Dutch

aan (MDu) 'on' (*an 1): ONSLAUGHT. Du aanslag.

aerde, eerde (MDu) 'earth' (*er-2): AARDVARK, AARDWOLF.

af (MDu) 'off': OFFAL. Cf. G Abfall.

baes (MDu) 'master': BOSS.

band (MDu) 'band': RIBBON.

berch (MDu) 'hill': SPITZENBURG.

berme, barm (MDu) 'edge of a dike' (*bhrem-2): BERM.

bie (MDu) 'by' (*ambhi): BILANDER. Du be-, bij, bijlander.

bille (MDu) 'buttock' (*bhel-2): BILTONG.

bruun (MDu > Du bruin) 'brown' (*bher-3): BRUINS.

blaf (MDu) 'flat, broad': BLUFF.

blas, blase (MDu) 'bladder' (*bhlê-2): ISINGLASS.

blasen (MDu) 'to blow up': BLASé. G blasiert.

bleren (MDu) 'to roar', blase: BLARE.

bles (MDu) 'white spot' (*bhel-1): BLAZE, BLESBOK.

blinken (MDu) 'to glitter, shine': BLINK (?)

blok (MDu) 'trunk of a tree': BLOC, BLOCK, BLOCKADE. Cf. G Block, Blockade, blockieren.

bloot (MDu) 'naked, exposed': BLOT.

bluffen (MDu) 'to swell up': BLUFF.

bluyster (MDu) 'a blister': BLISTER.

boc, bok (MDu) 'buck' (*bhugo-): BLESBOK, BONTGEBOK, SPRINGBOK, STEENBOK.

bodel (MDu) 'riches, property' (*bheuª-): BOODLE.

bodem (ModDu) 'ship's bottom' (*bhudh-): BOTTOMRY.

boek, bôk (MDu) 'beech' (*bhâgo-): BUCKWHEAT.

boele (MDu) 'sweetheart': BULLY. Cf. G Buhle.

boeye (MDu) 'buoy,' perhaps ultimately from Gr boeiai (4-5) 'straps of ox leather,' der. of bous (3-5): BUOY, BUOYANT. G Boje. F bouée. It boia. Sp boya.

boksboon (MDu) 'buckbean': BUCKBEAN (by translation).

bolle (MDu) 'round object' (*bhel-2): BOLL.

bom (MDu) 'tree' *(*baumaz:): BOOM.

bom (ModDu), kind of fishing boat: BUMBOAT.

bondel (MDu) 'sheaf of papers, bundle' (*bhendh-): BUNDLE. Cf. G Bündel.

bont (MDu) 'league': BONSPIEL.

bort (MDu) 'plank': GARBOARD.

bouwen (MDu) 'to cultivate' (*bheuª-): BOWERY. Cf. G Bau, bauen, erbauen, Gebäude.

brabbelen (MDu) 'to jabber': BRABBLE.

brac (MDu) 'salty': BRACKISH.

braeke (MDu) 'crushing instrument, stopping gear': BRAKE.

branden (ModDu) 'to burn' (*gwher-): BRANDY. Cf. G Brandung, Branntwein.

bremme (MDu) 'broom': BREAM.

bruun (MDu > Du bruin) 'brown' (*bher-3): BRUINS.

bundel (MDu) 'sheaf of papers, bundle': BUNDLE.

burch (MDu) 'town' (*bhergh-2): BURGOMASTER.

bûsen (MDu) 'to carouse': BOOZE.

butte (MDu) 'flatfish' (*bhau-): BUTT, HALIBUT.

canne (MDu) 'can, vessel': CANNIKIN.

clappen (MDu) 'to crack, split': CLAPBOARD.

clinken, klinken (MDu) 'to clink': CLINK, CLINKER, CLINQUANT.

clove (MDu) 'a cleft' (*gleubh-): KLOOF.

cnoppe (MDu) 'knob, bud' (*gen-): KNOBKERRIE.

codde (MDu) 'cylindrical piece of wood': GADROON.

coet, cuut (MDu) 'coot': COOT.

crâghe (MDu) 'throat': SCRAG.

crampe (MDu) 'hook' (*ger-2): CRAMP, CRAMPON.

crappen (MDu) 'to tear off': CRAP.

cratsen (MDu) 'to scrape' (*grat-): SCRATCH. Cf. G Krätze, kratzen.

