重要法偈

《重要法偈》Dhammagāthā

✩ 禮佛偈 Vandanā

Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammā Sambuddhassa.

皈命──於世尊、阿羅漢、正等覺者

~ 《婆羅門相應‧Dhanañjānīsutta 陀然闇仁》 (SN 7.1, 187)

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✩ 三皈依 Ti-saraṇa

Buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi;

我以佛為皈依處，

Dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi;

我以法為皈依處，

Saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi.

我以僧伽為皈依處。

～《因緣相應‧Acelakassapasutta 阿支羅》 (SN 12.17)

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✩ 自洲、法洲 ―➢ 自燈明，法燈明！

“Ye hi keci, ānanda, etarahi vā mama vā accayena attadīpā viharissanti attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā, dhammadīpā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā, tamatagge me te, ānanda, bhikkhū bhavissanti ye keci sikkhākāmā”ti.

「阿難！於現在，或我滅後，若有人『以自燈明，隨時自歸依，不歸依他人；以法燈明，隨時法歸依，不歸依他人』者──阿難！彼等，於我比丘眾中，將在最高境地，必定樂於修學。」

～《長部經典‧Mahāparinibbānasutta 大般涅槃經》(DN 16, 165)

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✩ 諸佛通偈

Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;

Sacittapariyodapanaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ.

諸惡莫作，眾善奉行，自淨其意，是諸佛教。

～《法句經‧Ānandattherapañhavatthu 阿難問諸佛教誨》 (Dhp 14.4, 183)

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✩ 原始佛陀的教說，應與「三法印」相應──

“Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā, sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā, sabbe dhammā anattā.”

諸行無常，諸行是苦，諸法無我。

～《法句經‧Maggavagga 道品》(Dhp 277-279)

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✩ 原始佛陀的教說，應與「無常偈」相應──

“Aniccā vata saṅkhārā, uppādavaya dhammino;

Uppajjitvā nirujjhanti, tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho”ti.

諸行無常，是生滅法；

生滅滅已，寂滅為樂。

～《無始相應‧Vepullapabbatasutta 毘富羅山》(SN 15.20, 143)

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✩ 原始佛陀的教說，應與「四聖諦」相應──

「月可令熱，日可令冷，

佛說四諦，不可令異。」

「苦諦實苦，不可令樂；

集真是因，更無異因；

苦若滅者，即是因滅，因滅故果滅；

滅苦之道，實是真道，更無餘道。」

「當勤精進，早求解脫；

以智慧明，滅諸痴暗。」

～《佛遺教經》

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✩ 不放逸 Appamādena

Vayadhammā saṅkhārā, appamādena sampādetha.

諸行皆是壞滅之法，

應自精進不放逸。

～《長部經典‧Mahāparinibbānasutta 大般涅槃經》 (DN 16, 183)

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✩ 一夜賢者偈 Bhaddekaratta gāthā

Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ;

勿追於過去，勿願於未來；

Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.

一切過去者，彼已皆捨棄，未來者未至！

Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati;

而彼現在法，處處善觀察；

Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.

現觀五蘊法──不搖又不動，了知彼修習！

Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;

唯應今日作──必須熱心作，誰知明日死？

Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.

實謂無其事？不遇死大軍！

Evaṃ vihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ;

熱心如是住，晝夜不懈怠；

Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate muni.

此一夜賢者，謂靜寂默者。

～《中部經典‧Bhaddekarattasutta 一夜賢者經》(MN 131)

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✩ 四預流果 Cattāri sotāpannassa aṅga

成就四不壞信 Cattāri aveccapasāda samannāgata

☆ 由「有信」於「親近善士」，成就「佛不壞信」 ➾ 由「慚愧」於「聽聞正法」，成就「法不壞信」 ➾ 由「精進」於「如理作意」，成就「僧不壞信」 ➾ 由「有慧」於「法隨法行」，成就「戒不壞信」。

一、 佛不壞信 Buddhānussati

⑴ Itipi so Bhagavā ① arahaṃ ② sammāsambuddho ③ vijjācaraṇasampanno ④ sugato ⑤ lokavidū ⑥ anuttaro ⑦ purisadammasārathi ⑧ satthā devamanussānaṃ ⑨ buddho ⑩ Bhagavā.

