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Enjoy this episode of story time with Mr. Bird.
Cells
Cells
Cell Theory
Cell Theory
-Every living organism is made up of one or more cells
-The smallest living organisms are single cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms
-All cells arise from preexisting cells
Watch this video on The Cell Theory and the two types of cells . Take notes and make sure you under stand the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote.
Cells
Cells
There are two types of cells in the world
Prokaryotes
-Prokaryotes have no nucleus and no double membrane inclosed organelles
-All prokaryotes are single celled organisms. A prokaryote cannot be multicellular
-Bacteria and Archaea are the only prokaryotes
-If it is not a Bacteria or an Archaea then it is an Eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotes
-Have a nucleus that contains all the genetic information (DNA)
-Eukaryotic cells have double membrane inclosed organelles
-Eukaryotes can be single celled organisms or multicellular organisms
What is the difference between a Prokaryote and a Eukaryote?
What is the difference between a Prokaryote and a Eukaryote?
-Pro means before
-Eu means true
-Karyote means egg (in this case nucleus)
-A Prokaryote has no nucleus
-A Eukaryote has a nucleus
-Besides having no nucleus, Prokaryotic cells also do not have any double membrane bound organelles like the Eukaryotes do.
There are two domains of Prokaryotes
There are two domains of Prokaryotes
-Bacteria
-Archaea
-If a cell is not a Bacteria or an Archaea then it is a Eukaryote
Watch this quick run through of the cell organelles. This is just a fast overview. We will be going into more detail during class. Take notes and make sure you know what each of these organelles do.
Here is a fully labeled animal cell
Here is a fully labeled animal cell
Here is a fully labeled Plant cell
Here is a fully labeled Plant cell
The Organelles and their functions
The Organelles and their functions
(Memorize the name of each organelle and what it does)
(Memorize the name of each organelle and what it does)
Organelles
Organelles
Golgi Apparatus - Packages, labels, and ships anything made in the cell
Nucleus - Where genetic information is stored (DNA)
Nucleolus - Where ribosomes are made
Plasma Membrane - The membrane around a cell (phospholipid bilayer)
Mitochondria - Where ATP (cell energy is made)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER - Makes lipids and also detoxifies things
Rough ER - The location where proteins are made
Ribosomes - Makes proteins
Cytoplasm - The space in the cell between the membrane and the nucleus
Cytoskeleton - Holds the structure of the cell
Vacuole - Cell storage
Vesicle - Cell transport
Lysosome - A vesicle filled with digestive enzymes for breaking things down
Centriole - For cell division
Chloroplast - Does photosynthesis
Cell Wall - Around the membrane for protection
Flagella - A tailed used for movement
Cilia - Hair like structures for movement
Tying in evolution!
Tying in evolution!
The endosymbiosis Theory
-A predatory Prokaryote ate another prokaryote
-The prokaryote then began to live inside the other prokaryote making it the first Eukaryote
The Endosymbiosis Theory
What are some pieces of evidence that supports the Endosymbiosis Theory?
-You do not have the DNA to make mitochondria
-Mitochondria contain their own DNA
-Mitochondria copy themselves
-Because you do not gain mitochondria during the fusion of both gametes you have to receive your mitochondria DNA from your mother
-We can track our mitochondrial DNA back through all of our mothers to find the regions that our ancestors came from
Homework:
For your quiz you will be given a picture of an unlabeled cell and you will have to label all of its organelles. Under the organelle you will have to say its function in the cell.
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