Day 16 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis
Watch Bozeman Cellular Respiration Video
Redox Reactions
Redox = Reduction and Oxidation
-Reduction is when an electron is added (the electron is negative that is why it is a reduction)
-Oxidation is the loss of an electron
-An electron donor is called a reducing agent
-An electron acceptor is an oxidizing agent
During cellular respiration
C6H12O6 (Glucose) becomes oxidized into 6 CO2
6 O2 gets reduced to 6 H2O
Cellular Respiration is the process of taking a chemical reaction that would normal happen and controlling the energy harvest
One of the main goals of cellular respiration is to get electrons to the electron transport chain
It is the electron transport chain that makes most of the ATP
-In order to get the electrons to the electron transport chain NAD+ and FAD+ need to carry electrons there
-Most of cellular respiration tries to turn NAD+ into NADH and FAD+ into FADH2
Glycolysis breaks glucose down via substrate-level phosphoralation (adds phosphates from ATP to break up the glucose)
The electron transport chain uses a process called oxidative phosphoralation
-The electron transport chain goes through a process of losing electrons through the process of phosphoralation
-The lost electrons then go through chemiosmosis which generates most of the ATP by powering the ATP synthase
The Electrons are carried by the NADH and FADH2 from the Mitochondrial Matrix through the inner membrane where the electron transport chain (ETC), through oxidative phosphoralation, creates a H+ concentration gradient in the intermembrane space.
The H+ concentration gradient naturally wants to go from a level of high concentration to low concentration. The H+ push through the ATP Synthase (which is an ion pump working backwards) through a process known as chemiosmosis (chemicals going from an area of high concentration to low concentration). The ATP Synthase then generates ATP while the H+ get reduced into water by joining oxygen.
Cells can get energy out of most macromolecues
The Chemiosmosis in cellular respiration is very similar to photosynthesis