如是，世尊實是：「① 阿羅漢──應供者、② 正遍知──正等覺、③ 明行足者、④ 善逝者、⑤ 世間解者、⑥ 無上士者、⑦ 調御丈夫者、⑧ 天人師、⑨ 佛、⑩ 世尊。」

Indeed, the Blessed One is ① worthy and ② rightly self-awakened, ③ consummate in knowledge & conduct, ④ well-gone, ⑤ an expert with regard to the world, ⑥ unexcelled ⑦ as a trainer for those people fit to be tamed, ⑧ the Teacher of divine & human beings, ⑨ awakened, ⑩ blessed.

(Such indeed is the Blessed One, ① exalted, ② omniscient, ③ endowed with knowledge and virtues, ④ gone beyond, ⑤ knower of the worlds, ⑥ a guide incomparable ⑦ for the training of individuals, ⑧ teacher of gods and men, ⑨ enlightened ⑩ and holy.)

二、 法不壞信 Dhammānussati

⑵ Svākkhāto Bhagavatā dhammo ① sandiṭṭhiko ② akāliko ③ ehipassiko ④ opaneyyiko ⑤paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī.

於正法成就不壞信，即：「世尊善說，① 現見之法、② 能超越時，③ 即身近觀，言能知見，④ 攝入引導、⑤ 唯智者所親證。」

（世尊說正法律──「現見法，離熾燃；不待時節，通達涅槃；即身觀察，緣自覺知。」）

The Dhamma is well-expounded by the Blessed One, ① to be seen here & now, ② timeless, ③ inviting verification, ④ pertinent, ⑤ to be realized by the wise for themselves.

(Well-expounded is the Dhamma by the Blessed One, ① to be self-realised; ② with immediate fruit; ③ to be but approached to be seen; ④ capable of being entered upon; ⑤ to be attained by the wise, each by himself.)

三、 僧不壞信 Saṅghānussati

⑶ ① Suppaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ② ujuppaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ③ ñāyappaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ④ sāmīcippaṭipanno Bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ ⑤ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa Bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ⑥ āhuneyyo ⑦ pāhuneyyo ⑧ dakkhiṇeyyo ⑨ añjalikaraṇīyo ⑩ anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā.

世尊之聖弟子僧伽，即：「① 具足勝妙行、② 具足質直行、③ 具足如理行、④ 具足如法行，所謂 ⑤ 四雙八輩。世尊之聖弟子僧伽， ⑥ 應恭敬、⑦ 尊重、⑧ 供養、⑨ 合掌禮拜、⑩ 是世間之無上福田。」

（ ① 具足勝妙行──指「親近善士」、② 具足質直行──指「聽聞正法」、③ 具足如理行──指「如理作意」、④ 具足如法行──指「法隨法行」）

The Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples ① who have practiced well...② who have practiced straight-forwardly...③ who have practiced methodically...④ who have practiced masterfully-in other words, ⑤ the four types of noble disciples when taken as pairs, the eight when taken as individual types-they are the Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples: ⑥ worthy of gifts, ⑦ worthy of hospitality, ⑧ worthy of offerings, ⑨ worthy of respect, ⑩ the incomparable field of merit for the world.

(① Of good conduct is the Order of the Disciples of the Blessed One.

② Of upright conduct is the Order of the Disciples of the Blessed One.

③ Of wise conduct is the Order of the Disciples of the Blessed One.

④ Of dutiful conduct is the Order of the Disciples of the Blessed One.

This Order of the Disciples of the Blessed One, namely, ⑤ these Four Pairs of Persons,

⑥ is worthy of offerings.

⑦ is worthy of hospitality,

⑧ is worthy of gifts,

⑨ is worthy of reverential salutation,

⑩ is an incomparable field of merits to the World.)

四、 戒不壞信 Sīlānussati

⑷ Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti ① akhaṇḍehi ② acchiddehi ③ asabalehi ④ akammāsehi ⑤ bhujissehi ⑥ viññuppasatthehi ⑦ aparāmaṭṭhehi ⑧ samādhisaṃvattanikehi.

成就聖者所愛之戒，即：「① 不壞碎、② 無瑕疵、③ 無斑點、④ 無雜穢、⑤ 解脫自由、⑥ 智者所讚、⑦ 無執取、⑧ 導於定。」

（① 不壞碎──指「正見」、② 無瑕疵──指「正思惟」、③ 無斑點──指「正語」、④ 無雜穢──指「正業」、⑤ 解脫自在──指「正命」、⑥ 智者讚歎──指「正精進」、⑦ 無執取──指「正念」、⑧ 導於定──指「正定」）

He/she is endowed with virtues that are appealing to the noble ones: ① untorn, ② unbroken, ③ unspotted, ④ unsplattered, ⑤ liberating, ⑥ praised by the wise, ⑦ untarnished, ⑧ leading to concentration.

