編輯方式之二

【聖典結集、編輯方式說明之二】

“｛一｝Dhamma 正法 (DA 1-5, 19984)/【1】Dīghanikāya 長部經典 (DN 1-34, 1360)/《2》Mahāvaggapāḷi 大品 (DN 14-23, 1-441)”

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3. Mahāparinibbānasutta 大般涅槃經 (DN 16, 131-240)

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3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ

《大般涅槃經》目錄 (Contents)

第一誦品 靈鷲山上 Part One: In Magadha

第一品 ✫ 禹舍禮佛 Vassakārabrāhmaṇo

第二品 ✫ 國不退法 Rājaaparihāniyadhammā / Conditions of a Nation's Welfare

第三品 ✫ 僧不退法 Bhikkhuaparihāniyadhammā / Welfare of the Bhikkhus

第四品 ✫ 舍利弗──作獅子吼 Sāriputtasīhanādo / Sariputta's Lion's Roar

第五品 ✫ 波吒釐村──華氏城 Pāṭaligāma / Pataliputta

第二誦品 經拘利村 Part Two: The Journey to Vesali

第一品 ✫ 見四聖諦 Ariyasaccakathā / The Four Noble Truths

第二品 ✫ 住拘利村 At Kotigama

第三品 ✫ 修行果位 Anāvattidhammasambodhiparāyaṇā / The Four Specific Attainments

第四品 ✫ 宣說法鏡 Dhammādāsadhammapariyāyā / The Mirror of the Dhamma

第五品 ✫ 正念、正知 ─➢ 圓滿戒、定、慧！

第六品 ✫ 菴婆波梨 Ambapālīgaṇikā / Ambapali and the Licchavis

第七品 ✫ 居竹林村 Veḷuvagāmavassūpagamanaṃ

第八品 ✫ 世尊痢病 The Blessed One's Deadly Sickness

第三誦品 在毘舍離 Nimittobhāsakathā / Relinquishing the Will to Live

第一品 ✫ 阿難迷惑 The Blessed One's Prompting

第二品 ✫ 魔請涅槃 Mārayācanakathā / Mara's Appeal

第三品 ✫ 世尊捨壽 Āyusaṅkhāraossajjanaṃ / The Blessed One Relinquishes His Will to Live

第四品 ✫ 大地震因 Mahābhūmicālahetu / Eight Causes of Earthquakes

第五品 ✫ 人天八眾 Aṭṭha parisā / Eight Assemblies

第六品 ✫ 修八勝處 Aṭṭha abhibhāyatanāni / Eight Fields of Mastery

第七品 ✫ 證八解脫 Aṭṭha vimokkhā / Eight Liberations

第八品 ✫ 魔初試探 Mara's Former Temptation

第九品 ✫ 求佛住壽 Ānandayācanakathā / Ananda's Appeal

第十品 ✫ 重閣講堂 The Last Admonition

第四誦品 最後膳食 Nāgāpalokitaṃ / Part Four: The Last Meal

第一品 ✫ 赴犍荼村 The Elephant's Look

第二品 ✫ 純陀供食 Kammāraputtacundavatthu / The Buddha's Last Meal

第三品 ✫ 河水澄清 Pānīyāharaṇaṃ / The Clearing of the Waters

第四品 ✫ 福貴金衣 Pukkusamallaputtavatthu / Pukkusa the Malla

第五品 ✫ 沐俱多河 At the Kakuttha River

第六品 ✫ 安慰純陀 Relieving Cunda's Remorse

第五誦品 拘尸那羅 Part Five: At Kusinara

第一品 ✫ 沙羅雙樹 Yamakasālā / Last Place of Rest

第二品 ✫ 諸天悲傷 Upavāṇatthero / The Grief of the Gods

第三品 ✫ 增益善心 Ananda's Concern

第四品 ✫ 四處聖地 Catusaṃvejanīyaṭṭhānāni / Four Places of Pilgrimage

第五品 ✫ 阿難提問 Ānandapucchākathā

第六品 ✫ 四種聖塔 Thūpārahapuggalo

