FIGHTING Infectious Diseases

HEALTH EDUCATION - Lesson 8 - Week 8/8

Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention (4)

HPE Lesson Plans - Health - KHE, 1HE, 2HE, 3HE, 4HE, 5HE

Safety | Mental, Social & Emotional Health | Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention | Growing Up Healthy

4TH GRADE VIRTUAL HEALTH

L1: Medicines Affect the Body| L2: Common Substances That Can Be Harmful | L3: How Tobacco Harms Body Systems | L4: How Alcohol Harms Body Systems | L5: Saying No to Alcohol & Tobacco | L6: Why People Become Ill| L7: Infectious Diseases | L8: Fighting Infectious Diseases | L9: Noninfectious Diseases | L10: Staying Well

Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention

Fighting Infectious Diseases

See below for the following:

Standard(s), Essential Question(s), Big Idea(s)


LEARNING TARGET / SUCCESS CRITERIA

I will list some of the body's defenses against disease.

I will explain the function of antibodies.

I will discuss how vaccines help the body fight certain diseases.

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PRE-INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY

Vocabulary

symptoms - signs or feelings of a disease (e.g. fever, runny nose, cough)

immune system - the body system that fights disease

white blood cells - an important part of the immune system that kills pathogens

mucus - a sticky liquid that coats the body's passageways to trap and destroy pathogens

cilia - small hairs that line the body's air passages to trap pathogens and push them out of the body

antibodies - chemicals made by the body that stick to a pathogen and either mark it or destroy it to help fight disease (if the antibodies mark the pathogen, the white blood cells comes and destroys the pathogen)

immunity - the body's ability to defend itself against certain kinds of pathogens

vaccines - substances made to prevent certain diseases


OPENING (Engage)

Main Idea

Your body can protect itself from diseases. You can help protect your body from diseases too.

Why Learn This?

You can use what you learn to help avoid getting diseases.


WORK PERIOD (Explore/Explain/Extend/Elaborate)

READ: Fighting Infectious Diseases

Aleesha is ill. She has a sore throat, a cough, a fever and body aches. Aleesha has symptoms of the flu. Symptoms (SIMP*tuhmz) are signs or feelings of a disease. A fever, or above-normal body temperature, is a common symptom of many diseases. A fever is one way the body fights pathogens.

How does the body fight disease?

Pathogens are around you all the time. Yet you get ill only now and then. What protects you from pathogens?

Your body defends itself against pathogens. The first defenses help keep pathogens from entering your body. These defenses include skin, cilia, mucus, saliva, and digestive juices. Find these defenses below, and read how each keeps pathogens out of the body.

The Body's Defenses

Sometimes pathogens get past these first defenses. Then your immune system goes to work. The immune system (ih*MYOON SIS*tuhm) is the body system that fights disease. An important part of the immune system is white blood cells, blood cells that kill pathogens. Some white blood cells are large enough to surround pathogens and destroy them.

Other white blood cells fight pathogens by making antibodies. Antibodies (AN*tih*bah*deez) are chemicals made by the body to help fight disease. Your body makes a different antibody for each kind of pathogen that enters it. An antibody sticks to a pathogen and either destroys it or marks it. If the antibody marks the pathogen, the large white blood cells come and destroy the pathogen.

Once your body has made an antibody for a certain pathogen, your body can have immunity to that pathogen. Immunity (ih*MYOO*nuh*tee) is the body's ability to defend itself against certain kinds of pathogens. For example, if you have chicken pox, your body will make an antibody just for the chicken-pox virus. This antibody can stick only to the chicken-pox virus. It will protect you from chicken-pox virus for the rest of your life.

There are two (2) types of immunity. Passive immunity occurs when a person receives antibodies to a disease from his/her mother during her pregnancy or through a vaccination. Active immunity develops when a person is exposed to antigens, or foreign substances, that stimulate the formation of antibodies in the blood.

How can you avoid disease?

Stacy has an eye infection called pinkeye. Bacteria cause this disease. Stacy's eyes feel itchy, so she rubs them. The pinkeye bacteria in her eyes get on her hands and fingers. When Stacy touches the checkers, the bacteria gets on the checkers. When Jared picks up a checker, he gets pinkeye bacteria on his fingers. Then he touches his face and eyes. Bacteria get into his eyes. In a few days Jared will have pinkeye too.

Even though your body is good at fighting pathogens, you can do some things to help your body avoid disease. On thing you can do is to stay away from people when they have an infectious disease. You can get some pathogens by touching infected people or objects they have touched. You can breathe in pathogens their bodies have released into the air.

You can avoid disease by not touching objects that could have pathogens on them. For example, don't put your mouth on the spout of a drinking fountain.

Of course, you touch hundreds of items every day. All of these items are likely to have pathogens on them., which then get on your hands. So one of the best ways to avoid disease is to wash your hands often during the day with soap and warm water. Always wash your hands before eating and after using the bathroom. If Jared had washed his hands before he touched his face and eyes, he probably wouldn't have gotten pinkeye. If you can't wash your hands, keep them away from your eyes, nose, and mouth.

If you cut or scrape your skin, pathogens can easily enter your body. To stop pathogens, wash the cut carefully with soap and warm water. Then cover the cut with a sterile bandage.

Using cleaning products can help you avoid disease. For example, you can spray disinfectant -- a chemical that kills pathogens -- on light switches, doorknobs, and other objects in your home. Using hot, soapy water to wash surfaces that come into contact with food also helps you kill pathogens.

How can vaccines protect you against disease?

Chris is getting a flu shot. Chris doesn't like getting the shot, but she knows it will probably keep her from getting the flu this year. The nurse has told Chris that the flu shot is a vaccine. Vaccines (vak*SEENZ) are substances made to prevent certain diseases. Most vaccines are given as shots. Some are taken by mouth.

Each vaccine protects you from one kind of disease. For example, one vaccine protects you from measles, another from polio, and another from mumps. Sometimes different vaccines are mixed and given together in one shot. There are no vaccines for some diseases, such as colds.

A vaccine used to prevent a disease is made from the pathogen or part of the pathogen that causes that illness. The pathogen is changed, however, so that it will not cause the disease when the vaccine is given. When the changed pathogen is put into your body, your body makes antibodies to fight the pathogen. The antibodies then give you immunity to the disease. If that pathogen ever spreads to you from another person, your body quickly destroys it. This prevents you from getting the disease.

Some vaccines give you immunity to a disease for life. Others give you immunity for only a short time. More vaccine is needed to boost your immunity, so you must be vaccinated again. If you don't get a booster, your body has weak immunity and you can get the disease. Look at the table below. Which vaccines need boosters?

VACCINATIONS

Doctors suggest that children more than six (6) months old who have chronic diseases such as asthma or heart disease get flu shots each year.


Remember your body can protect itself from diseases. You can help protect your body from diseases too. You can use what you have learned to help avoid getting diseases.


CLOSING (Evaluate)


Standard(s)

HE4.1a - recognize the relationship between health behavior and disease prevention

HE4.1d - describe basic health concepts of personal hygiene and safety 

HE4.2b - describe how the school and community can support personal health practices and behaviors                                                                 

HE4.7a - demonstrate a healthy behavior to improve personal health and wellness

HE4.7b - demonstrate behaviors to reduce health risks 


Essential Question(s)


Big Idea(s)


RESOURCES / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


DCSD Board-Approved Instruction Materials


Technology