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Fish
Fish
Fish is an informal name for three classes of vertebrates
Fish is an informal name for three classes of vertebrates
The three classes of fish are
The three classes of fish are
-Agnatha (Jawless Fish)
-Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)
-Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
Class Agnatha
Class Agnatha
-Have no Jaw
-The Jawless fish are of the most primitive fish living today
-Because they have no jaw they feed by suction
-They have a round mouth with rows of teeth
-There are only 2 agnatha still extent; the hagfish (marine) and the lamprey (freshwater)
Hagfish (this is the only agnatha animal you need to know)
Hagfish (this is the only agnatha animal you need to know)
-They mostly eat dead or dying fish but some times they will bore into a fish and eat it from the inside out
-Have slime glands
-The hagfish is the only animal in the world that has a skull but no backbone. Even though it has no backbone, it still has some small vertebrae and is still in the subphyla vertebrata
Hag Fish Teeth
Hag Fish Slime
Watch this video on the hagfish. Create a box or separate section in your sketchbook and title it "Hagfish". Write down anything you might find interesting.
Watch this video on hagfish slime.
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Chondrichthyes
-Cartilaginous fishes
-Includes the sharks, rays, skates, and ratfishes
-Have a cartilage skeleton
-Placoid scales- rough sand paper like skin because placoid scales are similar to teeth.
-The scales point backwards. This means shark skin is smooth one way and rough the other way
-They have Paired lateral fins
Sharks
Sharks
Sharks is not a specific order of fish, however sharks is an informal name for 8 different orders. There are around 500 different species of sharks all together.
There are 8 orders of sharks
There are 8 orders of sharks
Carcharhiniformes
Hederodotiformes
Hexanchaiformes
Lamniformes
Orectolobiformes
Pristiophormes
Squaliformes
Squatiniformes
Shark Characteristics
Shark Characteristics
-Caudal fin- pointing up and down
-Heterocercal- Upper lobe of the tail fin is longer than the lower lobe
-They have two dorsal fins
-Paired pectoral fins
-All sharks have five to seven gill slits
-They can replace teeth that are lost
-Can sense electricity
-Can sense vibrations in the water
Sharks do not have a swim bladder. A swim bladder is an organ that helps fish float or maintain buoyancy. Because sharks do not have a swim bladder, if they stop swimming they sink. Some times you will see sharks resting on the sandy bottom. Large sharks have to keep swimming to make sure enough oxygenated water enters their gills.
Watch this Jonathan Bird video on Shark Buoyancy
Watch this short Johnathan Bird video on Shark Senses. Create a box or separate section in your sketchbook and title it "Shark Electrosensory System". Take notes, write down anything you might find interesting and include a picture.
The worlds largest fish is a whale shark (It is not a whale, it is a type of shark)
-A whale shark can grow up to 50ft. It has no teeth and eats plankton
-Sharks are not very dangerous to humans
-Only about 5 deaths world wide happen because of sharks
-In comparison, almost 500,000 people in the United States a year go to the emergency room because of dog bites
The shark that is the most dangerous to humans is the great white shark. The great white has a very fast metabolism and needs to constantly eat. It is an aggressive eater and will eat what it can. The Tiger shark and bull shark are also known for attacking humans the most.
Male and Female Sharks
Male and Female Sharks
Males have claspers on their pelvic fin
Watch this short Johnathan Bird video on how to tell the difference between a male and female shark. Create a box or separate section in your sketchbook and title it "Shark Claspers". Take notes, write down anything you might find interesting and include a picture. Make sure that you can tell the difference between a male and female shark.
Watch this short Johnathan Bird video on shark hearing. Create a box or separate section in your sketchbook and title it "How Sharks Hear". Take notes, write down anything you might find interesting and include a picture.
Watch this short Johnathan Bird video on shark anatomy. Create a box or separate section in your sketchbook and title it "Shark Anatomy". Take notes, write down anything you might find interesting.
Watch this Jonathan Bird video on Shark Reproduction
Watch and enjoy this Johnathan Bird video.
Watch this SciShow video about 7 weird sharks. Create a box or separate section in your sketchbook and title it "7 Unique Sharks" write down interesting things you learn. Include a picture if you want to.
Watch and enjoy the first 2:50 minutes of this Jonathan Bird shark video. You can continue watching the rest if you like.
Watch and enjoy this Jonathan Bird shark video. Feel free to add some notes to your book about the spiny dogfish shark and add a picture but it is optional.
Watch this Jonathan Bird video on Zebra Sharks
Watch and enjoy this Jonathan Bird shark video. Feel free to add some notes to your book about the megalodon shark and add a picture but it is optional.
This is an optional but great video on Basking sharks
Watch and enjoy this Jonathan Bird shark video. Feel free to add some notes to your book about the basking shark and add a picture but it is optional.
Enjoy
Order Batoidea (Rays and Skates)
Order Batoidea (Rays and Skates)
-Rays and skates are dorsally and ventrally flattened
-Rays have live birth
-Skates lay eggs
-Skates have more of a triangle shaped front end
Shark gills vs Ray gills
Shark gills vs Ray gills
Sharks have their gill slits on the side of their body, rays have them underneath their body. Since rays have their gills underneath their body, they pull in water through spiracles on the top of their body and then send the water out of their gills. This avoids pulling sand into their gills from the bottom. Sharks also have spiracles, but in most species of shark the spiracles are small and sometimes not used.
Watch this Jonathan Bird video on Skates and Rays. Create a box in your sketchbook, title it "Skates and Rays" and take notes, write down interesting things that you learn from the video. Write down the differences in skates and rays and include an image in your sketchbook.
This is an optional Jonathan Bird video on Stingrays
Bat Rays
Manta Rays
-Have Cephalic Horns
The saw fish is an interesting type of ray
Skates
Order Chimaera or Chimaeriformes
Order Chimaera or Chimaeriformes
-Chimaeres are a small group of shark-like fish that usually live in deep sea environments
The goblin shark is a fascinating shark.
Optional Jonathan Bird Videos.
Optional Jonathan Bird Videos.
Optional Jonathan Bird shark video.
This is an optional video. Watch and enjoy if you are interested.
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