Day 8 Carbohydrates and Lipids
Carbohydrates
The structure of a Carbohydrate is C(H2O). It is a carbon (Carbo) and a water molecule (Hydrate)
Carbohydrates are sugars!
-A complex carbohydrate is a lot of sugars strung together like starch
Sugars have their own name...they are called Saccharides
-A monosaccharide is a single sugar molecule or a monomer of carbohydrate
-A Disaccharide is 2 sugars stuck together. This is a polymer of carbohydrate
-And a Polysaccharide is more than two sugars stuck together in a chain. These are also polymers
Some examples
-Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose, Deoxyribose
-Disaccharides: Sucrose (Glucose+Fructose) Lactose (Glucose+Galactose) Maltose (Glucose+Glucose)
-Polysaccharides: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin
Watch this video. Take notes. Make sure that you fully understand what a carbohydrate is.
Lipids
Lipids are oils, fats, waxes, and steroid hormones
-lipids do not have a monomer. They are almost completely made up of hydrogen and carbon
-A fat is formed by attaching three fatty acid subunits to a glycerol
-This is why they are called a triglyceride
Fats are saturated and oils are unsaturated.
-Saturated means it has all the hydrogens it can fit which causes the fat molecules to fit tightly together. This is why fats are solid at room temperature.
-Unsaturated means that the lipid is missing some hydrogens which causes the fatty acid chains to bend. Because of the bending the molecules cannot fit tightly together. This is why unsaturated fatty acids are oils at room temperature.
Watch this video on Lipids. Take notes. Make sure you fully understand what a Lipid is.
-Lipids are hydrophobic meaning they do not dissolve in water.
-Because lipids are hydrophobic many organisms use them as water proofing
-A phospholipid is a lipid that has both a hydrophobic side and a hydrophilic side
-We use phospholipids to make soap
-The hydrophobic side sticks to the oils on our skin and the hydrophilic side sticks to the water washing off the oil.
-Our cells have a membrane that is made of two layers of phospholids. It is called a phospholipid bilayer
-A phospholipid bilayer has many properties that assist with cell homeostasis
-Another important lipid is hormones.
-Hormones are chemical messengers the body uses to talk to other cells
-Steroids are a type of hormone