第七品 ✫ 阿難慟哭 Ananda's Grief

第八品 ✫ 讚賞阿難 Ānandaacchariyadhammo / Praise of Ananda

第九品 ✫ 選涅槃地 Mahāsudassanasuttadesanā / The Past Glory of Kusinara

第十品 ✫ 末羅哀悼 Mallānaṃ vandanā / Lamentation of the Mallas

第十一品 ✫ 須跋陀羅 Subhaddaparibbājakavatthu / The Last Convert

第十二品 ✫ 八聖道分 The Lion's Roar

第六誦品 涅槃遺教 The Passing Away

第一品 ✫ 最後教導 Tathāgatapacchimavācā / The Blessed One's Final Exhortation

第二品 ✫ 佛入涅槃 Parinibbutakathā / How the Blessed One Passed into Nibbana

第三品 ✫ 人天哀悼 The World's Echo

第四品 ✫ 供養遺體 Buddhasarīrapūjā / Homage to the Remains

第五品 ✫ 摩訶迦葉 Mahākassapattheravatthu

第六品 ✫ 八分舍利 Sarīradhātuvibhājanaṃ / Partition of the Relics

第七品 ✫ 起十佛塔 Dhātuthūpapūjā

結語偈頌 The Epilog's Chant

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第一誦品 靈鷲山上 Part One: In Magadha

～記佛從王舍城靈鷲山至波吒釐村之事～

↙以下為，Pāli 聖典，原始經文――羅馬拼音，結集自【內觀研究所】（VRI版）、目錄參考【正法學會】The World Tipiṭaka（2005 年版）。

（一） 131. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tena kho pana samayena rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto vajjī abhiyātukāmo hoti. So evamāha – “ahaṃ hime vajjī evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve ucchecchāmi [ucchejjāmi (syā. pī.), ucchijjāmi (ka.)] vajjī, vināsessāmi vajjī, anayabyasanaṃ āpādessāmi vajjī”ti [āpādessāmi vajjīti (sabbattha) a. ni. 7.22 passitabbaṃ].

如是我聞――

一時，世尊住王舍城之靈鷲山。其時，韋提希子，摩揭陀王阿闍世欲征伐跋耆人。於此，彼如是言：「彼等跋耆人，雖有大神力、大威力，我欲伐此跋耆人，我欲根絕跋耆人，我欲滅亡跋耆人，我欲破滅跋耆人。」

1. Thus have I heard. Once the Blessed One dwelt at Rajagaha, on the hill called Vultures' Peak. At that time the king of Magadha, Ajatasattu, son of the Videhi queen, desired to wage war against the Vajjis. He spoke in this fashion: "These Vajjis, powerful and glorious as they are, I shall annihilate them, I shall make them perish, I shall utterly destroy them."

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【肆】 宣說法鏡 Dhammādāsadhammapariyāyā / The Mirror of the Dhamma

☆ 成就「法鏡」 ➾ 四預流果支 ➾ ➊ 成就「佛不壞信」、➋ 成就「法不壞信」、➌ 成就「僧不壞信」、➍ 成就「戒不壞信」。

✩ 成就「四不壞信」

1. 由「親近善士」 ➾ 成就「佛不壞信」

↙以下為，Pāli 聖典，原始經文（加入編號）――羅馬拼音，結集自【內觀研究所】（VRI版）。

“Idhānanda, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘itipi so bhagavā ⑴ arahaṃ ⑵ sammāsambuddho ⑶ vijjācaraṇasampanno ⑷ sugato ⑸ lokavidū ⑹ anuttaro ⑺ purisadammasārathi ⑻ satthā devamanussānaṃ ⑼ buddho, ⑽ bhagavā’ti.

