Dutch
aan (MDu) 'on' (*an 1): ONSLAUGHT. Du aanslag.
aerde, eerde (MDu) 'earth' (*er-2): AARDVARK, AARDWOLF.
af (MDu) 'off': OFFAL. Cf. G Abfall.
baes (MDu) 'master': BOSS.
band (MDu) 'band': RIBBON.
berch (MDu) 'hill': SPITZENBURG.
berme, barm (MDu) 'edge of a dike' (*bhrem-2): BERM.
bie (MDu) 'by' (*ambhi): BILANDER. Du be-, bij, bijlander.
bille (MDu) 'buttock' (*bhel-2): BILTONG.
bruun (MDu > Du bruin) 'brown' (*bher-3): BRUINS.
blaf (MDu) 'flat, broad': BLUFF.
blas, blase (MDu) 'bladder' (*bhlê-2): ISINGLASS.
blasen (MDu) 'to blow up': BLASé. G blasiert.
bleren (MDu) 'to roar', blase: BLARE.
bles (MDu) 'white spot' (*bhel-1): BLAZE, BLESBOK.
blinken (MDu) 'to glitter, shine': BLINK (?)
blok (MDu) 'trunk of a tree': BLOC, BLOCK, BLOCKADE. Cf. G Block, Blockade, blockieren.
bloot (MDu) 'naked, exposed': BLOT.
bluffen (MDu) 'to swell up': BLUFF.
bluyster (MDu) 'a blister': BLISTER.
boc, bok (MDu) 'buck' (*bhugo-): BLESBOK, BONTGEBOK, SPRINGBOK, STEENBOK.
bodel (MDu) 'riches, property' (*bheuª-): BOODLE.
bodem (ModDu) 'ship's bottom' (*bhudh-): BOTTOMRY.
boek, bôk (MDu) 'beech' (*bhâgo-): BUCKWHEAT.
boele (MDu) 'sweetheart': BULLY. Cf. G Buhle.
boeye (MDu) 'buoy,' perhaps ultimately from Gr boeiai (4-5) 'straps of ox leather,' der. of bous (3-5): BUOY, BUOYANT. G Boje. F bouée. It boia. Sp boya.
boksboon (MDu) 'buckbean': BUCKBEAN (by translation).
bolle (MDu) 'round object' (*bhel-2): BOLL.
bom (MDu) 'tree' *(*baumaz:): BOOM.
bom (ModDu), kind of fishing boat: BUMBOAT.
bondel (MDu) 'sheaf of papers, bundle' (*bhendh-): BUNDLE. Cf. G Bündel.
bont (MDu) 'league': BONSPIEL.
bort (MDu) 'plank': GARBOARD.
bouwen (MDu) 'to cultivate' (*bheuª-): BOWERY. Cf. G Bau, bauen, erbauen, Gebäude.
brabbelen (MDu) 'to jabber': BRABBLE.
brac (MDu) 'salty': BRACKISH.
braeke (MDu) 'crushing instrument, stopping gear': BRAKE.
branden (ModDu) 'to burn' (*gwher-): BRANDY. Cf. G Brandung, Branntwein.
bremme (MDu) 'broom': BREAM.
bruun (MDu > Du bruin) 'brown' (*bher-3): BRUINS.
bundel (MDu) 'sheaf of papers, bundle': BUNDLE.
burch (MDu) 'town' (*bhergh-2): BURGOMASTER.
bûsen (MDu) 'to carouse': BOOZE.
butte (MDu) 'flatfish' (*bhau-): BUTT, HALIBUT.
canne (MDu) 'can, vessel': CANNIKIN.
clappen (MDu) 'to crack, split': CLAPBOARD.
clinken, klinken (MDu) 'to clink': CLINK, CLINKER, CLINQUANT.
clove (MDu) 'a cleft' (*gleubh-): KLOOF.
cnoppe (MDu) 'knob, bud' (*gen-): KNOBKERRIE.
codde (MDu) 'cylindrical piece of wood': GADROON.
coet, cuut (MDu) 'coot': COOT.
crâghe (MDu) 'throat': SCRAG.
crampe (MDu) 'hook' (*ger-2): CRAMP, CRAMPON.
crappen (MDu) 'to tear off': CRAP.
cratsen (MDu) 'to scrape' (*grat-): SCRATCH. Cf. G Krätze, kratzen.
