives and their life styles in Turkey. They are very good at speaking Japanese, but they have a little difficulty in their studies such as understanding Japanese textbooks alone without the help of parents. Children talk to their parents mainly in Japanese and Kurdish (or Turkish) and parents can use Kurdish (or Turkish) mainly, which sometimes is confusing and makes it difficult to understand each other. When the mother and child understand different languages as their mother tongue, the communication within the family is often not enough. They also find it hard to remember Kanji. This problem, that the style of studying at school makes them feel uncomfortable, can be the same for all immigrant children. Unlike most Japoanese children, Kurdish children often do not go onto high school and instead start working when they finish junior high school. Children and even some of the parents give up early trying to get a good education for their future. They think going to high school or getting good grades has no meaning or benefits for their lifestyles. Nevertheless, in the newspaper (毎日新聞) of 7th December, there was an article about a Kurdish girl who was the first one to go to a Japanese university. In addition, Komuro-san told me that now children are feeling more positive about having an education at school. Now, the biggest generation in this community are teenagers and children. They are studying in school like other Japanese, which makes them simply think that they can get the same careers as others.
During the autumn semester, I also visited some events related with my research: the “Human Library” held in Gakugei University and Kalakasan Christmas party. The Japanese class of Kalakasan is taking a similar approach to the class at the Japanese-Kurdish Freindship Assocaition. At the Christmas party, it was surprising that more than thirty people came to celebrate. Kumagaya-san (the leader of the supporters) told me about some details of their life style. For example, there are different situations in the community like some children can almost not talk Japanese and some are like general Japanese children. The needed supports are also different between these gaps. They are looking for volunteers for organizing classes and supporting parents in language, as they generally don't have enough. Besides, they need help for the charity events of church like serving foods for poor people.(セカンドハーヴェスト)
Diversity and Equality in Japanese Society 2017HumanLibrary was organized by Oka-sensei, one of the volunteers at the Kurdish language class. The event took place on 12/10. There were people (books) who belong to the several minority groups. I listened (read) to Gurjan and Yasmin, and Minami Michiko-san. Gurjan is a young Kurdish lady, who I had met a few times at the class in Kawaguchi City. At first she told us about herself and her family’s story in Turkey. Gurjan was living in the small village in Turkey, until her brother was restricted by the national army for having a flag of Kurdistan in his rucksack. After that, she and her family felt fear to continue living in their village and decided to come to Japan where her relative had been. After that Yasmin said how hard it is to be held in the detention center. While Kurdish people are not “criminals (meaning that they had done nothing illegal except to stay 'illegally')”, they have to share a room with foreign criminals in the detention center. The shortage of basic goods, lack of adequate medical cares, private rooms and spaces, and difficulties with obtaining permission for visits make detainees feel tired and heavily stressed. It was first time for me to learn about the difference of 特定活動 (staying with residence－have a right to work), 仮釈放(staying without residence – no rights for work and education)・仮滞在 (staying with residence – no right for work). It is significant that mostly it is not explaned why the person is putted to his or her position. Sometimes the wife and husband have a different rights of living. Yasmin also talked about the difficulty of Japanese cultural relations. “Calling other mothers with the children name like Ayachann-mama or Taichikun-mama is very strange and uncomfortable”, she said. These are cultural issues which Japanese cannot notice without the foreign eyes. At the Human Library event, I also listened to Minami-san and Airin. Minami-san is the member the “Pinatto (Partnership with International Neighbors And Tomodachi)”, the group in Mitaka supporting children, who have foreign routes. Minami-san is the volunteer of the language school Pinatto organizes, and Airin is one of her student. They told us how hard it is to support children in attending school, when the mother doesn’t know Japanese language or culture. This was the same problem for Kurdish mothers. Japanese schools have a large amounts of written information which need responses from parents. These are usually written in difficult Japanese, like Kanji or Keigo. Foreign parents always need to contact the volunteer staff to ask which part of the information is important and which is not. Support groups ask the school to write the basic information simply, like the dates and the name of events, which is enough information, in another language like in English or other particular languages related to the foreign student.
These are issues for Kurdish residents in Japan, which I felt from my research are essential to be solved to have a stable life in Japan. Some of them need governmental measures and some of them can be effected by volunteers and ordinary people.