「阿難！於此，有聖弟子，於佛陀成就不壞信，即：『如是，世尊實是⑴ 應供者、⑵ 正等覺者、⑶ 明行足者、⑷ 善逝者、⑸ 世間解者、⑹ 無上士者、⑺ 調御丈夫者、⑻ 天人師、⑼ 佛陀、⑽ 世尊。』

↙以下為，英譯版本――校對自 Sister Vajira & Francis Story. 及 Thanissaro Bhikkhu 譯本。

"In this case, Ananda, the noble disciple possesses unwavering faith in the Buddha thus: 'The Blessed One is an ⑴ Arahant, ⑵ the Fully Enlightened One, ⑶ perfect in knowledge and conduct, ⑷ the Happy One (well gone), ⑸ the knower of the world, ⑹ the paramount (unsurpassed) ⑺ trainer of beings (leader of persons to be tamed), ⑻ the teacher of gods and men, ⑼ the Enlightened One, ⑽ the Blessed One.'

2. 由「聽聞正法」 ➾ 成就「法不壞信」

Dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā ⑴ dhammo sandiṭṭhiko ⑵ akāliko ⑶ ehipassiko ⑷ opaneyyiko ⑸ paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti.

於正法成就不壞信，即：『世尊善說，⑴ 現見之法、⑵ 能超越時，⑶ 即身近觀，言能知見，⑷ 示導涅槃、⑸ 唯智者所親證。』

He possesses unwavering faith in the Dhamma thus: 'Well propounded by the Blessed One is the Dhamma, ⑴ evident, ⑵ timeless, ⑶ inviting investigation, ⑷ leading to emancipation, ⑸ to be comprehended by the wise, each for himself.'

3. 由「如理作意」 ➾ 成就「僧不壞信」

☆ 世尊之聖弟子僧伽 ➾ ⑴ 具足勝妙行（指「親近善士」）、⑵ 具足質直行（指「聽聞正法」）、⑶ 具足如理行（指「如理作意」）、⑷ 具足如法行（指「法隨法行」）

Saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti – ‘⑴ suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ⑵ ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ⑶ ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ⑷ sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ ⑸ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ⑹ āhuneyyo ⑺ pāhuneyyo ⑻ dakkhiṇeyyo ⑼ añjalikaraṇīyo ⑽ anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti.

於僧伽成就不壞信，即：『世尊之聖弟子僧伽，⑴ 具足勝妙行、⑵ 具足質直行、⑶ 具足如理行、⑷ 具足如法行，所謂 ⑸ 四雙八輩，世尊之聖弟子僧伽，⑹ 應恭敬、⑺ 尊重、⑻ 布施、⑼ 合掌禮拜、⑽ 是世間之無上福田。』

He possesses unwavering faith in the Blessed One's Order of Disciples thus: '⑴ Well faring is the Blessed One's Order of Disciples, ⑵ righteously, ⑶ wisely, ⑷ and dutifully: that is to say, ⑸ the four pairs of men, the eight classes of persons. The Blessed One's Order of Disciples is worthy ⑹ of honor, ⑺ of hospitality, ⑻ of offerings, ⑼ of veneration - ⑽ the supreme field for meritorious deeds in the world.'

4. 由「法隨法行」 ➾ 成就「戒不壞信」

☆ 成就聖者所愛之戒 ➾ ⑴ 不壞碎（指「正見」）、⑵ 無瑕疵（指「正思惟」）、⑶ 無斑點（指「正語」）、⑷ 無雑穢（指「正業」）、⑸ 解脫自在（指「正命」）、⑹ 智者讚歎（指「正精進」）、⑺ 無執取（指「正念」）、⑻ 導於定（指「正定」）。

Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti ⑴ akhaṇḍehi ⑵ acchiddehi ⑶ asabalehi ⑷ akammāsehi ⑸ bhujissehi ⑹ viññūpasatthehi ⑺ aparāmaṭṭhehi ⑻ samādhisaṃvattanikehi.

成就聖者所愛之戒，即：『⑴ 不壞碎、⑵ 無瑕疵、⑶ 無斑點、⑷ 無穢、⑸ 解脫自在、⑹ 智者讚歎、⑺ 無執取、⑻ 導於定。』

And he possesses virtues that are dear to the Noble Ones, ⑴ complete and ⑵ perfect, ⑶ spotless and ⑷ pure, ⑸ which are liberating, ⑹ praised by the wise, ⑺ uninfluenced (by worldly concerns), ⑻ and favorable to concentration of mind.