crulle (MDu) 'curly' (*ger-2): CURL, CRULLER.
cruyse (MDu) 'pot' (*ger-2): CRUSE.
dabben (MDu) 'to tap': DAB, DABBLE.
damp (MDu) 'smoke, vapor': DAMP.
dappen (MDu) 'heavy, strong,' later 'quick, strong': DAPPER.
de (MDu) 'the' (*to-): DAFFODIL, DECOY.
dec, decke (MDu) 'roof, covering' (*steg-2): DECK. Cf. G Deck.
deel (MDu) 'part': FIRKIN.
dekken (MDu) 'to cover' (*steg-2): DECK.
dele (MDu) 'plank' (*tel-): DEAL. Cf. G Diele.
dijc (MDu) 'ditch, pool, mound, dam': DIKE.
docke (MDu) 'doll': DOXY.
doek, doec (MDu) 'duck': DUCK.
doner, donre, donder (MDu) 'thunder' (*stenª-): BLUNDERBUSS, DUNDERHEAD.
doopen (MDu) 'to dip' (*dub-): DOPE.
doten (MDu) 'to be silly': DOTE.
drillen (MDu) 'to drill' (*terª-1): DRILL. Cf. G drall, drillen.
droll (MDu) 'to make fun of': DROLL, DROLLERY. G drollig. F drôle.
duit (MDu) 'a small coin' (*twei-): DOIT.
dûken (MDu) 'to duck': DUIKER.
dul (MDu) 'dull': DULL.
dûne (MDu) 'sandy hill' (*dûnaz): DUNE. Cf. G Düne.
duutsch (MDu) 'German, of the Germans' (*teutâ-): DUTCH, PLATTDEUTSCH. Cf. G deutsch.
eerde, aerde (MDu) 'earth': AARDVARK, AARDWOLF.
elf (MDu) 'elf': ERLKING.
eten (MDu) 'to eat' (*ed-): ORT. Du eten (< MDu = OE etan).
fokken (MDu) 'to strike, copulate with': FUCK.
fûke (MDu) 'fyke': FYKE.
gabbelen (MDu) 'to gabble': GABBLE.
gaderen (MDu) 'to gather': FORGATHER, GARBOARD.
gheboer, ghebuer (MDu) 'peasant' (*bheuª-): BOER, BOOR. Cf. G Bauer.
ghenôt (MDu) 'fellow' (*neud-): MATELOTE.
gijben (ModDu), obs. 'to shift a sail, jibe': JIBE.
glisteren (MDu) 'to shine' (*ghel-2): GLISTER.
grabben (MDu) 'to seize' (*ghrebh-1): GRAB. Cf. G grabbeln.
grave (MDu) 'count': MARGRAVE, PALSGRAVE.
groeve (MDu) 'ditch' (*ghrebh-2): GROOVE.
grof (MDu) 'harsh' (*kreup-): GRUFF.
groot (MDu) 'thick' (*ghrêu-): GROAT.
gulden (MDu) 'golden' (*ghel-2): GULDEN, GUILDER.
gulpen (MDu) 'to gulp': GULP.
hals (MDu) 'neck' (*kwel-1): RINGHALS. Cf. G Hals.
hame (MDu) 'hame' (*tkei-): HAME.
hankeren (ModDu, dial.) 'to long for' (*konk-): HANKER.
heiden (MDu) 'heathen' (*kaito-): HOYDEN.
here (MDu) 'master, lord' (*kei-2): YUONKER.
hert (MDu) 'hart' (*ker-1): HARTEBEEST.
hobbelen (MDu) 'to roll': HOBBY.
hoei, hoede (MDu) 'hoy': HOY.
hok (MDu) 'prison': HOCK.
hôk, hoec (MDu) 'hook' (*keg-): HOOKER.
hokester (MDu) 'one who squats, peddler': HUCKSTER.
holster (ModDu) 'holster' (*kel-2): HOLSTER.
honc (MDu) 'hiding place': HUNKY-DORY.
hond (MDu) 'dog' (*kwon-): KEESHOND.
hoppe (MDu) 'the hop plant': HOP.
houden (MDu) 'to hold' (*haldan): AVAST.
hûlen (MDu) 'to howl (like an owl)': HOWL.
hûs (MDu) 'house': HUSK, HUSKY.
hutsen (MDu) 'to shake': HUSTLE.
huus (MDu) 'sturgeon': ISINGLASS.
jagen (ModDu) 'to chase, hunt': YACHT.
jonefrouwe (MDu) 'maiden': EUPHROE.
kille (MDu) 'stream': KILL.
