Guided Reading 17-2
The (1)____________________ was an eighteenth-century philosophical movement of intellectuals who were greatly impresses with the achievements of the (2) ____________________ Revolution. (3) ____________________, natural law, hope, and (4) ____________________ were common words to the thinkers of the Enlightenment.
Montesquieu’s analysis of the system of checks and (5) ____________________ through separation of powers was his most lasting contribution to political thought. Voltaire was especially well known for his criticism of (6) ____________________ and his strong belief in religious toleration. Diderto’s most famous contribution to the Enlightenment was the (7) ____________________, or Classified Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and the Trades.
The (8) ____________________, a French group, were interested in identifying the natural economic laws that governed human society. They believed the state should not interrupt the free play of natural economic forces by imposing government (9) ____________________ on the economy. This doctrine became known as (10) ____________________ meaning “to let do.”
Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued for a social (11) ____________________ between the government and the people. Through a social contract, an entire society agrees to be (12) ____________________ by its general will. The English writer Mary (13) ____________________ advanced the strongest statement for the rights of women.
Many Enlightenment philosophers (14) ____________________ the Christian churches. But many also sought a deeper personal (15) ____________________ to God. (16) ____________________ proved that the need for a spiritual experience had not been eliminated by the eighteenth-century search for a reason.