The Causes of Disease

HEALTH EDUCATION - Lesson 6 - Week 6/10

Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention (5)

HPE Lesson Plans - Health - KHE, 1HE, 2HE, 3HE, 4HE, 5HE

Safety | Mental, Social & Emotional Health | Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention | Growing Up Healthy

5TH GRADE VIRTUAL HEALTH

L1: How Medicines Help the Body| L2: Medicine Use, Misuse & Abuse | L3: Tobacco Affects Body Systems | L4: Alcohol Affects Body Systems | L5: Refusing Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drugs | L6: The Causes of Disease| L7: Pathogens & Infectious Diseases | L8: Disease and the Immune System | L9: When Someone Gets Ill | L10: Noninfectious Disease | EXTRA: Choosing a Healthy Life

Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention

The Causes of Disease

See below for the following:

Standard(s), Essential Question(s), Big Idea(s)


LEARNING TARGET / SUCCESS CRITERIA

I will know and be able to compare and contrast infectious and noninfectious diseases.

I will know and be able to list some ways to respond to people with disabilities.

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PRE-INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY

Vocabulary

disease - a condition that damages or weakens part of the body

infectious diseases - diseases that can be spread from person to person

noninfectious diseases - diseases that don't spread from person to person

pathogen - a tiny living thing that causes disease, most pathogens are microbes

microbes - living things too small to be seen without a microscope, most pathogens are microbes

infection - the growth of pathogens in the body

heredity - the passing of characteristics from parents to their children


OPENING (Engage)

Main Idea

There are many causes of disease.

Why Learn This?

You can use what you learn to help prevent disease.


WORK PERIOD (Explore/Explain/Extend/Elaborate)

READ: The Causes of Disease


Can you remember the last time you were ill? You probably had aches and pains and felt weak. You probably had to rest and couldn't do the things you normally do. You had a disease. A disease (dih-zEEZ) is a condition that damages or weakens part of the body.


Infectious diseases (in-FEK shuhs dih-zEB-zuhz) are diseases that can be spread from person to person. Maybe you caught chicken pox from a classmate when you were younger. Chicken pox is an infectious disease that spreads very easily. On the other hand, a grandparent's high blood pressure and a neighbor's diabetes do not spread from person to person. Diseases that don't spread from one person to another are called noninfectious diseases.


What are pathogens?


Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens. A pathogen (PA-thuh-juhn) is a tiny living thing that causes disease. Pathogens spread disease when they are passed from one person to another. They can pass between people because they are very small. In fact, most pathogens are microbes (MY-krohbz), which means they are living things too small to be seen without a microscope.


Pathogens cause disease only if they grow and multiply i the body. The growth of pathogens in the body is called an infection (in-FEK•shuhn), Some pathogens kill body cells, Others produce substances that are harmful to the body in Other ways, Once pathogens have multiplied and there is a large number of them in your body, they can make you feel ill.


Diseases caused by pathogens include colds, flu, chicken pox, and AIDS, Do you know of any others?


How can diseases be inherited?


Noninfectious diseases are not caused by pathogens. They are caused by other things such as diet and air pollution. Another cause of noninfectious diseases is heredity.


Heredity (huh-REH-duh-tee) is the passing of characteristics from parents to their children.

You have probably noticed that children often look like their parents. Your eyes might be the same color as your mom's or your nose might be the same shape as your dad's. You are like your parents in these and other ways because of heredity. You inherited these traits from your parents.


Some diseases are also inherited. Sickle cell anemia is one example. This disease affects the blood and causes attacks of pain and fever. Over time the disease can damage many parts of the body. People with sickle cell anemia inherit the disease from their parents, who may not even show any signs of the disease themselves.


Some diseases are caused partly by heredity and partly by other factors. These diseases often seem to "run in families." This means that people who have close relatives with one of these diseases are more likely to get the disease than people whose relatives don't have the disease. Heart disease and some kinds of cancer are diseases that depend partly on heredity.


How do lifestyle choices affect your chances of getting a disease?


