Resarch

1. Seismic energy, seismic source, and ground motion

  • Description:

Seismic energy is one of the most fundamental parameters for measuring the size of an earthquake; however, its estimation is still difficult and with large uncertainties. There are different methodologies to estimate, that use teleseismic or regional data, in the time or frequency domain, body waves or coda, empirical Green functions or slip distributions.

Understanding the energy released as seismic waves is critical to asses the energy budget involved in an earthquake. It may also resolve an ancient debate in seismology regarding the self-similarity character of earthquakes.

My early work (PhD thesis) was on estimation of the seismic energy, later I have focused on estimating and studying the source of various events in terms of the seismic energy they released.

I have also collaborated in several works focused on characteristics of some significant earthquakes as well as the relationship of source and ground motion.

Seismic energy for the event on 2011/12/11 (unpublished result)

  • Publications:

  1. Melgar, D., A. Ruiz-Angulo, X. Pérez-Campos, B. W. Crowell, X. Xu, E. Cabral-Cano, M. Brudzinski, L. Rodríguez-Abreu, Energetic ruptura and tsunamigenesis during the 2020 Mw 7.4 La Crucecita, Mexico earthquake, Seismol. Res. Lett., XX, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200272, 2020.

  2. Singh, S.K., S. Davuluri, X. Pérez-Campos, D. Srinivas, G. Suresh, G. Suresh, R. Kumar Chadha, Seismic wave amplification in the central Indo-Gangetic Plains, India, estimated from the ratio of soft to hard site source spectrum, J. Seismol., 24, 679-692, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-020-09931-6, 2020.

  3. Salgado-Gálvez, M.A., M. Ordaz, B. Huerta, S.K. Singh, Xyoli Pérez-Campos, Simple rules for choosing fault planes in almost real-time post-event earthquake loss assessments, Natural Hazards, 104(1), 639-658, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04184-5, 2020.

  4. Singh, S.K., X. Pérez-Campos, V. H. Espíndola, A. Iglesias, L. Quintanar, An intraslab earthquake at a depth of 100 km in the subducting Cocos plate beneath Nevado de Toluca volcano, Geofísica Internacional, 59(1), 5-12, 2020.

  5. Plata-Martínez, R., X. Pérez-Campos, S.K. Singh, Spatial distribution of radiated seismic energy of three aftershocks sequences at Guerrero, Mexico subduction zone, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 109(6), 2556-2566, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190104, 2019.

  6. Montalvo-Arrieta, J.C., X. Pérez-Campos, L. Ramirez-Guzman, R.L. Sosa-Ramírez, M. Contreras Ruiz-Esparza, M. Leonardo-Suárez, Macroseismic Intensities from the Puebla-Morelos Earthquake of 19 September 2017 (Mw 7.1), Seismol. Res. Lett., 90(6), 2142-2153, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190145, 2019.

  7. Singh, S.K., R. Plata-Martínez, X. Pérez-Campos, V.H. Espíndola, D. Arroyo, Evidence of directivity during the earthquakes of 8 and 10 May 2014 (Mw6.5, 6.1) in the Guerrero seismic gap and some implications, J. Seismol., 23, 683-697, https://doi.org/10.1009/sl0950-019-09829-y, 2019.

  8. Sahakian, V.J., D. Melgar, L. Quintanar, L. Ramirez-Guzmán, X. Pérez-Campos, A. Baltay, Ground Motions from the 7 and 19 September 2017 Tehuantepec and Puebla-Morelos, Mexico Earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 108(6), 3300-3312, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180108, 2018.

  9. Singh, S.K., E. Reinoso, D. Arroyo, M. Ordaz, V. Cruz-Atienza, X. Pérez-Campos, A. Iglesias, Deadly Intraslab Mexico Earthquake of 19 September 2017 (Mw7.1): Ground Motions and Damage Pattern in Mexico City, Seismol. Res. Lett., 89(6), 2193-2203, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180159, 2018.

  10. Montalvo-Arrieta J.C., X. Pérez-Campos, I. Navarro de León, E.G. Paz-Martínez, J.A. Salinas-Jasso, L.G. Ramos-Zuñiga, J.A. Ramírez-Fernández, El Cuchillo seismic sequence of October 2013 – June 2014 in the Burgos Basin, northeastern Mexico: Hydraulic fracturing or reservoir-induced seismicity?, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 108(5B), 3092-3106, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180165, 2018.