-kin, -kijn (MDu), dim. suffix: -KIN.
kip (MDu) 'bundle of hides': KIP.
kitte (MDu) 'jug, tankard': KIT.
klampe (MDu) 'metal clasp' (*gel-1): CLAMP. Cf. G Klampe, Klampfe.
knoppe (MDu) 'knot in wood, knob' (*gen-): KNOP.
koeke (MDu) 'a cake' (*kak-2): COOKY.
krâken (MDu) 'to crack' (*gerª-2): CRACKNEL.
krimpen (MDu) 'to shrink, wrinkle, shrivel': CRIMP.
krônen (MDu) 'to groan, lament' (*gerª-2): CROON.
kûpe (MDu) 'cask, tub, basket' (*ku-): COOPER.
kwaken (ModDu) 'to quack': QUACK.
lacke, lac (MDu) 'deficiency, fault': LACK.
laege (MDu) 'box': LAYETTE.
lamper (MDu) 'veil': LAMBREQUIN.
land (MDu) 'land' (*lendh-2): BILANDER, LANDSCAPE, UITLANDER.
leger (MDu) 'lair, camp' (*legh-): BELEAGUER, LEAGUER.
leggen (MDu) 'to lay': LEDGER.
lichten (MDu) 'to lighten': LIGHTER.
liggen (MDu) 'to lie': LEDGER.
-lijc (MDu), adj.-forming suffix (*lîk-): FROLIC. Cf. G fröhlich.
linde (ModDu) 'lime-tree': LINDEN.
loeris (ModDu, obs.) 'simpleton, clown': LORIS.
log (ModDu) 'lazy, slack' (*sleu-): LOGY.
lont (ModDu) 'match, wick': LINSTOCK.
loopen (MDu) 'to leap, run' (*hlaupan): INTERLOPE, ORLOP.
lumpe (MDu) 'lumpfish': LUMPFISH.
maffelen (MDu) 'to eat voraciously': GALLIMAUFRY.
mal (MDu) 'foolish, silly': MALLEMUCH,.
malen (MDu) 'to paint': MAULSTICK. Cf. G Gemälde, malen.
malen (ModDu), obs. 'to grind, whirl around' (*melª-): MAELSTROM. Cf. G mahlen.
man (MDu) 'man' (*man-1): MANIKIN, MANNEQUIN. G Mannequin.
mark (MDu) 'border' (*merg-): MARGRAVE.
marren (MDu) 'to tie': MARLINE.
marsbanker (MDu) 'mossbunker': MOSSBUNKER.
masche, maesche (MDu) 'knitted fabric': MESH. Du maas. Cf. G Masche.
mât (MDu) 'meat': MATELOTE.
mijn (MDu) 'my' (*me-1): MYNHEER.
minne (MDu) 'love' (*men-1): MINIKIN.
mîte (MDu) 'insect, small object' (*mai-1): MITE.
mocke (MDu) 'bit, thing': MALLEMUCK.
mol, moll, molle (MDu) 'mole': MOLE.
mond (MDu) '(protecting) hand': MOUND.
mopen (MDu) 'to be dazed or dreamy': MOPE.
morghen (MDu) 'morning' (*mer-1): MORGEN.
mul (MDu) 'dust' (*melª-): MULL.
nebbe (MDu) 'beak' (*nabja-): NIB.
negghe (MDu) 'horse': NAG.
nipen (MDu) 'to bite' (*ken-2): NIP.
nippen (ModDu) 'to sip': NIP.
noppe (MDu) 'pile' (*ken-2): NAP.
nort (MDu) 'north' (*ner-1): NORSE.
oog (ModDu), obs. 'eye': PINK.
oor- (MDu) 'out' (*ud-): ORT, ORTS.
op (MDu) 'up' (*upo): UPROAR.
over (MDu) 'over' (*uper): ORLOP.
pad (MDu) 'way, path' (prob. < Iranian < *pent-): FOOTPAD.
