Day 14 Enzymes
Enzymes
-Catalysts- A catalyst speeds up a reaction. Enzymes are a biological catalyst.
-Enzymes speed up biological chemical reactions
-They lower the activation energy
Watch this demo of the Bromelain enzyme found in pineapples.
Enzymes have an active site where the substrate binds
-Substrate- the molecule that binds to the enzyme
-Active site- the location where the substrate binds
Inhibition
Inhibition is when something blocks the activation of an enzyme
-Inhibitor- a molecule that is not the substrate that binds to the enzyme and changes its function
-Competitive inhibition- When an inhibitor binds to the activation site and blocks the substrate from binding.
-Noncompetitive inhibition- When an inhibitor binds to a site on the enzyme other than the activation site. this causes the enzyme to change shape
-Noncompetitive inhibitor site- The location on the enzyme where the noncompetitive inhibitor binds
Class Discussion:
What are allergies?
How do allergies work?
Allosteric Regulation
-Allosteric regulation is when an enzyme can be slowed down or speed up.
-Allosteric activators- bind to an allosteric site that speeds up the enzyme's production
-Allosteric inhibitors- bind to an allosteric site and stop or slow down the enzyme's productions
-Feedback inhibition- In a metabolic pathway the product is also the inhibitor. Once the pathway has created an optimal amount of the product, the product will inhibit the enzymes in the beginning of the pathway so no more products will be made
Metabolism- The sum of all chemical processes in the body
-Metabolic pathway- The steps involved in a chemical process
Bozeman Science Video on Enzymes
Bozeman Science Video on Positive and Negative Feedback Loops