Day 10 Cells
Enjoy this episode of story time with Mr. Bird.
Cells
Cell Theory
-Every living organism is made up of one or more cells
-The smallest living organisms are single cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms
-All cells arise from preexisting cells
Watch this video on The Cell Theory and the two types of cells . Take notes and make sure you under stand the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote.
Cells
There are two types of cells in the world
Prokaryotes
-Prokaryotes have no nucleus and no double membrane inclosed organelles
-All prokaryotes are single celled organisms. A prokaryote cannot be multicellular
-Bacteria and Archaea are the only prokaryotes
-If it is not a Bacteria or an Archaea then it is an Eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotes
-Have a nucleus that contains all the genetic information (DNA)
-Eukaryotic cells have double membrane inclosed organelles
-Eukaryotes can be single celled organisms or multicellular organisms
What is the difference between a Prokaryote and a Eukaryote?
-Pro means before
-Eu means true
-Karyote means egg (in this case nucleus)
-A Prokaryote has no nucleus
-A Eukaryote has a nucleus
-Besides having no nucleus, Prokaryotic cells also do not have any double membrane bound organelles like the Eukaryotes do.
There are two domains of Prokaryotes
-Bacteria
-Archaea
-If a cell is not a Bacteria or an Archaea then it is a Eukaryote
Watch this quick run through of the cell organelles. This is just a fast overview. We will be going into more detail during class. Take notes and make sure you know what each of these organelles do.
Here is a fully labeled animal cell
Here is a fully labeled Plant cell
The Organelles and their functions
(Memorize the name of each organelle and what it does)
Organelles
Golgi Apparatus - Packages, labels, and ships anything made in the cell
Nucleus - Where genetic information is stored (DNA)
Nucleolus - Where ribosomes are made
Plasma Membrane - The membrane around a cell (phospholipid bilayer)
Mitochondria - Where ATP (cell energy is made)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER - Makes lipids and also detoxifies things
Rough ER - The location where proteins are made
Ribosomes - Makes proteins
Cytoplasm - The space in the cell between the membrane and the nucleus
Cytoskeleton - Holds the structure of the cell
Vacuole - Cell storage
Vesicle - Cell transport
Lysosome - A vesicle filled with digestive enzymes for breaking things down
Centriole - For cell division
Chloroplast - Does photosynthesis
Cell Wall - Around the membrane for protection
Flagella - A tailed used for movement
Cilia - Hair like structures for movement
Tying in evolution!
The endosymbiosis Theory
-A predatory Prokaryote ate another prokaryote
-The prokaryote then began to live inside the other prokaryote making it the first Eukaryote
The Endosymbiosis Theory
What are some pieces of evidence that supports the Endosymbiosis Theory?
-You do not have the DNA to make mitochondria
-Mitochondria contain their own DNA
-Mitochondria copy themselves
-Because you do not gain mitochondria during the fusion of both gametes you have to receive your mitochondria DNA from your mother
-We can track our mitochondrial DNA back through all of our mothers to find the regions that our ancestors came from
Homework:
For your quiz you will be given a picture of an unlabeled cell and you will have to label all of its organelles. Under the organelle you will have to say its function in the cell.