pak (MDu) 'pack': PACK, PACKAGE, PACKET. G Gepäck, Pack, packen, Paket. F paque.
pegge (MDu) 'pin, peg' (prob. *bak-): PEG.
pîe (MDu), kind of coarse cloth: PEA_JACKET.
pike (MDu), kind of weapon: PIKE, PIKESTAFF.
pinck, pink (ModDu), obs. 'the little finger': PINK, PINKEYE, PINKIE.
pincke, pinke (MDu), kind of ship, 'pink': PINK.
pitte, pit (MDu) 'pit': PIT.
placken (MDu) 'to patch, paste': PLACARD, PLACKET, PLAQUE.
plugge (MDu) 'plug': PLUG.
plunderen (MDu) 'to rob (of household goods)': PLUNDER.
poken (MDu) 'to strike, thrust': POKE.
pompelmoss (ModDu) 'pompelmous': POMPELMOUS.
popelen (MDu) 'popple': POPPLE.
pronken (MDu) 'to strut': PRANK.
proppe (MDu) 'vine-prop, stopper': PROP.
quac- (MDu) 'unguent, liquid' in obs. Du quacksalver 'quacksalver' (*gwêbh-2): QUACKSALVER. G Quacksalver.
racken, recken (MDu) 'to stretch' (*reg-1): RACK.
raffel (MDu) 'a game of dice': RAFFLE.
rand (ModDu) 'strip, edge': RAND.
ranten (ModDu) 'to rant': RANT.
rasch (MDu) 'nimble, quick': RASH. Cf. G rasch.
ratel (MDu) 'ratel': RATEL.
ravelen (ModDu, obs.) 'to entangle': RAVEL.
rîden (MDu) 'to ride' (*reidh-): RITTER.
ril (MDu) 'running stream': RILL.
rinc (MDu) 'a ring' (*sker-3): RIBBON, RINGHALS.
roemen (ModDu) 'to praise': RUMMER. Cf. G anrüchig, berüchtigt, Beruf, berufen, Gerücht, ruchbar, rufen, Ruhm.
roer (MDu) 'motion' (*kerª-): UPROAR. Cf. G Aufruhr, Ruhr, rühren.
rommelen (MDu) 'to rumble': RUMBLE.
rompe (MDu) 'wrinkle' (*skerbh-): RUMPLE.
roost (MDu) 'gridiron': ROOSTER, ROSTER.
rôven (MDu) 'to rob' (*reup-): ROVER.
ruim (MDu) 'space' (*reuª-): RUMMAGE, RUN.
rund (ModDu) 'small ox': RUNT.
ruum, rume (MDu) 'rhumb line, room, space': RHUMB, RUMBA.
saet (MDu) 'seed' (*sê-1): COLZA.
salven (MDu) 'to anoint, salve' (*selp-): QUACKSALVER. G Quacksalber.
-scap (MDu) 'condition' (*skep-): LANDSCAPE. Cf. G Landschaft.
scherm (MDu) 'shield' (*sker-1): SCREEN. Cf. G Schirm.
schip (MDu) 'ship' (*skipam): SCHIPPERKE, SKIPPER.
schîve (MDu) 'a slice': SHIVE.
schlag (MDu) 'a blow': ONSLAUGHT.
schoffel, schuffel (MDu) 'a shovel, hoe' (*skeubh-): SCUFFLE.
schôle (MDu) 'troop' (*skel-1): SCHOOL, SHOAL. Via a sense 'division.'
schoon (MDu) 'beautiful, bright' (*keu-1): SCONE.
schôpe (MDu) 'bucket for bailing water' (*skep-): SCOOP.
schôren (MDu) 'to prop up': SHORE. Cf. G Schornstein.
schot (MDu) 'crossbar, wooden partition': WAINSCOT.
schrabben (MDu) 'to scrape' (*sker-1): SCRABBLE.
schrobben (MDu) 'to scrape' (*sker-1): SCRUB. Cf. G schrubben.
schrode (MDu) 'a slice, shred' (*skreu-): SCROD.
schuin (ModDu) 'sideways, slanting': ASQUINT.
schûm (MDu) 'scum' (*skeu-): SCUM.
schûte (MDu), kind of boat, 'scout' (*skeud-): SCOUT.
scoude, scouwe (MDu), kind of boat, 'scow': SCOW.
