Preparing for the Unexpected
HEALTH EDUCATION - Safety - Lesson 2 - Week 2/8
Safety (5)
HPE Lesson Plans - Health - KHE, 1HE, 2HE, 3HE, 4HE, 5HE
Safety | Mental, Social & Emotional Health | Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention | Growing Up Healthy
L1: School Bus Safety| L2: Preparing for the Unexpected | L3: Practicing Safety & First Aid | L4: Safety & Bicycling | L5: School Bus Safety | L6: Fire Safety | L7: Preventing Violence | L8: Organizations That Protect Public Health | EXTRA: Handling Community Emergencies
Safety
Preparing for the Unexpected
See below for the following:
Standard(s), Essential Question(s), Big Idea(s)
LEARNING TARGET / SUCCESS CRITERIA
I will recognize and reduce hazards that lead to unexpected injuries.
I will explain how to respond to emergency situations.
I will practice first aid for injuries.
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PRE-INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY
Vocabulary
hazard - something in the environment or some person's action that can cause harm
emergency - a situation that calls for quick action
first aid - immediate care given to an injured person
sterile bandage - a bandage free of pathogens (microscopic living things that cause infectious diseases)
concussion - a brain injury caused by a strong blow to the head / signs of a concussion include vomiting, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, weakness, poor balance, memory loss, and unconsciousness
OPENING (Engage)
Main Idea
Being aware of hazards and knowing how to reduce them helps prevent injuries. If an emergency occurs, certain first-aid steps can be taken.
Why Learn This?
What you learn can help you avoid injuries and aid you in an emergency.
WORK PERIOD (Explore/Explain/Extend/Elaborate)
READ: Preparing for the Unexpected
While shoveling snow, Lydia's dad slipped and fell. Fortunately, he had only a minor bruise on his leg. But some unexpected injuries can be serious. When you know what causes injuries, you can take steps to prevent them.
What causes injuries?
Some injuries occur when people are careless or tired. Some occur when people don't realize that an action can be dangerous. Below are some of the most common causes of injuries to people your age.
motor vehicle crashes
bicycle crashes
burns
drowning
poisoning
being shot by a firearm
falling
Being safe means being aware of possible dangers and knowing how to reduce them. The pictures on these two pages show everyday situations in which injuries can occur. In each situation being aware of the dangers and knowing how to be careful could help prevent injuries. Always think through your actions before you act.
Sometimes people like to show off or take risks. They might play dangerously in a swimming pool or race their bicycles on wet pavement. They might give someone a ride on bicycle handlebars or play with matches. These risks create hazards because they endanger the person doing them and other people as well.
A hazard is something in the environment or some person's action that can cause harm. If you notice a hazard or someone acting in a hazardous way, tell an adult as quickly as possible. The table below lists some common hazards.
COMMON HAZARDS
At home
wet or slippery floors or sidewalks
broken glass
medicines or chemicals within reach of children
electrical appliances being used near water
broken or frayed electrical cords
lit, unattended cigarettes, candles, fireplaces, or stoves
At school
people running in halls
people playing roughly, pushing, or fighting
In the neighborhood
speeding traffic
wet or slippery sidewalks
broken glass or trash on the ground
How should you respond to a serious injury?
When someone is seriously injured, it is an emergency. An emergency (ih-MeR•juhnt-see) is a situation that calls for quick action. If you come across an emergency situation, follow these three Emergency Action Steps.
Step1 - Perform a ten-second survey.
Quickly look over the scene. Try to answer the following questions. You will need this information when you call for help.
What happened?
How many people are injured?
What caused the injuries?
Are you or the injured people in any immediate danger of further injury?
Sometimes it is safest to call for help before taking a close look or approaching an injured person. For example, suppose a wrecked car is in the middle of moving traffic. Don't approach. It is unsafe.
Step 2 - Call 911 or your local emergency number.
Most communities have a 911 service for emergencies. If your community does not, look inside the front cover of a telephone directory for emergency phone numbers. When you call for help,
give the location of the emergency, including the street address and the names of the nearest cross streets.
give your phone number and name.
tell what happened and how many people need help.
describe the condition of the injured people and what is being done to help them.
Wait to make sure the operator doesn't need more information. Always hang up last.
CALL 911 FOR ANY OF THESE EMERGENCIES.
• drowning
• poisoning
• severe bleeding
• severe burns
• electrocution
• paralysis, or loss of the ability
• choking
• stopped heartbeat
• stopped or difficult breathing
• spinal cord injury
• unconsciousness
Step 3 - Care for the injured person.