crulle (MDu) 'curly' (*ger-2): CURL, CRULLER.

cruyse (MDu) 'pot' (*ger-2): CRUSE.

dabben (MDu) 'to tap': DAB, DABBLE.

damp (MDu) 'smoke, vapor': DAMP.

dappen (MDu) 'heavy, strong,' later 'quick, strong': DAPPER.

de (MDu) 'the' (*to-): DAFFODIL, DECOY.

dec, decke (MDu) 'roof, covering' (*steg-2): DECK. Cf. G Deck.

deel (MDu) 'part': FIRKIN.

dekken (MDu) 'to cover' (*steg-2): DECK.

dele (MDu) 'plank' (*tel-): DEAL. Cf. G Diele.

dijc (MDu) 'ditch, pool, mound, dam': DIKE.

docke (MDu) 'doll': DOXY.

doek, doec (MDu) 'duck': DUCK.

doner, donre, donder (MDu) 'thunder' (*stenª-): BLUNDERBUSS, DUNDERHEAD.

doopen (MDu) 'to dip' (*dub-): DOPE.

doten (MDu) 'to be silly': DOTE.

drillen (MDu) 'to drill' (*terª-1): DRILL. Cf. G drall, drillen.

droll (MDu) 'to make fun of': DROLL, DROLLERY. G drollig. F drôle.

duit (MDu) 'a small coin' (*twei-): DOIT.

dûken (MDu) 'to duck': DUIKER.

dul (MDu) 'dull': DULL.

dûne (MDu) 'sandy hill' (*dûnaz): DUNE. Cf. G Düne.

duutsch (MDu) 'German, of the Germans' (*teutâ-): DUTCH, PLATTDEUTSCH. Cf. G deutsch.

eerde, aerde (MDu) 'earth': AARDVARK, AARDWOLF.

elf (MDu) 'elf': ERLKING.

eten (MDu) 'to eat' (*ed-): ORT. Du eten (< MDu = OE etan).

fokken (MDu) 'to strike, copulate with': FUCK.

fûke (MDu) 'fyke': FYKE.

gabbelen (MDu) 'to gabble': GABBLE.

gaderen (MDu) 'to gather': FORGATHER, GARBOARD.

gheboer, ghebuer (MDu) 'peasant' (*bheuª-): BOER, BOOR. Cf. G Bauer.

ghenôt (MDu) 'fellow' (*neud-): MATELOTE.

gijben (ModDu), obs. 'to shift a sail, jibe': JIBE.

glisteren (MDu) 'to shine' (*ghel-2): GLISTER.

grabben (MDu) 'to seize' (*ghrebh-1): GRAB. Cf. G grabbeln.

grave (MDu) 'count': MARGRAVE, PALSGRAVE.

groeve (MDu) 'ditch' (*ghrebh-2): GROOVE.

grof (MDu) 'harsh' (*kreup-): GRUFF.

groot (MDu) 'thick' (*ghrêu-): GROAT.

gulden (MDu) 'golden' (*ghel-2): GULDEN, GUILDER.

gulpen (MDu) 'to gulp': GULP.

hals (MDu) 'neck' (*kwel-1): RINGHALS. Cf. G Hals.

hame (MDu) 'hame' (*tkei-): HAME.

hankeren (ModDu, dial.) 'to long for' (*konk-): HANKER.

heiden (MDu) 'heathen' (*kaito-): HOYDEN.

here (MDu) 'master, lord' (*kei-2): YUONKER.

hert (MDu) 'hart' (*ker-1): HARTEBEEST.

hobbelen (MDu) 'to roll': HOBBY.

hoei, hoede (MDu) 'hoy': HOY.

hok (MDu) 'prison': HOCK.

hôk, hoec (MDu) 'hook' (*keg-): HOOKER.

hokester (MDu) 'one who squats, peddler': HUCKSTER.

holster (ModDu) 'holster' (*kel-2): HOLSTER.

honc (MDu) 'hiding place': HUNKY-DORY.

hond (MDu) 'dog' (*kwon-): KEESHOND.

hoppe (MDu) 'the hop plant': HOP.

houden (MDu) 'to hold' (*haldan): AVAST.

hûlen (MDu) 'to howl (like an owl)': HOWL.

hûs (MDu) 'house': HUSK, HUSKY.

hutsen (MDu) 'to shake': HUSTLE.

huus (MDu) 'sturgeon': ISINGLASS.

jagen (ModDu) 'to chase, hunt': YACHT.

jonefrouwe (MDu) 'maiden': EUPHROE.

kille (MDu) 'stream': KILL.