slacke (MDu) 'dross, fragment': SLACK.
slag (MDu) 'a blow' (*slak-): ONSLAUGHT.
slêde (MDu) 'a sled' (*sleidh-): SLEIGH. Cf. G Schlitten.
sleedse (MDu) 'sleigh' (*sleidh-): SLEDGE.
slimp, slim (MDu) 'slanting, bad' (*leb-1): SLIM.
sloep (ModDu) 'sloop' (*sleubh-): SLOOP.
slof (MDu) 'negligent': SLOVEN.
sloor (MDu) 'sluttish woman, mud': SLUR.
slot (MDu) 'door bolt, lock' (*kleu-3): SLOT. Cf. G beschließen, entschließen, schließen, Schloß, Schluß, Schlüssel.
slurpen (MDu) 'to slurp, lap' (*srebh-): SLURP.
smacke (MDu) 'kind of ship, smack': SMACK.
smacken (MDu) 'to taste, smack the lips' (*smeg-): SMACK.
smelten (MDu) 'to smelt' (*mel-1): SMELT. Cf. G schmelzen.
smokkelen (ModDu) 'to smuggle': SMUGGLE.
snack, snac (MDu) 'a bite': SNACK.
snappen (MDu) 'to snap at': SNAP.
snare (MDu) 'string' (*sner-2): SNARE.
sneopan (MDu) 'to eat on the sly, pry' (*snu-): SNOOP.
snîjden (MDu) 'to cut' (*sneit-): SNICKERSNEE. Cf. G Durchschnitt, schneiden, Schneise, Schnitt, Schnitte, schnitzen.
snoec (MDu) 'pike': SNOOK.
snuffelen (MDu) 'to sniff at' (*snu-): SNUFFLE.
snuffen (MDu) 'to snuffle' (*snu-): SNUFF.
snute, snut (MDu) 'snout' (*snu-): SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOOT, SNOUT. Cf. G schneuzen.
somp (MDu) 'swamp': SUMP.
spange (MDu) 'clasp': SPANGLE.
spannen (MDu) 'to bind' (*spen-): SPAN.
spatten (MDu) 'to spatter': SPATTER.
speauter (MDu) 'spelter': SPELTER.
spekkel (MDu) 'speckle': SPECKLE.
spile (MDu) 'bar': SPILE, SPILL.
spitz (MDu) 'pointed': SPITZENBURG.
splente, splinte (MDu) 'splint' (*splei-): SPLINT.
splinter (MDu) 'splinter' (*splei-): SPLINTER.
splissen (MDu) 'to splice' (*splei-): SPLICE.
splitten (MDu) 'to split' (*splei-): SPLIT.
spoele (MDu) 'spool': SPOOL.
spoocke (MDu) 'spook': SPOOK.
spoor, spor (MDu) 'track of an animal' (*sperª-): SPOOR. Cf. G Spur.
spouten, spoiten (MDu) 'to spout forth' (*spyeu-): SPOUT.
spraeyen (MDu) 'to spray': SPRAY.
sprenkelen (MDu) 'to sprinkle': SPRINKLE.
sprigge, sprigg (MDu) 'sprig': SPRIG.
springen (MDu) 'to leap' (*spergh-): KLIPSPRINGER, SPRINGBOK.
sprouwe (MDu) 'sprue': SPRUE.
sputteren (ModDu) 'to sputter' (*spyeu-): SPUTTER.
stad, stat (MDu) 'place' (*stâ-): STADHOLDER.
staeye (MDu) 'rope used to support a mast': STAY.
stapel (MDu) 'pillar, foundation' (*stebh-): STAPLE. Cf. G Etappe, Staffel, Stapel.
steen (MDu) 'stone' (*stei-): STEENBOK.
steken (MDu) 'to stick, stab' (*steig-): ETIQUETTE, SNICKERSNEE, TICKET. Cf. G bestechen, ersticken, Etikett, Etikette, stechen, stecken.
stip (MDu) 'tip, point' (*steip-): STIPPLE.
stoep (MDu) 'stoop' (*stebh-): STOOP. Cf. G Stufe.
stok (MDu) 'stick': LINSTOCK, MAULSTICK (by translation).
stoken (MDu) 'to poke, thrust' (*steu-): STOKE, STOKER. Cf. G stochern.