  11. Melgar, D., A. Ruiz-Angulo, E.S. Garcia, M. Manea, V.C. Manea, X. Xu, M.T. Ramirez-Herrera, J. Zavala-Hidalgo, J. Geng, N. Corona, X. Pérez-Campos, E. Cabral-Cano, L. Ramírez-Guzmán, Deep embrittlement and complete rupture of the lithosphere during the M w 8.2 Tehuantepec earthquake, Nature Geosciences, 11(12), 955-960, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-022-9-y, 2018.

  12. Rodríguez-Pérez, Q., V.H. Márquez-Ramírez, R. Zúñiga, R. Plata-Martínez, X. Pérez-Campos, The Mexican earthquake source parameter database: a new resource for earthquake physics and seismic hazard analyses in Mexico, Seismol. Res. Lett., 89(5), 1846-1862, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170250, 2018.

  13. Córdoba-Montiel, F., S.K. Singh, A. Iglesias, X. Pérez-Campos y K. Sieron, Estimation of ground motion in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico during the 1920 (M~6.4) crustal earthquake, and some significant intraslab earthquakes of last century, Geofísica Internacional, 57(2), 89-106, 2018.

  14. Melgar, D., X. Pérez-Campos, L. Ramirez-Guzman, Z. Spica, V.H. Espíndola, W.C. Hammond, E. Cabral-Cano, Bend Faulting at the Edge of a Flat Slab During the 2017 Mw7.1 Puebla-Morelos, Mexico Earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45(6), 2563-2565, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076895, 2018.

  15. Srinagesh, D., S.K. Singh, G. Suresh, D. Srinivas, X. Pérez-Campos y G. Suresh, A study of Guptkashi, Uttarakhand earthquake of 6 February 2017 (Mw5.3) in the Himalayan Arc and implications for ground-motion estimation, J. Seismol., 22(3), 789-803, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-018-9732-2, 2018.

  16. Singh, S.K., D. Srinagesh, D. Srinivas, D. Arroyo, X. Pérez-Campos, R. K. Chadha, G. Suresh, y G. Suresh, Characteristics of Ground Motion in the Indo-Gangetic Plains during the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake Sequence and Construction of a Ground Motion Prediction Equation for the Region, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 107(3), 1293-1306, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160222, 2017.

  17. Singh, S.K., D. Arroyo, X. Pérez-Campos, A. Iglesias, V.H. Espindola, y L. Ramírez, Guadalajara, Mexico, earthquake sequence of December 2015 and May 2016: source, Q, and ground motions, Geofísica Internacional, 56(2), 173-186, 2017.

  18. Montalvo-Arrieta, J.C., R.L. Sosa-Ramírez y X. Pérez-Campos, Evaluation of macroseismic intensities in Mexico from recent earthquakes using ¿Sintió un sismo?, Geofísica Internacional, 56(1), 27-36, 2017.

  19. UNAM Seismology Group, Papanoa, México earthquake if 18 April 2014 (Mw7.2), Geofisica Internacional, 54(4), 363-386, 2015.

  20. Singh, S.K., J.F. Pacheco, X. Pérez-Campos, M. Ordaz, E. Reinoso, The 6 September 1997 (Mw4.5) Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlan, Veracruz, Mexico earthquake: implications for tectonics and seismic hazard of the region, Geofísica Internacional, 54(3), 289-298, 2015.

  21. Singh, S. K., M. Ordaz, X. Pérez-Campos y A. Iglesias, Intraslab versus Interplate Earthquakes as Recorded in Mexico City: Implications for Seismic Hazard, Earthquake Spectra, 31(2), 795-812, https://doi.org/10.1193/110612EQS324M, 2015.

  22. Singh, S.K., V. Hjörleifsdóttir, G. Suresh, D. Srinagesh, R.K. Chadha y X. Pérez-Campos, The Unusual Bay of Bengal Earthquake of 21 May 2014 (Mw6.1), Seismol. Res. Lett., 86, 783-793 https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140238, 2015.

  23. Singh, S.K., Iglesias, A., Pérez-Campos, X., Quintanar, L., Ordaz, M., Reply to “Comment on ‘Estimation of ground motion in Mexico City from a repeat of the M ∼ 7:0 Acambay earthquake of 1912’ by S. K. Singh, A. Iglesias, M. Ordaz, X. Pérez-Campos, and L. Quintanar” by M. Suter, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 104 (5), 2565, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140217, 2014.

  24. Singh, S.K., X. Pérez-Campos, V.H. Espíndola, V. M. Cruz-Atienza, y A. Iglesias, Intraslab earthquake of 16 June 2013 (Mw5.9), one of the closest such events to Mexico City, Seismol. Res. Lett., 85, 268-277, doi: 10.1785/0220130179, 2014.