-kin, -kijn (MDu), dim. suffix: -KIN.

kip (MDu) 'bundle of hides': KIP.

kitte (MDu) 'jug, tankard': KIT.

klampe (MDu) 'metal clasp' (*gel-1): CLAMP. Cf. G Klampe, Klampfe.

knoppe (MDu) 'knot in wood, knob' (*gen-): KNOP.

koeke (MDu) 'a cake' (*kak-2): COOKY.

krâken (MDu) 'to crack' (*gerª-2): CRACKNEL.

krimpen (MDu) 'to shrink, wrinkle, shrivel': CRIMP.

krônen (MDu) 'to groan, lament' (*gerª-2): CROON.

kûpe (MDu) 'cask, tub, basket' (*ku-): COOPER.

kwaken (ModDu) 'to quack': QUACK.

lacke, lac (MDu) 'deficiency, fault': LACK.

laege (MDu) 'box': LAYETTE.

lamper (MDu) 'veil': LAMBREQUIN.

land (MDu) 'land' (*lendh-2): BILANDER, LANDSCAPE, UITLANDER.

leger (MDu) 'lair, camp' (*legh-): BELEAGUER, LEAGUER.

leggen (MDu) 'to lay': LEDGER.

lichten (MDu) 'to lighten': LIGHTER.

liggen (MDu) 'to lie': LEDGER.

-lijc (MDu), adj.-forming suffix (*lîk-): FROLIC. Cf. G fröhlich.

linde (ModDu) 'lime-tree': LINDEN.

loeris (ModDu, obs.) 'simpleton, clown': LORIS.

log (ModDu) 'lazy, slack' (*sleu-): LOGY.

lont (ModDu) 'match, wick': LINSTOCK.

loopen (MDu) 'to leap, run' (*hlaupan): INTERLOPE, ORLOP.

lumpe (MDu) 'lumpfish': LUMPFISH.

maffelen (MDu) 'to eat voraciously': GALLIMAUFRY.

mal (MDu) 'foolish, silly': MALLEMUCH,.

malen (MDu) 'to paint': MAULSTICK. Cf. G Gemälde, malen.

malen (ModDu), obs. 'to grind, whirl around' (*melª-): MAELSTROM. Cf. G mahlen.

man (MDu) 'man' (*man-1): MANIKIN, MANNEQUIN. G Mannequin.

mark (MDu) 'border' (*merg-): MARGRAVE.

marren (MDu) 'to tie': MARLINE.

marsbanker (MDu) 'mossbunker': MOSSBUNKER.

masche, maesche (MDu) 'knitted fabric': MESH. Du maas. Cf. G Masche.

mât (MDu) 'meat': MATELOTE.

mijn (MDu) 'my' (*me-1): MYNHEER.

minne (MDu) 'love' (*men-1): MINIKIN.

mîte (MDu) 'insect, small object' (*mai-1): MITE.

mocke (MDu) 'bit, thing': MALLEMUCK.

mol, moll, molle (MDu) 'mole': MOLE.

mond (MDu) '(protecting) hand': MOUND.

mopen (MDu) 'to be dazed or dreamy': MOPE.

morghen (MDu) 'morning' (*mer-1): MORGEN.

mul (MDu) 'dust' (*melª-): MULL.

nebbe (MDu) 'beak' (*nabja-): NIB.

negghe (MDu) 'horse': NAG.

nipen (MDu) 'to bite' (*ken-2): NIP.

nippen (ModDu) 'to sip': NIP.

noppe (MDu) 'pile' (*ken-2): NAP.

nort (MDu) 'north' (*ner-1): NORSE.

oog (ModDu), obs. 'eye': PINK.

oor- (MDu) 'out' (*ud-): ORT, ORTS.

op (MDu) 'up' (*upo): UPROAR.

over (MDu) 'over' (*uper): ORLOP.

pad (MDu) 'way, path' (prob. < Iranian < *pent-): FOOTPAD.

