Chapter 13 Vocabulary
European Union (EU): an organization whose goal is to unite all of Europe so that goods, services and workers can move freely among member countries.
Maastricht Treaty: a 1992 meeting of European governments in Maastricht, the Netherlands, that formed the European Union.
Heavy Industry: the manufacturing of machinery and equipment needed for factories and mines.
Light Industry: manufacturing aimed at making consumer goods such as textiles or food processing rather than heavy machinery.
Mixed Farming: raising several kinds of crops and livestock on the same farm.
Farm Cooperative: an origination in which farmers share in growing and selling farm production.
Collective Farming: under communism, a large, state-owned farm on which farmers received wages plus a share of products and profits; also called a kolkhoz
State Farming: under communism, a state-owned farm managed by state officials.
Genetically Modified Food: a food whose genes have been altered to make them grow bigger or faster or more resistance to pests.
Organic Farming: the use of natural substances rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops.
Dry Farming: farming method used in dry regions in which the land is plowed and planted deeply to hold water in the soil.
Acid Rain: precipitation carrying large amounts of dissolved acids which damages buildings. forests, crops, and killing wildlife.
Melt water: water formed by melting snow and ice.
Acid Disposition: wet or dry air born acid that fall to the earth.
Environmentalist: a person who is actively concerned with the quality and protection of the environment.
Greenhouse Effect: the capacity of certain gases in the atmosphere to trap heat, thereby arming the earth.
Global Warming: gradual warming of the earth and its atmosphere that may be caused in part by pollution and an increase in the greenhouse effect.
Biologist: scientist who studies plant and animal life.