§ Work – Illegal labour, both undocumented and irregular (working for construction, cheap salaries, ignored by local governments, difficulty of finding jobs for women, )
§ Relations － With Japanese people (culture differences, garbage arguments, security fears, nationalistic thoughts, common sense differences)
§ Relations － Between Kurds (differences of religions, conflicts between families, village differences)
§ Legal issues －Jobs, Marriage, Nationality of children, Government support, Residence visa
§ Education － Study at school (to learn in Japanese, understanding school rules, bullying problems, communication with friends, studying levels, relations with parents, tertiary level education like universities, the fees for school, confusing entrance procedures)
§ Motivation － for studying, for adults (Japanese studies, only using the mother tongue, living in only their community)
5. Conclusion
In Zemi2017, I studied about “immigrant working issues”, “refugee current situation in Japan, and “specific foreign community in Japan: Kurdish community”. Till I researched about these basic information, I have never imagined that there were so many troubles and issues related with migrants and refugees in Japan. In fact, many of Japanese do not feel these issues close to them. None of my friends even knew about the Kurdish community, while more than thousand people are living near Tokyo. To solve the issues I wrote above, it is essential to get a support from the public opinion. The certain information of facts have to be known. Another significant issue is with the person concerned. For instance, as I wrote above, some of asylum seekers tend to give up their careers and comfortable lives as they don’t feel well now. It is a little issue, that only regular families join the Japanese class, not new members. To make people increase their motivation, it may be small that others can do. Only preparing for their support and telling them about that is what we need to do.
Studying about this topic for year, I got more and more interested with diversity issues connected to foreign routs. Next year, studying international laws, I’m planning to take some classes related to migrating issues. Besides, if I will be able to study in Sheffield University, I’ll essentially take lectures about diversity and globalization. As I want to work globally as a member of diplomatic corps, studies in this zemi have strongly influenced me to choose the field I want to be engaged in.
6. References
pictures:
https://mainichi.jp/articles/20160321/k00/00e/040/156000c
http://wag-study-abroad.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/foreigners-in-japan.png
Spring: Immigration, Refugees, Working Issues
「Why immigrant shy japan is luring foreign workers quicktake -q –a」, Bloomberg, 2017.2.24
「How do Japanese Feel About Muslim Immigrants」, Asian Boss, 2016.10.2
「Entering Japan－ Immigration and Visa Matters」, Japan-guide.com, 2017.1.18
「Book is behind bullying of mixed-race children」, The Japan Times, 2012.4.10
「Asahi on NJ discrimination and what to do about it」, Debito.org, 2008.10.5
「The New Japanese Worker is Chinese」, Alexandra Harney, The New York Times, 2012.11.12
「Japan’s treatment of foreign workers criticized」, NPR, 2009.5.12
「Foreign trainee system said still plagued by rights abuses」, Masami Ito, The Japan Times, 2013.4.9
「The Chinese residents who call Japan home」, Rupert Wirgfield-Hayes, BBC News, 2013.8.13
「Japan took in just 28 refugees in 2016, despite record applications」, REUTERS, by Ami Miyazaki, 2017.2.9.
「Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers : what’s the difference?」, The Guardian, by Alan Travis, 2015.8.28.
「New UN High Commissioner for Refugees has Been Chosen」, Daily Stormer, 2016.1.5.
「Refugee」, Wikipedia, 2017.6.22.
「Refugees in Japan」, The Japan Times, 2008.10.12.
「Asylum seekers break record as stricter screening leave some homeless」, The Japan Times, 2012.12.11.
「Refugee crisis : how the world is reacting」, The Sydney Morning Herald, by Lia Timson, 2015.9.9.
「Firms giving refugees jobs instead of charity」, The Japan Times, by Megumi Izuka, 2013.10.25.
「Japan Immigration Detention」, Global Detention Project, 2017.7.10.
「外国人「入居断られた」４割 法務省調査、就職拒否も25％」(40% of foreigners say "we were refused to live in", refuses of working has been 25%) , 日経新聞, 2017.4.5.
「日本に住むブラジル人が抱える問題」(the issues Brazilians living in Japan have), 日本ブラジル中央協会, 2014.
「外国人労働者問題に係る各国の政策・実態調査研究事業」(the policies of each nations related with foreign labour issues and the actual condition of it), 三井情報開発, 2005.3
「外国人の労働問題」(the job issues of foreigners), 社長のための労働相談, 2017.5.12
「シリア難民はいま」, (current situation of Syrian refugees), 難民支援協会 2017.1.19.
「「国を逃げ出して、家もお金も失った」シリア人４名「難民認定」求めて日本政府を提訴」("running out of our country, losing both our home and money" 4 Syrian refugees taking their application for refugees to the court) 弁護士ドットコム 2015.3.17.
「難民受け入れをめぐって東西に分裂するＥＵ」(EU disunited to east and west concerned the situation of receiving refugees ), 渡邊 啓貴, 日経ビジネス 2015.9.4.
「在留外国人（地域別）」(foreigners in Japan by regions), 都道府県データランキング, 2013.
「難民認定制度」(refugee recognition system), 「在留資格一覧表」(the list of status of residence),入国管理局 2017.7.10.
「永住許可に関するガイドライン」「難民認定申請」, 法務省 2017.7.10.
「在留外国人統計」(the statistics of foreigners in Japan), 法務省, 2017.1.15.