pak (MDu) 'pack': PACK, PACKAGE, PACKET. G Gepäck, Pack, packen, Paket. F paque.

pegge (MDu) 'pin, peg' (prob. *bak-): PEG.

pîe (MDu), kind of coarse cloth: PEA_JACKET.

pike (MDu), kind of weapon: PIKE, PIKESTAFF.

pinck, pink (ModDu), obs. 'the little finger': PINK, PINKEYE, PINKIE.

pincke, pinke (MDu), kind of ship, 'pink': PINK.

pitte, pit (MDu) 'pit': PIT.

placken (MDu) 'to patch, paste': PLACARD, PLACKET, PLAQUE.

plugge (MDu) 'plug': PLUG.

plunderen (MDu) 'to rob (of household goods)': PLUNDER.

poken (MDu) 'to strike, thrust': POKE.

pompelmoss (ModDu) 'pompelmous': POMPELMOUS.

popelen (MDu) 'popple': POPPLE.

pronken (MDu) 'to strut': PRANK.

proppe (MDu) 'vine-prop, stopper': PROP.

quac- (MDu) 'unguent, liquid' in obs. Du quacksalver 'quacksalver' (*gwêbh-2): QUACKSALVER. G Quacksalver.

racken, recken (MDu) 'to stretch' (*reg-1): RACK.

raffel (MDu) 'a game of dice': RAFFLE.

rand (ModDu) 'strip, edge': RAND.

ranten (ModDu) 'to rant': RANT.

rasch (MDu) 'nimble, quick': RASH. Cf. G rasch.

ratel (MDu) 'ratel': RATEL.

ravelen (ModDu, obs.) 'to entangle': RAVEL.

rîden (MDu) 'to ride' (*reidh-): RITTER.

ril (MDu) 'running stream': RILL.

rinc (MDu) 'a ring' (*sker-3): RIBBON, RINGHALS.

roemen (ModDu) 'to praise': RUMMER. Cf. G anrüchig, berüchtigt, Beruf, berufen, Gerücht, ruchbar, rufen, Ruhm.

roer (MDu) 'motion' (*kerª-): UPROAR. Cf. G Aufruhr, Ruhr, rühren.

rommelen (MDu) 'to rumble': RUMBLE.

rompe (MDu) 'wrinkle' (*skerbh-): RUMPLE.

roost (MDu) 'gridiron': ROOSTER, ROSTER.

rôven (MDu) 'to rob' (*reup-): ROVER.

ruim (MDu) 'space' (*reuª-): RUMMAGE, RUN.

rund (ModDu) 'small ox': RUNT.

ruum, rume (MDu) 'rhumb line, room, space': RHUMB, RUMBA.

saet (MDu) 'seed' (*sê-1): COLZA.

salven (MDu) 'to anoint, salve' (*selp-): QUACKSALVER. G Quacksalber.

-scap (MDu) 'condition' (*skep-): LANDSCAPE. Cf. G Landschaft.

scherm (MDu) 'shield' (*sker-1): SCREEN. Cf. G Schirm.

schip (MDu) 'ship' (*skipam): SCHIPPERKE, SKIPPER.

schîve (MDu) 'a slice': SHIVE.

schlag (MDu) 'a blow': ONSLAUGHT.

schoffel, schuffel (MDu) 'a shovel, hoe' (*skeubh-): SCUFFLE.

schôle (MDu) 'troop' (*skel-1): SCHOOL, SHOAL. Via a sense 'division.'

schoon (MDu) 'beautiful, bright' (*keu-1): SCONE.

schôpe (MDu) 'bucket for bailing water' (*skep-): SCOOP.

schôren (MDu) 'to prop up': SHORE. Cf. G Schornstein.

schot (MDu) 'crossbar, wooden partition': WAINSCOT.

schrabben (MDu) 'to scrape' (*sker-1): SCRABBLE.

schrobben (MDu) 'to scrape' (*sker-1): SCRUB. Cf. G schrubben.

schrode (MDu) 'a slice, shred' (*skreu-): SCROD.

schuin (ModDu) 'sideways, slanting': ASQUINT.

schûm (MDu) 'scum' (*skeu-): SCUM.

schûte (MDu), kind of boat, 'scout' (*skeud-): SCOUT.

scoude, scouwe (MDu), kind of boat, 'scow': SCOW.