  25. UNAM Seismology Group, Ometepec-Pinotepa Nacional, Mexico Earthquake of 20 March 2012 (Mw7.5): A Preliminary Report, Geofísica Internacional, 52(2), 173-196, 2013.

  26. Singh, S. K., A. Iglesias, M. Ordaz, X. Pérez-Campos, y L. Quintanar, Estimation of Ground Motion in Mexico City from a Repeat of the Acambay Earthquake of 1912 (M~7.0), Bull. Seismolog. Soc. Am., 101(5), 2015–2028, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100317, 2011.

  27. UNAM Seismogy Group, Intraslab Mexican earthquakes of 27 April 2009 (Mw5.8) and 22 May 2009 (Mw5.6): a source and ground motion study, Geofísica Internacional, 49(3), 153-163, 2010.

  28. Singh, S. K., M. Ordaz, J. F. Pacheco, L. Alcántara, A. Iglesias, S. Alcocer, D. García, X. Pérez-Campos, C. Valdes, y D. Almora, A Report on the Atoyac, Mexico, Earthquake of 13 April 2007 (Mw 5.9), Seismol. Res. Lett., 78(6), 635-648, 2007.

  29. Singh, S. K., A. Iglesias, R. S. Dattatrayam, B. K. Bansal, S. S. Rai, X. Perez-Campos, G. Suresh, P. R. Baidya y J. L. Gautam, Muzaffarabad earthquake of 8 October 2005 (Mw 7.6): A preliminary report on source characteristics and recorded ground motions, Current Science, 91(5), 689-695, 2006.

  30. Singh, S.K., R. S. Dattatrayam, G. Suresh, A. Iglesias, B. K. Bansal, X. Pérez, M. Ordaz, H. K. Gupta, P. R. Baidya, J. K. Gautam, G. Kumar, y R. K Singh, The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 2004: Regional broadband seismograms from India, Seismol. Res. Lett., 76, 684-692, 2005.

  31. Singh, S. K., J. F. Pacheco, B. K. Bansal, X. Pérez-Campos, R. S. Dattatrayam, y G. Suresh, A source study of Bhuj, India, earthquake of 26 January, 2001 (Mw=7.6), Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 94, 1195-1206, 2004.

  32. Pérez-Campos, X., J.: McGuire y G. C. Beroza, Resolution of the slow earthquake/high apparent stress paradox for oceanic transform fault earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res.; 108, B9, 2444, doi:10.1029/2002JB002312, 2003.

  33. Pérez-Campos, X., S. K. Singh y G. C. Beroza, Reconciling regional and teleseismic estimates of seismic energy, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.; 93, 2123-2130, 2003.

  34. Pérez-Campos, X., y G. C. Beroza, An apparent mechanism dependence of radiated seismic energy, J. Geophys. Res.; 106, 11,127-11,136, 2001

2. Earth structure

  • Description:

I started working on this topic on my postdoctoral time at Caltech. The main goal is to get the crust and mantle structure under Mexico. With this in mind, I coordinated two large seismic experiments in Mexico. The first one took place in central Mexico, 100 broad band stations were installed along a line between Acapulco at the Pacific to Tempoal, close to the Gulf of Mexico. This experiment is known as MASE and it was in collaboration with Caltech and UCLA. The second experiment took place along the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, 46 stations were installed as part of this experiment, named VEOX. I have also worked with data from the NARS-Baja experiment that took place around the Gulf of California.

  • Publications:

  1. Pérez-Campos X., y R. W. Clayton, Interaction of Cocos and Rivera plates with the upper mantle transition zone underneath Central Mexico, Geophysical Journal International, doi: 10.1093/gji/ggu087, 2014.

  2. Pérez-Campos, X., R. W. Clayton, Evidence of upper mantle processes related to continental rifting versus oceanic crust in the Gulf of California, Geophys. J. Int., in press, 2013.

  3. Ramos-Zúñiga, L. G., J. C. Montalvo-Arrieta, X. Pérez-Campos, C. Valdés-González, Seismic characterization of station LNIG as a reference site in Northeast Mexico, Geofísica Internacional, 51(2), 187-197, 2012.

  4. Melgar, D. y X. Pérez-Campos, Imaging the Moho and subducted oceanic crust at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, from receiver functions, Pageoph, 168, 1449-1460, DOI 10.1007/s00024-010-0199-5, 2011.

