Preparing for the Unexpected

HPE Lesson Plans - Health - KHE, 1HE, 2HE, 3HE, 4HE, 5HE

Safety | Mental, Social & Emotional Health | Substance Abuse & Disease Prevention | Growing Up Healthy

5TH GRADE VIRTUAL HEALTH

L1: School Bus Safety| L2: Preparing for the Unexpected | L3: Practicing Safety & First Aid | L4: Safety & Bicycling | L34: School Bus Safety | L35: Fire Safety | L36: Preventing Violence | L37: Organizations That Protect Public Health | EXTRA: Handling Community Emergencies

Safety

Preparing for the Unexpected

See below for the following:

Standard(s), Essential Question(s), Big Idea(s)

LEARNING TARGET / SUCCESS CRITERIA

I will recognize and reduce hazards that lead to unexpected injuries.

I will explain how to respond to emergency situations.

I will practice first aid for injuries.

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PRE-INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY

Vocabulary

hazard - something in the environment or some person's action that can cause harm

emergency - a situation that calls for quick action

first aid - immediate care given to an injured person

sterile bandage - a bandage free of pathogens (microscopic living things that cause infectious diseases)

concussion - a brain injury caused by a strong blow to the head / signs of a concussion include vomiting, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, weakness, poor balance, memory loss, and unconsciousness

OPENING (Engage)

Main Idea

Being aware of hazards and knowing how to reduce them helps prevent injuries. If an emergency occurs, certain first-aid steps can be taken.

Why Learn This?

What you learn can help you avoid injuries and aid you in an emergency.

WORK PERIOD (Explore/Explain/Extend/Elaborate)

READ: Preparing for the Unexpected

While shoveling snow, Lydia's dad slipped and fell. Fortunately, he had only a minor bruise on his leg. But some unexpected injuries can be serious. When you know what causes injuries, you can take steps to prevent them.

What causes injuries?

Some injuries occur when people are careless or tired. Some occur when people don't realize that an action can be dangerous. Below are some of the most common causes of injuries to people your age.

• motor vehicle crashes

• bicycle crashes

• burns

• drowning

• poisoning

• being shot by a firearm

• falling

Being safe means being aware of possible dangers and knowing how to reduce them. The pictures on these two pages show everyday situations in which injuries can occur. In each situation being aware of the dangers and knowing how to be careful could help prevent injuries. Always think through your actions before you act.

Sometimes people like to show off or take risks. They might play dangerously in a swimming pool or race their bicycles on wet pavement. They might give someone a ride on bicycle handlebars or play with matches. These risks create hazards because they endanger the person doing them and other people as well.

A hazard is something in the environment or some person's action that can cause harm. If you notice a hazard or someone acting in a hazardous way, tell an adult as quickly as possible. The table below lists some common hazards.

COMMON HAZARDS

At home

• wet or slippery floors or sidewalks

• broken glass

• medicines or chemicals within reach of children

• electrical appliances being used near water

• broken or frayed electrical cords

• lit, unattended cigarettes, candles, fireplaces, or stoves

At school

• people running in halls

• people playing roughly, pushing, or fighting

In the neighborhood

• speeding traffic

• wet or slippery sidewalks

• broken glass or trash on the ground

How should you respond to a serious injury?

When someone is seriously injured, it is an emergency. An emergency (ih-MeR•juhnt-see) is a situation that calls for quick action. If you come across an emergency situation, follow these three Emergency Action Steps.

Step1 - Perform a ten-second survey. 

Quickly look over the scene. Try to answer the following questions. You will need this information when you call for help.

• What happened?

• How many people are injured?

• What caused the injuries?

• Are you or the injured people in any immediate danger of further injury?

Sometimes it is safest to call for help before taking a close look or approaching an injured person. For example, suppose a wrecked car is in the middle of moving traffic. Don't approach. It is unsafe.

Step 2 - Call 911 or your local emergency number. 

Most communities have a 911 service for emergencies. If your community does not, look inside the front cover of a telephone directory for emergency phone numbers. When you call for help,

• give the location of the emergency, including the street address and the names of the nearest cross streets.

• give your phone number and name.

• tell what happened and how many people need help.

• describe the condition of the injured people and what is being done to help them.

Wait to make sure the operator doesn't need more information. Always hang up last.

CALL 911 FOR ANY OF THESE EMERGENCIES.

• drowning

• poisoning

• severe bleeding

• severe burns

• electrocution

• paralysis, or loss of the ability

• choking

• stopped heartbeat

• stopped or difficult breathing

• spinal cord injury

• unconsciousness

Step 3 - Care for the injured person. 

If it is safe for you to do so, give first aid or comfort. In many cases, such as when there are possible broken bones or head or spinal cord injuries, the person should not be moved. Tell the inured person to lie still and that help is on the way. You may be able to make the person more comfortable with blankets or clothing. Speak comfortingly. Keep your voice calm and confident.