Tom's father and grandfather both have heart disease. As a result, Tom has a greater chance of developing heart disease than the average person does. However, there are several healthful choices Tom can make that will lower his chances of getting heart disease. These choices include eating foods that are low in fat and getting plenty of exercise. Instead of choosing a bag of potato chips for a snack, Tom could choose an apple or yogurt. Instead of getting a ride to school, he could choose to walk.


These and similar choices people make every day set their lifestyle. Lifestyle is the way a person lives his or her life. Lifestyle plays a major role in health. People who usually make healthful lifestyle choices are less likely to become ill and more likely to live long lives.


Choosing not to use tobacco is one of the most important lifestyle choices anyone can make. People who use tobacco have a greater chance of getting several deadly diseases, including lung cancer and heart disease. When you choose not to use tobacco, you lower your chances of getting cancer and other deadly diseases.


Why should you be sensitive to people with illnesses and disabilities?


Imagine being the person in the wheelchair in the picture at the right. How do you think such a disability would affect where you could go and what you could do? How do you think it would affect how others would treat you and how you would feel about yourself?


Imagining you have a disability is a good way to become more sensitive to people who really have disabilities. People with disabilities must meet many challenges in their lives. Simple things that other people take for granted-riding a bus, taking a shower, even opening a door—

might be impossible for them to do without help. Help is appreciated when it is needed, but too much help can make people feel helpless. Let disabled people do the things they can do on their own.


Many people feel awkward around someone who is disabled or has a serious noninfectious disease. Instead of sitting with a person in a wheelchair at lunchtime, for example, they choose another table. Don't ignore people with disabilities and serious illnesses. Talk to them and get to know them. You will find that they are no different from anyone else.



REMEMBER...There are many causes of disease. You can use what you learn to help prevent disease.


CLOSING (Evaluate)


Standard(s)

HE5.1a - recognize the relationship between healthy behaviors and disease prevention

HE5.1b - describe and apply the basic personal health concepts of healthy eating and physical activity

HE5.1c - describe and apply the basic health concept of mental and emotional well-being

HE5.1d - describe and apply the basic health concept of personal hygiene and safety

HE5.1e - distinguish the short and long-term physical effects of use and/or misuse of substances

HE5.1f - identify trusted adults and when it might be important to seek health care or emergency help for themselves or others

HE5.1g - identify the changes that occur during puberty

HE5.1h - distinguish between tattling, reporting aggression, bullying, cyberbullying, and violence (physical and/or sexual) and how to report these instances

HE5.1i - identify strategies to avoid physical fighting and violence

HE5.2a - evaluate the influence of family and peers on personal health behaviors and decisions

HE5.2b - describe how the school and community can support personal health practices and behaviors

HE5.2c - explain how media/technology influences thoughts, feelings, and health behaviors

HE5.3a - identify characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.3b - access resources from home, school, and community that provide valid health information

HE5.3c - assess the characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.4a - apply effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to enhance health

HE5.4b - model effective nonviolent strategies to manage or resolve conflicts

HE5.4c - demonstrate how to ask for assistance to enhance personal health and the health of others

HE5.5a - identify health-related situations that might require a thoughtful decision

HE5.5b - list healthy options and possible consequences to a health-related issue or problem

HE5.5c - predict the potential outcomes of each option when making a health-related decision

HE5.5d - analyze when assistance is needed in making a health-related decision

HE5.5e - choose a healthy option when making a decision

HE5.5f - describe the outcomes of a health-related decision

HE5.6a - set a personal health goal and track progress toward its achievement

HE5.6b - identify and utilize resources to assist in achieving a personal health goal

HE5.7a - practice responsible personal health choices

HE5.7b - demonstrate a variety of healthy practices and behaviors to preserve or enhance personal health

HE5.7c - model a variety of behaviors that prevent or decrease health risks to self and/or others

HE5.8a - review accurate information and develop an opinion about a health issue

HE5.8b - advocate for positive health choices


Essential Question(s)


Big Idea(s)


RESOURCES / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


DCSD Board-Approved Instruction Materials


Technology