Day 19 Cellular Respiration
Class Activity:
Everyone is going to come to the white board at the same time and write an answer to these questions. Answer the first question then sit back down. We will discuss the answers as a class then come up and answer the next question.
-What does the human body need?
-What does cellular respiration need in order to function
-What is the main function of the respiratory system?
-What is the function of your heart?
-Why do we die as soon as the heart stops?
-Why do we need to breath?
-What do fish breath?
Time for some exercise!
-We need a team of three
-One person is going to hop up and down continuously
-One person is going to read that person's pulse and oxygen percentage
-The third person is going to write the data on the board
-The rest of the class is going to write down the results
-We will then graph the results and analyze them
Glycolysis
Watch this animation first. Then read the steps below and see if they make sense.
Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis
-Two parts
-Glucose activation
-Energy Harvesting
Glucose Activation
-Two phosphates are added to the glucose molecule (Phosphorylation)
-The two phosphates come from 2 ATP's
-The phosphorylated glucose molecule is called fructose bisphosphate
-Because fructose bisphosphate is unstable it breaks apart into two G3P's
-G3P stands for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
-The 3 is because of the number of carbons it has
Energy Harvesting
-The 2 G3P's lose their high energy phosphates releasing two ATP's each
-Because their is 4 ATP's made and 2 ATP's used during the activation process we say there is a net gain of 2 ATP
-The two G3P's that lost their phosphates are now called pyruvate
-The goal of glycolysis is to make the two pyruvates so they can enter the mitochondria
Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise
First watch this animation and then read the steps below. See if the steps make sense to you
Cellular Respiration: The Citric Acid Cycle
-In order to enter the mitochondria and begin cellular respiration there must be oxygen present
-If there is oxygen present the process is known as aerobic respiration
-If there is no oxygen present then the pyruvate cannot enter the mitochondria
The Krebs Cycle
-The Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle
-Because citrate (the ionized form of citric acid) is the first molecule produced in the cycle
-First stage of aerobic respiration
-Pyruvate is split to form CO2 and an acetyl group
-The acetyl group attaches to CoA (Co-Enzyme A) to make acetyl CoA
-Acetyl CoA enters the Mitochondria along with the NADH that was produced from glycolysis
-Second Stage: The Krebs Cycle
-Acetyl CoA donates its acetyl group to the four carbon molecule oxaloacetate, forming citrate
-CoA is now released and done
-H2O donates a Hydrogen to the CoA molecule and oxygen to the citrate
-Citrate is rearranged to form isocitrate
-Isocitrate forms Alpha-ketoglutarate by releasing CO2
-Two Two electrons and a H+ are captured by HAD+ to make NADH
-Alpha-Ketoglutarate forms succinate by releasing CO2
-Two new energetic electrons and a H+ are captured by another NAD+ to make another NADH
-And additional energy is captured in an ATP
-At this point all three carbons from the pyruvate have been released as CO2
-Succinate is converted to malate, which contains two additional hydrogens and one additional oxygen from H2O
-Malate is converted to oxaloacetate
-Two more energetic electrons and a H+ are captured by NAD+ to make another NADH
-At the end of all that a total of 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 have been created
-This is the main source of ATP
-The NADH and FADH2 are going to transport H+ through the mitochondrial matrix so they can create a H+ concentration gradient.
-Through the process of chemiosmosis the H+ are going to push through the ATP synthase generating the majority of ATP
Watch this detailed explanation of cellular respiration. Take notes and plan to watch the video more than once.
The Electron Transpot Chain, Chemiosmosis and ATP generation
Watch this animation to help you understand the process of chemiosmosis
Homework:
Make sure you have watched and understood all of these animations
Cellular Respiration: The Big Picture
Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis
Micro and Macro Lesson (10pts)
What is the micro-lesson of cellular respiration and what is the Macro-lesson of cellular respiration?
-The Micro-lesson is the process of cellular respiration. It is the things we learned in class and from our textbook.
-The Macro-lesson is how cellular respiration relates to every day life. It is the bigger picture outside of the classroom.
Write one paragraph on the micro-lesson worth 5pts and one paragraph on the macro-lesson worth 5pts.
Micro and Macro Lesson Video (10pts)
Film yourself talking to your cellphone camera (Vlog style) explain what cellular respiration is and how it works (Micro lesson) and then explain how that relates to your everyday life (Macro lesson). Talk about why or why not biology teachers should teach cellular respiration in high school. As always...BE CREATIVE!