Day 21 Mammals
Crow video and bird's of paradise quiz
Class Mammalia (5,400 Species)
Mammalia Characteristics
-All mammals have mammary glands which they use to feed their young milk
-Sweat
-Scent glands
-Four chambered heart
-The skin of mammals is thick and protective
-Mammals have an insulating covering of hair
-Adaptations in teeth allow mammals to explore a wide variety of food
-Efficient systems for circulation and gas exchange support the high metabolic rate associated with mammalian endothermy
-Mammal blood does not have nuclei so it can fit through small capillaries and reach more parts of the body
-Expanded cerebral cortex that processes information from various sensory structures
-Metanephritic kidneys allow urea excretion with out much water loss
-Complex behavioral patterns enhance mammalian survival
-Most mammals are viviparous for internal fertilization and fetus development
-Mammals have ear bones that allow for enhanced hearing
-The most intelligent animal on the planet is a mammal
-Live in every possible type of habitat and all over the world
Group Activity:
Get into a group of 4. On a page of your sketchbook I want you to write down the name of a mammal. Then I want you to name other mammals that you think should go into the same group as that mammal.
For example:
Horse
Zebra
Donkey
Etc...
Then name a different type of mammal and place animals in that group
Lion
Tiger
House Cat
Fill your paper with a bunch of groups. Then I want you to label the features of those animals that placed them into that group. Why did you put those animals together? For example:
Horse Hooves/ bushy tail
Zebra
Donkey
Watch this intro mammals. Create a box in your sketchbook, title it "Mammals" and take notes, write down interesting things that you learn from the video and include an image in your sketchbook. Make sure you understand the characteristics of mammals and the three different types in the video.
Groups of Mammalia
Subclass Prototheria (First Beasts)
-Are oviparous (Lay eggs)
-Have Clobaca
Infraclass Ornithodelphia
-The monotremes
-All live in Australia
-The only extant egg laying mammals
Duckbill Platypus
The Echidna
This is an optional video
Subclass Theria (Beasts)
Infraclass Metatheria
-Viviparous
-Primitive placenta
-Young are born early and then carried in a pouch that contains the nipples
-The Marsupials
Koala
Kangaroo
Opossum
Infraclass Eutheria
-Complex placenta
-Young develop to advanced stage before being born
-The Placentals
-Order Insectivora
-Small primitive mammals
-Hedgehogs, tenrecs, moles, shrews
Hedgehog
Mole
Order Chiroptera
-Cosmopolitan, but especially abundant in the tropics
-Bones of the arm and hand are elongate and slender
-Flight membranes extend from the body between digits of forelimbs to the hindlimbs
-Most are insectivores but some are fruit eaters, fish eaters, and blood feeders
-The bats
Flying Fox
California Bat
Order Carnivora
-Predatory mammals
-Usually have a highly developed sense of smell and a large braincase
-Canine teeth well developed
-Dogs, cats, bears, raccoons, minks, foxes, sea lions, seals, walruses, otters
Bear
Mink
Raccoons
This is an optional video
This is an optional video
This is an optional video
Order Perissodactyla
-Hoofed
-Axis of support passes through the third digit (their hoof is their middle finger)
-Skull usually elongated
-Primarily grazers
-Horses, rhinoceroses, zebras, tapirs
Rhino
Zebra
Order Artiodactyla
-Hoofed
-Axis of support passes between third and fourth digit (their hooves are both their middle and fourth finger)
-Grazers (Except pigs)
-Pigs, hippopotamuses, camels, antelope, deer, sheep, giraffes, cattle
Hippo
Deer
This is an optional video
Order Cetacea
-Streamlined, nearly hairless, and insulated by thick layers of fat
-Forelimbs modified into flippers
-Blowhole on top of skull
-Toothed whales and toothless whales
Dolphin
Orca
Order Xenarthra
-Incisors and canines absent
-Hindfoot has four toes
-Forelimb has three or two toes with large claws
-Anteaters, tree sloths, armadillos
Anteater
Tree Sloth
Order Lagomorpha
-Two pairs of upper incisors
-One pair of lower incisors
-Incisors do not stop growing
-Rabbits and pikas
Rabbit
Pika
Order Rodentia
-One pair of upper and lower incisors
-Incisors do not stop growing
-Squirrels, chipmunks, rats, mice, beavers, porcupines, woodchucks, lemmings
Beaver
Porcupine
Flying Squirrel
Order Primates
-Agility in arboreal habitats
-Omnivorous diets
-Specialized teeth
-Grasping digits
-Freely moving limbs
-Nails on digits
-Reduced nasal cavity
-Enlarged stereoscopic eyes and cerebral hemispheres
-Lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, gibbons, great apes
Lemurs
Capuchin Monkey
Gorilla
Human
Order Proboscidea
-Long muscular proboscis (trunk)
-Tusks
-Elephants
Elephant
This is an optional video
This is an optional video if you are interested in the sounds elephants make.
Order Sirenia
-Large aquatic herbivores
-Forelimbs are flippers
-Hindlimbs are vestigial
-Manatees and dugongs
Manatee
These last two orders of mammals are very small, only containing a few species
Order Pholidota
-Large hard scales that cover the body
-Can roll up for protection
-Mostly eat termites
-Can spray a pungent acid from a gland like a skunk
-The Pangolins
This is an optional but important video
This is an optional video if you are interested in learning more about the pangolin
Order Tubulidentata
-The teeth have a structure known as tubulidentate
-The aardvark
