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Atoms
Class Activity:
Take a piece of foil. Does anyone know what this foil is made of?
-Aluminum
-What is aluminum?
-Now take your piece of foil and tear it in half. Now take one of those pieces and tear it in half. How many times do you think you could do that? Lets see who can tear it in half the most times and lets see who can end up with the smallest piece of foil? What would the smallest piece of aluminum foil be?
Class discussion:
Turn to a partner and discuss what the word Atom means to you. What is an atom? Is everything really made up of atoms or are there some things that are not made of atoms? Is there anything smaller than an atom?
The periodic table
-Lets look at the periodic table.
-It is a chart that shows us all the atoms. They are in order by how many protons they have.
There are three subatomic particles. These are the particles that an atom is made of.
-Neutron
-Protron
-Electron
-Protons have a positive (+) charge
-Neutrons have no charge
-Electrons have a negative (-) charge
The number of protons is what makes an element
-Atomic Number = how many protons the element has
-Atomic Mass = how many protons + neutrons the element has
-If you subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass you will know how many neutrons the element has
The periodic table is organized by atomic number
You can change an elements number of electrons and number of neutrons but you cant change its number of protons. If you change the number of protons you change the element.
Electron Shell
-The first shell holds 2 electrons
-The second shell holds 8 electrons
Individual Activity:
-Each student is going to make their own atom model
-You are going to take a paper plate
-On that paper plate you are going to glue fruit loops to represent your
-Protons
-Neutrons
-Electrons
-Select one color to represent each subatomic particle
-All atoms want to have a full outer electron shell. The last shell of an atom is called the valence electron shell and all electrons in that shell are called valence electrons
-The amount of valence electrons an atom has determines its properties and how it reacts
-The nobel gases all have full valence electron shells so they do not react with anything
-Some elements will try to take electrons or get rid of electrons to fill its shell
-If an atom has less than 4 valence electrons it is easier to just get rid of them and drop down to its other shell making it a positive (+) ion
-If an atom has more than 4 valence electrons it will try to take electrons to get to 8 to become a negative (-) ion
-Isotope = different number of neutrons than protrons
-Ion = different number of electrons than protrons
-Ions have a charge. If they have more electrons than protrons then they are negatively (-) charged. If they have less electrons than protrons then they are positively (+) charged.
Chemistry
Atomic Structure
1.The 3 particles of the atom are:
a.______________________
b.______________________
c.______________________
Their respective charges are:
a.______________________
b.______________________
c.______________________
2.The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom’s
______________________,and the number of electrons determines
______________________of and element.
3.The atomic number tells you the number of ______________________in one atom of an element. It also tells you the number of _____________________in a neutral atom of that element. The atomic number gives the “identity “ of an element as well as its location on the
Periodic Table. No two different elements will have the _____________ atomic number.
4.The ______________________of an element is the average mass of an element ’s naturally occurring atom, or isotopes, taking into account the ______________________of each isotope.
5.The ______________________of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the______________________ of the atom.
6.The mass number is used to calculate the number of ______________________in one atom of an element. In order to calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract the ___________________from the ______________________.
7.Give the symbol and number of protons in one atom of:
Lithium __________________ Bromine __________________
Iron __________________ Copper __________________
Oxygen __________________ Mercury __________________
Krypton __________________Helium _____________________
8.Give the symbol and number of electrons in a neutral atom of:
Uranium __________________ Chlorine __________________
Boron __________________ Iodine __________________
Antimony __________________Xenon __________________
9.Give the symbol and number of neutrons in one atom of:
(To get “mass number ”,you must round the “atomic mass ” to the nearest whole number)) Show your calculations.
Barium __________________Bismuth __________________
Carbon __________________Hydrogen __________________
Fluorine __________________Magnesium __________________
Europium __________________Mercury __________________
10.Name the element which has the following numbers of particles:
a.26 electrons,29 neutrons,26 protons _____________________
b.53 protons,74 neutrons _____________________
c.2 electrons (neutral atoms)_____________________
d.20 protons _____________________
e.86 electrons,125 neutrons,82 protons (charged atom
____________________
f.0 neutrons _____________________
11 .If you know only the following information can you always determine what the element is? (Yes/No).
a. number of protons ___________
b.number of neutrons___________
c.number of electrons in a neutral atom___________
d.number of electrons___________
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