slacke (MDu) 'dross, fragment': SLACK.

slag (MDu) 'a blow' (*slak-): ONSLAUGHT.

slêde (MDu) 'a sled' (*sleidh-): SLEIGH. Cf. G Schlitten.

sleedse (MDu) 'sleigh' (*sleidh-): SLEDGE.

slimp, slim (MDu) 'slanting, bad' (*leb-1): SLIM.

sloep (ModDu) 'sloop' (*sleubh-): SLOOP.

slof (MDu) 'negligent': SLOVEN.

sloor (MDu) 'sluttish woman, mud': SLUR.

slot (MDu) 'door bolt, lock' (*kleu-3): SLOT. Cf. G beschließen, entschließen, schließen, Schloß, Schluß, Schlüssel.

slurpen (MDu) 'to slurp, lap' (*srebh-): SLURP.

smacke (MDu) 'kind of ship, smack': SMACK.

smacken (MDu) 'to taste, smack the lips' (*smeg-): SMACK.

smelten (MDu) 'to smelt' (*mel-1): SMELT. Cf. G schmelzen.

smokkelen (ModDu) 'to smuggle': SMUGGLE.

snack, snac (MDu) 'a bite': SNACK.

snappen (MDu) 'to snap at': SNAP.

snare (MDu) 'string' (*sner-2): SNARE.

sneopan (MDu) 'to eat on the sly, pry' (*snu-): SNOOP.

snîjden (MDu) 'to cut' (*sneit-): SNICKERSNEE. Cf. G Durchschnitt, schneiden, Schneise, Schnitt, Schnitte, schnitzen.

snoec (MDu) 'pike': SNOOK.

snuffelen (MDu) 'to sniff at' (*snu-): SNUFFLE.

snuffen (MDu) 'to snuffle' (*snu-): SNUFF.

snute, snut (MDu) 'snout' (*snu-): SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOUT. Cf. G schneuzen.

somp (MDu) 'swamp': SUMP.

spange (MDu) 'clasp': SPANGLE.

spannen (MDu) 'to bind' (*spen-): SPAN.

spatten (MDu) 'to spatter': SPATTER.

speauter (MDu) 'spelter': SPELTER.

spekkel (MDu) 'speckle': SPECKLE.

spile (MDu) 'bar': SPILE, SPILL.

spitz (MDu) 'pointed': SPITZENBURG.

splente, splinte (MDu) 'splint' (*splei-): SPLINT.

splinter (MDu) 'splinter' (*splei-): SPLINTER.

splissen (MDu) 'to splice' (*splei-): SPLICE.

splitten (MDu) 'to split' (*splei-): SPLIT.

spoele (MDu) 'spool': SPOOL.

spoocke (MDu) 'spook': SPOOK.

spoor, spor (MDu) 'track of an animal' (*sperª-): SPOOR. Cf. G Spur.

spouten, spoiten (MDu) 'to spout forth' (*spyeu-): SPOUT.

spraeyen (MDu) 'to spray': SPRAY.

sprenkelen (MDu) 'to sprinkle': SPRINKLE.

sprigge, sprigg (MDu) 'sprig': SPRIG.

springen (MDu) 'to leap' (*spergh-): KLIPSPRINGER, SPRINGBOK.

sprouwe (MDu) 'sprue': SPRUE.

sputteren (ModDu) 'to sputter' (*spyeu-): SPUTTER.

stad, stat (MDu) 'place' (*stâ-): STADHOLDER.

staeye (MDu) 'rope used to support a mast': STAY.

stapel (MDu) 'pillar, foundation' (*stebh-): STAPLE. Cf. G Etappe, Staffel, Stapel.

steen (MDu) 'stone' (*stei-): STEENBOK.

steken (MDu) 'to stick, stab' (*steig-): ETIQUETTE, SNICKERSNEE, TICKET. Cf. G bestechen, ersticken, Etikett, Etikette, stechen, stecken.

stip (MDu) 'tip, point' (*steip-): STIPPLE.

stoep (MDu) 'stoop' (*stebh-): STOOP. Cf. G Stufe.

stok (MDu) 'stick': LINSTOCK, MAULSTICK (by translation).

stoken (MDu) 'to poke, thrust' (*steu-): STOKE, STOKER. Cf. G stochern.

