Changes in Matter

Experiment 1: Butter Battle

The average American eats 5 pounds of butter a year. By the time you graduate high school you will have eaten almost 100 pounds of butter.

Butter is made from cream. Cream is the fat of milk.

-If you churn (stirring in air) cream you can make butter of whipped cream

-If you use warm cream you make butter

-If you use cold cream you make whipped cream

-By churning the warm cream the air getting mixed in turns into foam. Fat globules collect in the foam bubbles. The fat globules liquify in the foam and start to become solid. Eventually it becomes butter.

-Butter is 80% milk fat, 18% water, and 2% milk solid.

Today we are going to make butter!

Butter is a lipid and has lots of calories but making butter is a lot of work. Do you think you will burn more calories making the butter than you will get from eating the butter?

Materials Needed:

-50ml Heavy Cream

-0.25g salt

-500ml Ice Water

-One piece cinnamon bread

-100ml graduated cylinder

-Balance or scale

-Filter paper

-One plastic jar with lid

-Plastic knife

Procedure

1. Using the scale, find the mass of your container without the lid and record the mass in your journal

2. Measure 50ml of heavy cream in a 100ml graduated cylinder

3. Pour the 50ml of heavy cream into your container

4. Cap the container and seal it tight

5. Shake the container 20 times. Open the top and release the pressure then reseal it.

6. Now continue shaking the container until all the liquid becomes a solid. Once it becomes a solid write down the time in your journal

7. Open the container and using your knife, taste a little of the solid. Describe how it tastes in your journal

8. Close the container and begin shaking again until lumps of solid fat form surrounded by an opaque liquid. Once this happens, write down the time in your journal. The liquid that formed is known as buttercream.

9. Open your container and taste the liquid. Describe how it tastes in your journal

10. Pour out the liquid, careful not to lose any of the solid fat.

11. Added fresh cold water to your container until it is about 1/3 full. Close the container and shake about 5 times. Pour out the water and do it again. Keep doing this until the water pours our clear. Write down in your journal how many times you had to add water.

12. Now that we have our butter, place your container on the scale and find the mass of your butter.

13. Spread your butter on your bread and enjoy while answering these questions

Questions:

1. How much time did it take you in total to transform your cream into butter?

2. If butter contains 1,628 Calories per 227g, then how many Calories are in a single gram of butter?

3. How many grams of butter did you make? How many Calories are in your butter?

4. The average person burns 135 Calories while shaking a container for 30 minutes. How many Calories did you burn making your butter?

5. Did you burn more Calories to make the butter then you got back when your ate the butter?

Experiment 2: Exploding Corn

Materials Needed:

-30 Popcorn kernels

-5ml of vegetable oil

-0.25 g