Harriet Jacobs (1813-1897)
1894, Age 81
grew from a student query in fall 2016 in one of Dr. Pamela Stewart's women's history courses on the Downtown Phoenix campus of Arizona State University. After reading Harriet Jacobs' memoir, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, a student asked if anyone was researching the connections between what he termed, today's "rape culture," and what seemed to him--as a criminal justice student and otherwise--to be a very long, deeply-embedded history. He said that everything Harriet's owner did to her fit the description of the behavior of predators, among others who believe themselves entitled to another's body. He added that even though the institution of slavery no longer applied, it seemed that historical analysis might reveal a lot about the ongoing problems. That student is right.
Stewart mentioned Danielle McGuire's book, At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance--A New Civil Rights Movement From Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power and the discussion continued. Over time however, she wondered how to bypass the "let's add another reading or film to the syllabus" approach and instead, directly engage students in revealing more of that history. Could they--none of them history majors--also make it visible to a wider audience? The bigger significance is: Can we actually solve a problem if we don't understand how deep the roots are?
offered small grants in 2018-19 for arts-based projects that might engage the ASU and wider community in CounterActivism: Arts-Based, Trauma-Responsive Action for Combating Sexual Harassment and Violence. As someone involved with this group and the committee that preceded it, Stewart proposed the final project exhibit for her course, HST 328: Women in U.S. History since 1880. She received $500 to help make it happen and went out on a limb.
Above: 2019 Long Before #MeToo exhibit flyer
Below: April 23, 2019 Exhibit
saw the first arts-based exhibit produced by Stewart's HST 328: Women in U.S. History since 1880. Students were polled to select the name. The winner: Long Before #MeToo: An Arts-Based Exhibit Revealing a Difficult History. With the help of a bit of training in digitized historical newspaper sites and ASU Library resources in 1-on-1 meetings, students began to get going. Additionally, Stewart engaged her colleague and Phoenix Poet Laureate, Dr. Rosemarie Dombrowski, and former students whose talents included artistic creativity. With them visiting on some class days, students brainstormed, gained confidence, and moved ahead into uncharted territory.
The process and exhibit changed students, their teacher, and visitors. As one comment card stated: "The entire display was ABSOLUTELY wonderful. I am a survivor of intimate parter rape & domestic violence. Thank you." Students overcame fears and concerns, and the pride in their projects and confidence in their ability to articulate the history on which each was based was visible and palpable. As one young man said later, "I now realize I have done things in the past I shouldn't have. This changed me."
Image from president.asu.edu (2020 March 15)
brought a new, larger class of students to HST 328: Women in U.S. History Since 1880--one with twice as many potential projects. Danielle McGuire, the author of that book, originally noted back in 2016, At the Dark End of the Street, Zoomed with the class when we still met in person; as is visible among the 2020 projects, a number of students used McGuire's work as the foundation for their projects. Phoenix Poet Laureate and colleague, Dr. Rosemarie Dombrowski again visited the classroom (in person, and later via Zoom), inspiring and motivating students.
Then came the challenges associated with COVID-19 and the attendant need to move courses and public gatherings to online contexts. But of course, as Malcolm X famously noted about (inter)related contexts, "The problem is still here." How might students contribute to making the longer history of these problems, visible?
Although we couldn't predict exactly how this would go, students came through with some significant work.
Stewart's students produced a website version of the exhibit and hope it can expand, be refined, and continue to serve the purpose of the original as we look ahead to renewing the face-to-face event in 2021. Each student contributed their own page to the site, organizing it as they chose, highlighting their arts-based work and its historical context and relevance.
meant that we are still in Covid mode in many ways, even though light at the end of the tunnel seems to be real???
So yet again, Long Before #MeToo will remain digital for another year.
We look forward to the work of even more students being showcased here.
means that the exhibit will still be digital, even as things are (hopefully) getting better for most.
This will be the final Long Before #MeToo exhibit, as Dr. Stewart is retiring from ASU and moving on to other opportunities. However she hopes to continue to make this important history visible.
THANK YOU TO EVERY STUDENT I HAVE HAD THE PRIVILEGE TO WORK WITH!