If it is safe for you to do so, give first aid or comfort. In many cases, such as when there are possible broken bones or head or spinal cord injuries, the person should not be moved. Tell the inured person to lie still and that help is on the way. You may be able to make the person more comfortable with blankets or clothing. Speak comfortingly. Keep your voice calm and confident.
In some areas your call for help will bring an air ambulance. Air ambulances can fly into places far from roads and can travel much faster than ground ambulances. The crew usually includes a nurse and a paramedic or doctor.
CAREER - Paramedic
What They Do
Provide first aid and medical treatments
Transport injured people to hospitals
Work in teams of two
Work closely with fire and police departments
Education and Training
Paramedics must complete EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) training of 100 to 175 hours of classes plus 10 or more hours of work in a hospital emergency room. They must also have 750 or more hours of medical training and on-the-job experience.
What are first-aid steps for a serious injury?
Suppose you are playing on the playground and your friend falls and hurts himself. Would you know what to do? It is important to know first aid.
First aid is immediate care given to an injured person. For the injuries described here, the first thing you should do is stay calm and call for help.
First aid for a serious wound
Wounds are common injuries. Puncture wounds should always be seen by a doctor.
Cover your hands with latex gloves, if possible, and place a sterile bandage over the wound. A sterile bandage is a bandage free from pathogens.
If the wound is bleeding, push down firmly on the bandage. If you don't have gloves, use the victim's hand to apply pressure. Do not touch someone else's blood.
If no bones seem to be broken, raise the wounded part of the body above the level of the heart. This slows the flow of blood toward the wound.
First aid for burns
Burns are treated differently depending on their seriousness. Here's how to help.
Remove hot or burned clothing. However, do not remove clothing that is stuck to the skin.
Less serious burns appear red or blistered and are painful. Soak a sterile bandage in ice water. Gently cover the burn for 20 to 30 minutes. Then cover with a dry sterile bandage. Severe burns, which appear whitish or charred and may have no feeling, must be treated immediately by a doctor. Protect the area with a clean sheet or towel.
First aid for a concussion
A concussion (kuhn-KUH-shuhn) is a brain injury caused by a strong blow to the head. Signs of a concussion include vomiting, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, weakness, poor balance, memory loss, and unconsciousness.
If the scalp is bleeding, place a sterile bandage over the wound. Apply pressure. Be sure to wear latex gloves or use the injured person's hand to apply pressure.
Keep the person lying down.
Stay with the person, and check breathing and pulse often.
REMEMBER...Being aware of hazards and knowing how to reduce them helps prevent injuries. If an emergency occurs, certain first-aid steps can be taken. What you learn can help you avoid injuries and aid you in an emergency.
CLOSING (Evaluate)
Complete Lesson Checkup
Finished Early? (sign into BrainPOP using Clever)
Watch BrainPOP - First Aid
Watch BrainPOP - CPR
Watch BrainPOP - Concussions
Watch BrainPOP - Food Safety
Watch BrainPOP - Lab Safety
Watch BrainPOP - Online Safety
Watch BrainPOP - Water Safety
Standard(s)
HE5.3a - identify characteristics of valid health information, products, and services
HE5.3b - access resources from home, school, and community that provide valid health information
HE5.3c - assess the characteristics of valid health information, products, and services
HE5.4a - apply effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to enhance health
HE5.4c - demonstrate how to ask for assistance to enhance personal health and the health of others
HE5.5a - identify health-related situations that might require a thoughtful decision
HE5.5b - list healthy options and possible consequences to a health-related issue or problem
HE5.5c - predict the potential outcomes of each option when making a health-related decision
HE5.5d - analyze when assistance is needed in making a health-related decision
HE5.5e - choose a healthy option when making a decision
HE5.5f - describe the outcomes of a health-related decision
HE5.7a - practice responsible personal health choices
HE5.7b - demonstrate a variety of healthy practices and behaviors to preserve or enhance personal health
HE5.7c - model a variety of behaviors that prevent or decrease health risks to self and/or others
Essential Question(s)
You notice that someone who is supposed to drive you home has been drinking alcohol and it's cold and raining outside. What should you do?
What are some benefits of negotiating?
Big Idea(s)
Alcohol affects judgment, coordination, and vision. Getting into a car with a driver who has been drinking alcohol is one of the most dangerous things a person can do. Walk home.
Benefits of negotiating may include the ideas that negotiation provides an opportunity for people to find a workable resolution that meets each person's needs. It also allows each person to move on and not be hindered by continuing conflict or by the lack of resolution to a problem.
RESOURCES / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
see below
DCSD Board-Approved Instruction Materials
Your Health: Teacher's Edition - Grade 5. Harcourt Brace & Company. 1999.
Technology
Chromebook
large video screens for whole-class viewing
sound system for sharing of audio