～《因緣相應‧Pañcaverabhayasutta 五罪畏》(SN 12.41)

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✩ 卡拉瑪經偈──佛陀法語

☆ 《卡拉瑪經》與《四大教法》的忠告 ☞ 「如是我聞」不能代表佛說！

“❶ Mā anussavena, ❷ mā paramparāya, ❸ mā itikirāya, ❹ mā piṭakasampadānena, ❺ mā takkahetu, ❻ mā nayahetu, ❼ mā ākāraparivitakkena, ❽ mā diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā, ❾ mā bhabbarūpatāya, ❿ mā samaṇo no garūti. Yadā tumhe, kālāmā, attanāva jāneyyātha – ‘① ime dhammā akusalā, ② ime dhammā sāvajjā, ③ ime dhammā viññugarahitā, ④ ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantī’ti, atha tumhe, kālāmā, pajaheyyāthā… Yadā tumhe, kālāmā, attanāva jāneyyātha – ‘⑤ ime dhammā kusalā, ⑥ ime dhammā anavajjā, ⑦ ime dhammā viññuppasatthā, ⑧ ime dhammā samattā samādinnā hitāya sukhāya saṃvattantī’ti, atha tumhe, kālāmā, upasampajja vihareyyāthā”ti.

「❶ 汝等勿信風俗；❷ 勿輕信傳統；❸ 勿輕信聽聞；❹ 勿信因與經教相合；❺ 勿信基於推理；❻ 勿信基於研究；❼ 勿信情況考慮周詳；❽ 勿信見解卓越；❾ 勿信形象權威；❿ 勿信因此沙門，是我等祖師。

卡拉瑪眾！若汝等發現──『① 此法是不善，② 此法是有罪，③ 此法是智者所訶毀，④ 如果實踐此法，能導致無益與苦！』卡拉瑪眾！其時，則應捨棄此法……。

卡拉瑪眾！若汝等發現──『⑤ 此法是善，⑥ 此法是無罪，⑦ 此法是智者所稱讚，⑧ 如果實踐此法，能帶來利益快樂！』卡拉瑪眾！其時，則應圓滿受持！」

～《增支部經典‧三集‧Kesamuttisutta 卡拉瑪經》(AN 3.66)

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✩ 三十二身分 Dvattiṃsa-ākāra

‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye ① kesā ② lomā ③ nakhā ④ dantā ⑤ taco, ⑥ maṃsaṃ ⑦ nhāru ⑧ aṭṭhi ⑨ aṭṭhimiñjaṃ ⑩ vakkaṃ, ⑪ hadayaṃ ⑫ yakanaṃ ⑬ kilomakaṃ ⑭ pihakaṃ ⑮ papphāsaṃ, ⑯ antaṃ ⑰ antaguṇaṃ ⑱ udariyaṃ ⑲ karīsaṃ [karīsaṃ ⑳ matthaluṅgaṃ (ka.)], ㉑ pittaṃ ㉒ semhaṃ ㉓ pubbo ㉔ lohitaṃ ㉕ sedo ㉖ medo, ㉗ assu ㉘ vasā ㉙ kheḷo ㉚ siṅghāṇikā ㉛ lasikā ㉜ mutta’nti.

「在此身中，有① 頭髮、② 膚毛、③ 指甲、④ 牙齒、⑤ 皮膚，⑥ 肌肉，⑦ 筋腱、⑧ 骨、⑨ 髓、⑩ 腎，⑪ 心、⑫ 肝臟、⑬ 肋膜、⑭ 脾臟、⑮ 肺，⑯ 腸、⑰ 腸膈膜、⑱ 胃臟、⑲ 糞便、⑳ 腦，㉑ 膽汁、㉒ 痰、㉓ 膿、㉔ 血、㉕ 汗、㉖ 脂肪，㉗ 眼淚、㉘ 油、㉙ 唾液、㉚ 鼻涕、㉛ 骨液、㉜ 尿水。」

～《長部經典‧Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasutta 大念住經》 (DN 22, 377)

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在線訪客人數