Ayaṃ kho so, ānanda, dhammādāso dhammapariyāyo, yena samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇanirayomhi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’”ti.

阿難！次第於此法鏡之法，具足此之聖弟子，即可預期各自之未來：『於我地獄已滅，畜生道、飽鬼道及其他惡趣滅，我證須陀洹果，住不退轉，必到達正覺。』」

10. This, Ananda, is the teaching called the Mirror of the Dhamma, whereby the noble disciple may thus know of himself: 'There is no more rebirth for me in hell, nor as an animal or ghost, nor in any realm of woe. A stream-enterer am I, safe from falling into the states of misery, assured am I and bound for Enlightenment.'"

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結語偈頌 The Epilog's Chant

（百十） 240. Aṭṭhadoṇaṃ cakkhumato sarīraṃ, sattadoṇaṃ jambudīpe mahenti.

具眼舍利有八份

七份供養閻浮洲

⑴ 43. Eight portions there were of the relics of him, The All-Seeing One, the greatest of men. Seven in Jambudipa are honored, (Vajira/Story)

⑵ Eight portions were the relics of the One with Vision, the highest, the foremost of men: seven honored in Jambudipa, (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)

Ekañca doṇaṃ purisavaruttamassa, rāmagāme nāgarājā maheti.

最勝者其他一份

羅摩村龍王供養

⑴ and one In Ramagama, by kings of the Naga race.

⑵ and one in Ramagama honored by kings of the nagas.

Ekāhi dāṭhā tidivehi pūjitā, ekā pana gandhārapure mahīyati;

一牙忉利天供養

一健陀羅城供養

⑴ One tooth is honored in the Tavatimsa heaven,

⑵ One tooth the devas of the Thirty-three worship; one is honored in Gandharapura;

Kāliṅgarañño vijite punekaṃ, ekaṃ pana nāgarājā maheti.

迦陵迦王得一牙

另一牙龍王供養

⑴ One in the realm of Kalinga, and one by the Naga kings.

⑵ one in the realm of the king of Kalinga; another is honored by kings of the nagas.

Tasseva tejena ayaṃ vasundharā,

其光大耀此國土

⑴ Through their brightness this bountiful earth

⑵ These, with their splendor, their excellent gifts, embellish this wealth-bearing earth.

Āyāgaseṭṭhehi mahī alaṅkatā;

殊勝供養物莊嚴

⑴ With its most excellent gifts is endowed;

⑵ Thus the relics of the One with Vision are honored by those honored by those who are honored.

Evaṃ imaṃ cakkhumato sarīraṃ,

如是具眼者舍利

⑴ For thus the relics of the All-Seeing

Susakkataṃ sakkatasakkatehi.

受諸彼恭敬供養

⑴ One are best honored

Devindanāgindanarindapūjito,

天主龍主人主供

⑴ By those who are worthy of honor — by gods and Nagas And lords of men,

⑵ He is worshiped by deva kings, naga kings, human kings,

Manussindaseṭṭhehi tatheva pūjito;

人間長老與供養

⑴ yea, by the highest of mankind.

⑵ and likewise is worshiped by the most excellent people.

Taṃ vandatha [taṃ taṃ vandatha (syā.)] pañjalikā labhitvā,

合掌尊敬禮拜彼

⑴ Pay homage with clasped hands!

⑵ So pay homage to him, with hands palm-to-palm over the heart,

Buddho have kappasatehi dullabhoti.

佛是百劫難遭遇

⑴ For hard indeed it is Through hundreds of ages to meet with an All-Enlightened One!

⑵ for the Awakened are rarely encountered in the course of one hundred eons.

Cattālīsa samā dantā, kesā lomā ca sabbaso;

四十齒齊白

髮毛與一切

Devā hariṃsu ekekaṃ, cakkavāḷaparamparāti.

天神雨華鬘

逐一相環繞

Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.

大般涅槃經 ～大品‧第三經終

Last Days of the Buddha: the Third.

～《長部經典‧大品‧Mahāparinibbānasutta 大般涅槃經DN 16, 131-240)

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