In some areas your call for help will bring an air ambulance. Air ambulances can fly into places far from roads and can travel much faster than ground ambulances. The crew usually includes a nurse and a paramedic or doctor.

CAREER - Paramedic

What They Do

• • Provide first aid and medical treatments

  • Transport injured people to hospitals

  • Work in teams of two

  • Work closely with fire and police departments

Education and Training

Paramedics must complete EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) training of 100 to 175 hours of classes plus 10 or more hours of work in a hospital emergency room. They must also have 750 or more hours of medical training and on-the-job experience.

What are first-aid steps for a serious injury?

Suppose you are playing on the playground and your friend falls and hurts himself. Would you know what to do? It is important to know first aid.

First aid is immediate care given to an injured person. For the injuries described here, the first thing you should do is stay calm and call for help.

First aid for a serious wound 

Wounds are common injuries. Puncture wounds should always be seen by a doctor.

• Cover your hands with latex gloves, if possible, and place a sterile bandage over the wound. A sterile bandage is a bandage free from pathogens.

• If the wound is bleeding, push down firmly on the bandage. If you don't have gloves, use the victim's hand to apply pressure. Do not touch someone else's blood.

• If no bones seem to be broken, raise the wounded part of the body above the level of the heart. This slows the flow of blood toward the wound.

First aid for burns 

Burns are treated differently depending on their seriousness. Here's how to help.

• Remove hot or burned clothing. However, do not remove clothing that is stuck to the skin.

• Less serious burns appear red or blistered and are painful. Soak a sterile bandage in ice water. Gently cover the burn for 20 to 30 minutes. Then cover with a dry sterile bandage. Severe burns, which appear whitish or charred and may have no feeling, must be treated immediately by a doctor. Protect the area with a clean sheet or towel.

First aid for a concussion 

A concussion (kuhn-KUH-shuhn) is a brain injury caused by a strong blow to the head. Signs of a concussion include vomiting, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, weakness, poor balance, memory loss, and unconsciousness.

• If the scalp is bleeding, place a sterile bandage over the wound. Apply pressure. Be sure to wear latex gloves or use the injured person's hand to apply pressure.

• Keep the person lying down.

• Stay with the person, and check breathing and pulse often.

REMEMBER...Being aware of hazards and knowing how to reduce them helps prevent injuries. If an emergency occurs, certain first-aid steps can be taken. What you learn can help you avoid injuries and aid you in an emergency.

CLOSING (Evaluate)

• Complete Lesson Checkup

• Finished Early? (sign into BrainPOP using Clever)

  • Watch BrainPOP - First Aid

  • Watch BrainPOP - CPR

  • Watch BrainPOP - Concussions

  • Watch BrainPOP - Bicycle Safety

  • Watch BrainPOP - Food Safety

  • Watch BrainPOP - Lab Safety

  • Watch BrainPOP - Online Safety

  • Watch BrainPOP - Water Safety

Standard(s)

HE5.3a - identify characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.3b - access resources from home, school, and community that provide valid health information

HE5.3c - assess the characteristics of valid health information, products, and services

HE5.4a - apply effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills to enhance health

HE5.4c - demonstrate how to ask for assistance to enhance personal health and the health of others

HE5.5a - identify health-related situations that might require a thoughtful decision

HE5.5b - list healthy options and possible consequences to a health-related issue or problem

HE5.5c - predict the potential outcomes of each option when making a health-related decision

HE5.5d - analyze when assistance is needed in making a health-related decision

HE5.5e - choose a healthy option when making a decision

HE5.5f - describe the outcomes of a health-related decision

HE5.7a - practice responsible personal health choices

HE5.7b - demonstrate a variety of healthy practices and behaviors to preserve or enhance personal health

HE5.7c - model a variety of behaviors that prevent or decrease health risks to self and/or others

Essential Question(s)

1. You notice that someone who is supposed to drive you home has been drinking alcohol and it's cold and raining outside. What should you do?

2. What are some benefits of negotiating?

Big Idea(s)

1. Alcohol affects judgment, coordination, and vision. Getting into a car with a driver who has been drinking alcohol is one of the most dangerous things a person can do. Walk home.

2. Benefits of negotiating may include the ideas that negotiation provides an opportunity for people to find a workable resolution that meets each person's needs. It also allows each person to move on and not be hindered by continuing conflict or by the lack of resolution to a problem.

RESOURCES / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

• see below

DCSD Board-Approved Instruction Materials

• Your Health: Teacher's Edition - Grade 5. Harcourt Brace & Company. 1999.

Technology

• Google Sites - HPE website

• Chromebook

• large video screens for whole-class viewing

• sound system for sharing of audio

• BrainPOP - Concussions

• BrainPOP - CPR

• BrainPOP - First Aid

• BrainPOP - Bicycle Safety

• BrainPOP - Food Safety

• BrainPOP - Lab Safety

• BrainPOP - Online Safety

• BrainPOP - Water Safety