Autumn: Refugees, Kurdish group, Diversity, Child Education
「Storms gather as Iraq’s Kurds Vote for Independence」, TIME (journal), 2017.10.9.
「A top 10 for non-Japanese parents considering local schools」, the japan times,
「Meet Asylum seekers who are building Japan’s roads, despite being banned fromworking」, Independent, 2016
「Special Report: Banned from working, asylum seekers are building Japan's roads」, Reuters, 2016.8.9.
「Iraqi Kurdistan Profile- timeline」, BBS news. 2017.9.18.
「Iraqi Kurdistan is holding anindependence referendum」,by alexander smith, NBC news, 2017.9.25.
「Banned from working, asylum seekers arebuilding Japan's roads and sewers」, Reuters, 2016.8.8.
「Turks and Kurds clash in Japan over Turkeyelections」, ALJAZEERA, 2015.10.26.
「Kurdish leader and ex-Iraqi presidentJahal Talabani dies: state TV」, Reuters, 2017.10.3.
「教育におけるJSLカリキュラム-小学校編」「帰国・外国人児童生徒教育等に関する施策概要」, 文部科学省, 2017.12.
「外国人児童・生徒用日本語テキスト」, 東京都教育委員会, 2009.3.
「高等学校教育の現状」,文部科学省, 2017.1.15.
「クルド人」(Kurds),「在日クルド人」(Kurds in Japan), 「Iraqi Kurdistan」「Kurds in Georgia」Wikipedia, 2017.9.27.
「教えて！池上さん 旬なトピック クルド人、なぜ独立要求？」(popular topic by Mr. Ikegami: why Kurdish people claim independence?)毎日新聞、2017.11.2.
「在日クルド人編 １３００人が生活、埼玉「ワラビスタン 学び伝えて地域に馴染む」、毎日新聞、2016.1.24.
「イラク・タラバニ前大統領死去 クルド民族自治に尽力」(Talabani, the ex-president of Iraq: work hard for Kurdish independence), 産経新聞、 2017.10.4.
「赤ケバブ、青ケバブの熾烈な客引き…全国初の摘発で仁義なき“六本木ケバブ戦争”に幕？」(the vicious taut competition between restaurants of Kebab in Roppongi: First time prosecuted), 産経ニュース, 2017.7.5.
「「難民なのは大変。いつ入管に拘束されるかわからない」クルド人夫婦・コミュニティーを訪ねて」("hard to be a refugee, can be anytime restricted by the immigration bureau" visiting Kurdish couple and community), ハフィントンポスト, 2017.7.8.
「エルドアン大統領、アメリカのテレビ局のインタビューに答える」(president Erdogan answering to the interview of the US TV), TRT, 2017.10.3.
「クルディスタンの独立はクルド人の悲願なのか？」(is the independence of Kurdistan the dream of Kurds?), SYNODOS, 能勢美紀, 2017.4.4.
「偽りの結婚・追いつめられるシリア難民女性」(fake marriage, Syrian women brought to bay), NHK ドキュメンタリー, 2017.6.11.
「日本に暮らすクルド人共同体「ワラビスタン」」("Warabistan": Kurdish community living in Japan), Sputnik 日本, 2016.9.17.
「実録・ワラビスタン！外国人だらけの町「蕨」に亡命クルド人が住んでいる件」(record of Warabistan, the fact that Kurdish asylum seekers living in Warabi-city, full with foreigners), 東京ＤＥＥＰ案内（ブログ）2013.10.13.
「クルド人難民Ｍさんを支援する会」(the party to support the Kurdish refugee Mr. M.), Blog, 2017.10.3.
「難民認定申請中からのビザの変更はできるのか」(is it able to change the visa type during applying for refugee), Visa Good センター, 2017.10.23.
Organizations
「多文化共生ポータルサイト」(multicultural portal website), 2017.4.
「神戸定住外国人支援センター」(Kobe foreigners friendship center), 「ＮＰＯ法人外国人就労センター」(NPO-international job training), 2017.5.
「移住連‐Solidary network with migrants Japan」2017.6.
「Tokyo Employment Service Center For Foreigners」2017.6.
「なんみんフォーラム」(refugee forum), 「ＲＥＮ 難民自立支援ネットワーク」 「ピナット」2017.
「日本クルド文化協会」(Japan-Kurdish Cultural Association), 「日本クルド学生連盟」(Japan-Kurd student federation)
「日本語教室ボランティア」(Japanese class volunteering) 「カラカサン」(Kalakasan), 2017.
「日本クルド友好協会 Japan-Kurdistan Friendship Association」2017.
「川口市」(Kawaguchi-city), 「川口市国際交流等」(Kawaguchi-city international mixes, etc.), 「蕨市」(Warabi-city), 2017.
「八重桜の会」(Yaezakurano-kai) 2017.