Day 4 Atoms
Atoms
This link will take you to the Khan academy page that has all of the Chemistry of Life Videos. These are only optional but if you want a more in depth explanation of chemistry you can go through these videos.
Class discussion: (In Classroom)
Turn to a partner and discuss what the word Atom means to you. What is an atom? Is everything really made up of atoms or are there some things that are not made of atoms?
This is a fun optional video about the discovery of the periodic table and an explanation of the different groups.
Watch this video on the intro to the atom. Take detailed notes. You might need to watch the video multiple times. You will be quizzes on this material.
Khan Academy Introduction to the Atom
After watching the David Bird Science Introduction to the atom video, if you want a more detailed version, you may watch this video. This video is optional.
There are three subatomic particles
-Neutron
-Protron
-Electron
-Protons have a positive (+) charge
-Neutrons have no charge
-Electrons have a negative (-) charge
The number of protons is what makes an element
-Atomic Number - how many protons the element has
-Atomic Mass - how many protons + neutrons the element has
-If you subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass you will know how many neutrons the element has
The periodic table is organized by atomic number
Watch this video on isotopes. Take detailed notes. You might need to watch the video multiple times. You will be quizzes on this material.
You can change an element's number of electrons and number of neutrons but you cant change its number of protons. If you change the number of protons you change the element.
-Isotope - different number of neutrons than protons
-Ion - different number of electrons than protons
-Ions have a charge. If they have more electrons than protons then they are negatively (-) charged. If they have less electrons than protons then they are positively (+) charged.
Electron Shell
-The first shell holds 2 electrons
-The second shell holds 8 electrons
-All atoms want to have a full outer electron shell. The last shell of an atom is called the valence electron shell and all electrons in that shell are called valence electrons
-The amount of valence electrons an atom has determines its properties and how it reacts
-The noble gases all have full valence electron shells so they do not react with anything
-Some elements will try to take electrons or get rid of electrons to fill its shell
-If an atom has less than 4 valence electrons it is easier to just get rid of them and drop down to its other shell making it a positive (+) ion
-If an atom has more than 4 valence electrons it will try to take electrons to get to 8 to become a negative (-) ion
Watch this video on valence electrons and ionic compounds. Take good notes because you will be quizzed on this material. You might have to watch it a couple of times. There is a lot of information in this short video.