  5. Iglesias, A., R. W. Clayton, X. Pérez-Campos, S. K. Singh, J. F. Pacheco, D. García y C. Valdés, S-Wave velocity for a profile crossing Central Mexico by using high resolution surface wave tomography, J. Geophys. Res. 115(6), art. no. B06307, 2010.

  6. Song, T. H., D. V. Helmberger, M. R. Brudzinski, R. W. Clayton, P. Davis, X. Pérez-Campos, y S. K. Singh, Subducting slab ultra-slow velocity layer coincident with silent earthquakes in southern Mexico, Science, 324, 502-506, 2009.

  7. Pérez-Campos, X., Y. Kim, A. Husker, P. Davis, R. Clayton, A. Iglesias, J. F. Pacheco, S. K. Singh, V. C. Manea y M. Gurnis, Horizontal subduction and truncation of the Cocos plate beneath Central Mexico, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18303, doi:10.1029/2008GL035127, 2008.

  8. Persaud, P., X. Pérez-Campos y R. Clayton, Crustal Thickness Variations in the Margins of the Gulf of California from Receiver Functions, Geophys. J. Int., 170(2), 687-699, 2007.

3. Early warning

  • Description:

Early warning can be the difference between none to few life losses and a massive disaster. If people is well informed and educated on the topic, few seconds might save their lives. Various algorithms have been developed in the last 30 years for earthquake early warning (EEW). In Mexico, an EEW system has been opperating for a coupple of decades now. However, we don't have a tsunami early warning. Given the possibility of a tsunamigenc earthquake in Mexico, and the increase in population and turist along the Mexican Pacific beaches, a tsunami early warning is imperious. On one hand, I study the source parameters that might led to a tsunami earthquake discriminant, and on the other, I am part of a group that is designing a fast, easy and robust algorithm based on GPS static displacements.

  • Publications:

  1. Pérez-Campos, X., D. Melgar, S. K. Singh, V. Cruz-Atienza, A. Iglesias, V. Hjörleifsdóttir, Rapid estimation of fault parameters for tsunami warning along the Mexican subduction zone: A scenario earthquake in the Guerrero seismic gap, Seismol. Res. Lett., in press, 2013.

  2. Singh, S. K., X. Pérez-Campos, A. Iglesias, D. Melgar, A Method for Rapid Estimation of Moment Magnitude for Early Tsunami Warning Based on Coastal GPS Networks, Seismol. Res. Lett., 83(3), 516-530, 2012

  3. Singh, S. K., X. Pérez-Campos, A. Iglesias y J. F. Pacheco, A strategy for rapid estimation of critical source parameters of great subduction-zone earthquakes of Mexico, Geofísica Internacional, 47(4), 355-369, 2008.

4. Miscellaneous

  • Publications:

  1. Singh, S.K., G. Suresh, H.P. Shukla, S. Martin, J. Havskov, X. Pérez-Campos, R.S. Dattatrayam, A. Iglesias, Delhi 1960 earthquake: epicentre, depth, and magnitude, Current Science, 105(8), 1155-1165, 2013.

  2. Singh, S. K., M. Ordaz, X. Pérez-Campos y A. Iglesias, Intraslab versus Interplate Earthquakes as Recorded in Mexico City: Implications for Seismic Hazard, Earthquake Spectra, en prensa, doi: 10.1193/110612EQS324M, 2014.

  3. Singh, S. K., A. Iglesias, M. Ordaz, X. Pérez-Campos, y L. Quintanar, Estimation of Ground Motion in Mexico City from a Repeat of the Acambay Earthquake of 1912 (M~7.0), Bull. Seismolog. Soc. Am., 101(5), 2015–2028, doi: 10.1785/0120100317, 2011.

  4. Payero, J. S., V. Kostoglodov, N. Shapiro, T. Mikumo, A. Iglesias, X. Perez-Campos, and R. W. Clayton, Non-volcanic tremor observed in the Mexican subduction zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L07305, doi:10.1029/2007GL032877, 2008.

  5. Clayton, R. W., J. Trampert, C. Rebollar, J. Ritsema, P. Persaud, H. Paulssen, X. Pérez-Campos, A. van Wettum, A. Pérez-Vertti y F. DiLuccio, The NARS-Baja seismic array in the Gulf of California rift zone, MARGINS Newsletter, 13, 1-4, 2004.

  6. Marín, L., X. Pérez y E. Rangel, Comparison of three surveying techniques applied to hydrogeological studies: level, barometer, and GPS, Geofísica Internacional, 37, 127-129, 1998.