stom (MDu) 'mute' (*stam-): STUM. Cf. G stumm.
stove (MDu) 'heated chamber': STOVE.
striken (MDu) 'to strike': TRICOT.
strîpe (MDu) 'stripe': STRIP, STRIPE.
stroom (ModDu) 'stream' (*sreu-): MAELSTROM.
stuyver (MDu) 'stiver' (*steu-): STIVER.
swabbe (MDu) 'mop, splash': SWAB.
swijch (MDu) 'bough, twi': SWITCH.
swîn (MDu) 'swine': KEELSON.
swinghel (MDu) 'instrument for beating hemp' (*swengw-): SWINGLETREE.
tâle (MDu) 'speech, language' (*del-2): TAAL.
tappe (MDu) 'spigot': TATTOO.
toe (MDu) 'to': TATTOO.
tonghe (MDu) 'tongue' (*dnghû): BILTONG.
traen (MDu) 'tear, drop': TRAIN_OIL.
trappe (MDu) 'stair' (*der-1): WENTLETRAP. Cf. G Treppe.
trekken (MDu) 'to pull, draw, travel': TREK.
trippen (MDu) 'to stamp, trample' (*der-1): TRIP.
trisen (MDu) 'trice': TRICE.
tromme (MDu) 'drum': DRUM.
tûten (MDu) 'toot': TOOT.
ute, uut (MDu) 'out' (*ud-): OUTLANDER, UITLANDER. Cf. G Ausländer.
ûteren (MDu) 'to drive away, speak out' (*ud-): UTTER. Cf. G äusser, äusserlich.
vallen (MDu) 'to fall': OFFAL. Cf. G Abfall.
vang (ModDu) 'rope for fastening a sail' (*pag-): VANG.
varken (MDu) 'pig' (*porko-): AARDVARK.
vast (MDu) 'firm, fast' (*past-): AVAST.
veld, velt (MDu) 'field' (*pelª-2): VELDT.
ver- (MDu), prefix with various senses (*per 1): FRUMP.
verliezan (ModDu) 'to lose' (ver- + *leu-1): FORLORN_HOPE. Cf. G verlieren, Verlies, Verlust.
verlof (MDu) 'leave, permission' (ver- + *leubh-): FURLOUGH.
vierde (MDu) 'fourth' (*kwetwer-): FIRKIN. Cf. G vierte.
vieren (MDu) 'to let out, slacken' (*per 1): VEER.
vische, vis (MDu) 'fish' (*peisk-): WEAKFISH.
vitsau (MDu) 'fitchew': FITCH, FITCHEW.
vlâghe (MDu) 'gust, blast': FLAW.
vlûwe (MDu) 'fishnet': FLUE.
vogel (MDu) 'bird': AASVOGEL.
vracht, vrecht (MDu) 'earnings, hire for a ship, freight' (*êik-): FRAUGHT, FREIGHT. Cf. G Fracht.
vrij (ModDu) 'free' (*prî-): FILIBUSTER.
vro (MDu) 'leaping with joy, happy' (*preu-): FROLIC. Cf. G fröhlich.
vrouwe (MDu) 'woman' (*per 1): VROUW.
vuist (ModDu) 'fist' (*penkwe): FOIST.
wachten (MDu) 'to watch, guard': WAFT.
waefel (ModDu, obs.) 'honeycomb' (*webh-): WAFFLE. Cf. G Waffel.
wagen (MDu) 'wagon' (*wegh-): WAGON, WAINSCOT. G Waggon.
walrus (ModDu) 'walrus': WALRUS.
weec (MDu) 'weak, soft' (*weik-4): WEAKFISH.
welteren (MDu) 'to roll' (*wel-3): WELTER.
wenden (MDu) 'to turn' (*wendh-): WENTLETRAP. Cf. G Wendeltreppe.
wiggelen (MDu) 'to move back and forth, wag' (*wegh-): WIGGLE.
wijting (MDu) 'whiting' (*kweit-): WHITING.
wild (Du) 'wild' (*welt-): WILDEBEEST.
wimmel (MDu) 'auger': GIMLET, WIMBLE.
winde (MDu) 'windlass': WINZE.
wippen (MDu) 'to swing' (*weip-): WHIP.
wolf, wulf (MDu) 'wolf' (*wlkwo-): AARDWOLF.