Ecology Quiz

Ecology Quiz 2

Karl von Linne

-In the 1700's Linne also known as Carolus Linnaeus created the binomial naming system for organisms that we use today

-He gave animals a Genus and Species name (binomial name) and when animals fit with other groups based on their characteristics he placed them in an even larger Taxon

A taxon is a grouping

Domain is the largest of the Taxon

There are 3

Eubacteria

Archaea

Eukarya

-Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotes

-A Prokaryote has no nucleus and a Eukaryote has a nucleus

-All prokaryotes are single celled organisms

-Eukaryotes can be single celled or multicellular

-The single celled Eukaryotes are called Protists

There are 4 kingdoms of Eukarytes

Animalia

Plantae

Fungi

Protista

In Zoology we only study the Kingdom Animalia

-Within the kingdom of animalia there are around 35 phyla. We will be studying the most common 9 of them

Animal Systematics is the process of arranging animals into groups to reflect their evolutionary relationship

-Now that DNA sequincing has become common animal systematics is constantly changing due to new DNA evidence

-Systematics uses phylogenetic trees

-A phylogenetic tree is a chart that shows the evolutionary development of traits and as a result shows the evolutionary relationship between organisms. Here are some phylogenetic trees of the phyla we will be studying

Phylogenetic trees can be as detailed as you need them to be.

Within systematics and creating phylogenetic trees there is the study of Cladistics

-Cladistics is a process of creating taxonomical groups called Clades

-A Clad is a group that shares a derived characteristic

Monophyletic vs Paraphyletic

-Monophyletic is when a clad includes all of its most recent ancestors

-Paraphyletic is missing an ancestor and is therefor not accurate

The phylogeny of the great apes