Setup web server

LAMP (linux, apache, mysql and php) is a common web server stack. I use Raspberry Pi OS, apache2, sqlite3, python3. Any combination can be used. The choice is up to you.

• • Raspberry Pi OS is a distribution of linux debian

  • apache2 is a webserver

  • sqlite3 is a lightweight database

  • python3 is my language of choice

At times, I will also use php instead of python

Parts:

• • Raspberry Pi 3 running latest version of Raspberry PI OS (nee raspbian)

  • MacBook but a PC can be used (On a PC use putty to ssh and to open a terminal window)

Step 1. Open terminal window and Login

Step 2. Install apache2

Step 3. Install sqlite3

Some useful directories:

/var/www webpages

/var/www/cgi-bin python scripts

/etc/lighttpd conf files

/var/log/lighttpd log files

Step 4. [skip if using Raspberry Pi OS] Check if python3 is installed

Raspbian comes with python installed. Run to check if python3 is installed

$ which python3

/usr/bin/python3

If "which" doesn't return the above and instead just a pomrpt, then install python3

$ sudo apt-get install python3 -y

Step 5. Check if flask and pip3 are installed

Flask is a framework for building python-based web pages.

$ sudo apt-get install python3-flask -y

pip3 is a package manager for python.

$ which pip3

/usr/bin/pip3

If nothing comes back, then install pip3 using

$ sudo apt-get install python3-pip -y

Step 6. Create a simple home page

Run the command:

$ nano hello.py

and add:

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')

def index():

return 'Hello world'

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run(debug=True, port=5000, host='0.0.0.0')

Step 7. Check if it works

Start the python script running

$ python3 hello.py

In a browser open:

http://192.168.1.106:5000

Hello World

Type CTRL-c to exit the python script

If it doesn't work, then it is most likely due to security precautions done earlier

$ sudo ufw disable

$ sudo reboot

Retry the commands above and it should work.

Next reenable ufw and reboot

$ sudo dfw enable

Step 8. Install latest version of php

Find latest version of PHP on this link

On 27NOV2020, the latest ♣version♣ = 7.4

Find a version that will install. Run a command like:

$ sudo apt install --dry-run php♣version♣

7.4 won't install. So, drop down one version to 7.3, and retry

$ sudo apt install --dry-run php7.3

Repeat until a version is found. Do the same for sqlite3

As of 27NOV2020, this works:

$ sudo apt install php7.3 php7.3-sqlite3 -y

Step 9. Edit apache2.conf

On Raspbian aand Raspberry PI OS, apache's config file is apache2.conf (not httpd.conf) and it is located in: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Without flask, apache2.conf would need to be modified to make apache aware or able to run python scripts.

Raspberry PI OS and later use systemd (so don't use init.d).

Here are some common commands for the apache service.

$ sudo systemctl start apache2.service

$ sudo systemctl stop apache2.service

$ sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

To see status and logs

$ sudo systemctl status apache2.service

$ journalctl -xe