stom (MDu) 'mute' (*stam-): STUM. Cf. G stumm.

stove (MDu) 'heated chamber': STOVE.

striken (MDu) 'to strike': TRICOT.

strîpe (MDu) 'stripe': STRIP, STRIPE.

stroom (ModDu) 'stream' (*sreu-): MAELSTROM.

stuyver (MDu) 'stiver' (*steu-): STIVER.

swabbe (MDu) 'mop, splash': SWAB.

swijch (MDu) 'bough, twi': SWITCH.

swîn (MDu) 'swine': KEELSON.

swinghel (MDu) 'instrument for beating hemp' (*swengw-): SWINGLETREE.

tâle (MDu) 'speech, language' (*del-2): TAAL.

tappe (MDu) 'spigot': TATTOO.

toe (MDu) 'to': TATTOO.

tonghe (MDu) 'tongue' (*dnghû): BILTONG.

traen (MDu) 'tear, drop': TRAIN_OIL.

trappe (MDu) 'stair' (*der-1): WENTLETRAP. Cf. G Treppe.

trekken (MDu) 'to pull, draw, travel': TREK.

trippen (MDu) 'to stamp, trample' (*der-1): TRIP.

trisen (MDu) 'trice': TRICE.

tromme (MDu) 'drum': DRUM.

tûten (MDu) 'toot': TOOT.

ute, uut (MDu) 'out' (*ud-): OUTLANDER, UITLANDER. Cf. G Ausländer.

ûteren (MDu) 'to drive away, speak out' (*ud-): UTTER. Cf. G äusser, äusserlich.

vallen (MDu) 'to fall': OFFAL. Cf. G Abfall.

vang (ModDu) 'rope for fastening a sail' (*pag-): VANG.

varken (MDu) 'pig' (*porko-): AARDVARK.

vast (MDu) 'firm, fast' (*past-): AVAST.

veld, velt (MDu) 'field' (*pelª-2): VELDT.

ver- (MDu), prefix with various senses (*per 1): FRUMP.

verliezan (ModDu) 'to lose' (ver- + *leu-1): FORLORN_HOPE. Cf. G verlieren, Verlies, Verlust.

verlof (MDu) 'leave, permission' (ver- + *leubh-): FURLOUGH.

vierde (MDu) 'fourth' (*kwetwer-): FIRKIN. Cf. G vierte.

vieren (MDu) 'to let out, slacken' (*per 1): VEER.

vische, vis (MDu) 'fish' (*peisk-): WEAKFISH.

vitsau (MDu) 'fitchew': FITCH, FITCHEW.

vlâghe (MDu) 'gust, blast': FLAW.

vlûwe (MDu) 'fishnet': FLUE.

vogel (MDu) 'bird': AASVOGEL.

vracht, vrecht (MDu) 'earnings, hire for a ship, freight' (*êik-): FRAUGHT, FREIGHT. Cf. G Fracht.

vrij (ModDu) 'free' (*prî-): FILIBUSTER.

vro (MDu) 'leaping with joy, happy' (*preu-): FROLIC. Cf. G fröhlich.

vrouwe (MDu) 'woman' (*per 1): VROUW.

vuist (ModDu) 'fist' (*penkwe): FOIST.

wachten (MDu) 'to watch, guard': WAFT.

waefel (ModDu, obs.) 'honeycomb' (*webh-): WAFFLE. Cf. G Waffel.

wagen (MDu) 'wagon' (*wegh-): WAGON, WAINSCOT. G Waggon.

walrus (ModDu) 'walrus': WALRUS.

weec (MDu) 'weak, soft' (*weik-4): WEAKFISH.

welteren (MDu) 'to roll' (*wel-3): WELTER.

wenden (MDu) 'to turn' (*wendh-): WENTLETRAP. Cf. G Wendeltreppe.

wiggelen (MDu) 'to move back and forth, wag' (*wegh-): WIGGLE.

wijting (MDu) 'whiting' (*kweit-): WHITING.

wild (Du) 'wild' (*welt-): WILDEBEEST.

wimmel (MDu) 'auger': GIMLET, WIMBLE.

winde (MDu) 'windlass': WINZE.

wippen (MDu) 'to swing' (*weip-): WHIP.

wolf, wulf (MDu) 'wolf' (*wlkwo-): AARDWOLF.