Forms of energy

Energy is the capacity to do work

Work is transferring energy to an object causing it to move

Potential Energy- Stored energy because of location or structure

Activation energy is the energy needed to release the stored potential energy

Kinetic Energy- Movement

Thermal Energy- Transfer of kinetic energy of the random movement of atoms to other atoms

Chemical Energy- The energy stored in the bonds of macromolecules

1st law of thermodynamics

-Energy cannot be created nor destroyed

-Energy does not disappear it gets converted into non-usable energy

2nd law of thermodynamics

-The transfer of energy increases entropy

-Living things increase the entropy of their surroundings

Chemical reactions

-ATP is an energy carrier molecule

-There are other types of energy carrier molecules like electron carriers

-Chemical energy is stored in the bonds of molecules

-Reactants- What goes in

-Products- What comes out

Exergonic Reaction- When the products have less energy than the reactants

Endergonic Reaction- When the products have more energy than the reactants

-Endergonic is making something and exergonic is using something

-When you burn sugar to get energy that is an exergonic process

-When a plant makes sugar that is an endergonic process

-A coupled reaction is when an exergonic reaction provides the energy for an endergonic reaction. This is how most of the metabolic pathways work

Enzymes

-Catalysts- A catalyst speeds up a reaction. Enzymes are a biological catalyst.

-Enzymes speed up biological chemical reactions

-They lower the activation energy