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Marine Biology Words we need to know
Marine Biology Words we need to know
Types of reproduction
Types of reproduction
-Asexual-without sex. Cloning
-Spawning- Fertilization outside of the body
Watch this short video to help get an idea of what fish spawning can look like.
Broadcast spawning- Sessile organisms spread their gametes by releasing them in the water where they drift
-Hermaphrodite- having both male and female reproductive parts
-SEX- internal fertilization
Watch this short video on the different types of reproduction. (Online Course instructions only) Create a box in your sketchbook, title it "Marine Reproduction" and take notes, write down the definition and explanation in your own words and include an image in your sketchbook.
Types of ocean organisms based on where in the ocean they spend their time
Types of ocean organisms based on where in the ocean they spend their time
Planktonic-Organisms that drift in water
Benthic-Organisms that live on the bottom
-Sessile- stuck to the bottom
Nekton-Organisms that are strong swimmers
Watch this short video on plankton, benthic, sessile, and nekton. (Online Course instructions only) Create a box in your sketchbook, title it "What is Plankton?" and take notes, write down the definitions of each and explanation in your own words and include an image in your sketchbook.
Now we are beginning to talk about organisms in the ocean. Here is how the organisms in marine bio will be organized and learned. Make a nice version of this chart to reference throughout the class.
Marine Biology Organism Outline!
Marine Biology Organism Outline!
Domain: Bacteria
Domain: Bacteria
Ex: Cyanobacteria
Domain: Eukarya
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Kingdom: Protista
Ex: Diatoms
Ex: Seaweeds (Kelp)
Kingdom: Plantae
Kingdom: Plantae
Ex: Seagrass
Ex: Mangroves
Kingdom: Animalia
Kingdom: Animalia
Phyla: Porifera
Ex: Sea Sponges
Phyla: Cnideria
Ex: Coral, Sea Anemones, Sea Jellies
Phyla: Platyhelminthes
Ex: Flat Worms
Phyla: Nematoda
Ex: Round Worms
Phyla: Nemertea:
Ex. Ribbon Worms
Phyla: Annelida
Ex: Segmented Worms
Phyla: Mollusca
Ex: Snails, Clams, Squids, Octopuses
Phyla: Arthropoda
Ex: Copepods, Crabs, Lobsters, shrimp
Phyla: Echinodermata
Ex: Sea Stars
Phyla: Chordata
Ex: Fish, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals
Domain Bacteria
Domain Bacteria
The ocean is also full of bacteria
-not all bacteria is harmful
-Cyanobacteria (Use to be called blue-green algae) is a photosynthetic bacteria. Thought to be the main contributor to ancient earths oxygen. They have a bluish photosynthetic pigment and also a reddish one.
-Can some times cause "Red Tides"
-"Red Tides" can be caused by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates (A protist)
Domain Eukarya
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Protista
Algae
Algae
-Is not a plant! No leaves, stems, or roots
-A single cellular (Seaweeds are multicellular) organism in the domain of Eukarya
-Algae is a "plant like" protist
-There is no exact definition for what algae is. Many scientist disagree on the classification.
-Some definitions are:
-Any photosynthetic organism that is not a plant
-Anything that has chlorophyll and its reproductive organs are not covered
(These two definitions include photosynthetic bacteria)
-Any photosynthetic protist (This means that algae are only Eukaryotic protists)
(This is the definition that we will use for this class)
Watch this video on algae. (Online Course instructions only) Create a box in your sketchbook, title it "What is Algae?" and take notes, write anything that is helpful for understanding Algae and include an image in your sketchbook.
-Algae can be both freshwater and saltwater
-It will grow on anything that holds still long enough
Diatoms
Diatoms
-Diatoms are single celled protists
-Their body is made of silica which is glass like
-Most are photosynthetic producing a lot of oxygen
-In order to stay floating near the surface to reach the light, diatoms produce oil that allows them to float
-Diatoms are very important to the oceans ecosystem. Many organisms eat diatoms.
Dinoflagellates
Dinoflagellates
-Two flagellum
-single cell protists
-shell made of cellulose
-Can create bio-luminescence. This is how we get blue glowing bays and tides.
These are some common Non-Algae protists in the ocean.
These are some common Non-Algae protists in the ocean.
Protozoans
Protozoans
-Animal like protists
-Forams (Forminiferans) Calcium carbonate shell or test
-Heterotrophs
Radiolarians
Radiolarians
-Large protozoans that have a glass like shell and a harpoon that they use to hunt
Ciliates
Ciliates
-Protozoa that have cilia. They are covered in hair life structures that they use for locomotion. The most common is the Paramecium
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Fungi
-There are lots of different fungi in the oceans. Most are important decomposers but some are parasitic. Fungi are an important decomposer of dropped mangrove leaves greatly contributing to the mangrove ecosystem.
-A unique symbiotic relationship is that between algae and fungi or cyanobacteria and fungi. This symbiotic relationship results in what is known as Lichens.
Watch this video on plankton. (Online Course instructions only) Create a box in your sketchbook, title it "Plankton" write down anything interesting that you might learn or any questions that you have and include an image in your sketchbook.
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