Wittmann & Ariani 2019
Wittmann & Ariani 2019
WITTMANN, K.J. & A.P. ARIANI, 2019. Amazonia versus Pontocaspis: a key to understanding the mineral composition of mysid statoliths (Crustacea: Mysida). Biogeographia – The Journal of Integrative Biogeography, 34: 1-15; Suppl.: 1-34.
https://doi.org/10.21426/B634142438
Main text online free at https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xs5r1sz
Supplement at https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt2xs5r1sz/supp/42438_Supplement_finale.pdf
We have determined the mineral composition of statoliths in 169 species or subspecies (256 populations) of the family Mysidae on a worldwide scale. Including previously published data, the crystallographic characteristics are now known for 296 extant species or subspecies: fluorite (CaF2) in 79%, vaterite (a metastable form of crystalline CaCO3) in 16%, and non-crystalline (organic) components in 5%, the latter exclusively and throughout in the subfamilies Boreomysinae and Rhopalophthalminae. Within the subfamily Mysinae vaterite or fluorite were found in three tribes, whereas other three tribes have fluorite only. The exclusive presence of fluorite was confirmed for the remaining seven subfamilies. Hotspots of vaterite were found in Amazonia and the Pontocaspis, in each case with reduced frequencies in main and tributary basins of the Atlantic and N-Indian Ocean. Vaterite is completely absent in the remaining aquatic regions of the world. In accordance with previous findings, fluorite occurred mainly in seawater, vaterite mostly in brackish to freshwater. Only vaterite was found in electrolyte-poor Black Water of Amazonia, which clearly cannot support the high fluorine demand for renewal of otherwise large fluorite statoliths upon each moult. Vaterite prevails in Diamysini, distributed over most of the area once occupied by the Tethyan Sea. It also prevails in Paramysini with main occurrence in the Pontocaspis, where fossil calcareous statoliths in the stable form of calcite are known from Miocene sediments of the brackish Paratethys. Four Recent genera from three tribes are heterogeneous in that they comprise both vaterite- and fluorite-precipitating species. Previous hypotheses are expanded to cover greater geographic and time scales, proposing that fluorite-bearing marine ancestors penetrated freshwaters in Tethyan and Paratethyan basins, where they developed precipitation of vaterite. This gave their successors predispositions for shifting into separate evolutionary lines from fluorite to vaterite precipitation and vice versa.
crystalline components; fluorite; freshwater; geographic distribution; marine; Paratethys; taxonomic distribution; Tethys; vaterite
Afromysini; Amblyopsini; Anchialinini; Anisomysini; Arachnomysini; Boreomysinae; Diamysini; Erythropinae; Erythropini; Gastrosaccinae; Gastrosaccini; Harmelinellini; Hemimysini; Heteromysinae; Heteromysini; Leptomysinae; Leptomysini; Mysidellinae; Mysidetini; Mysidopsini; Mysinae; Mysini; Neomysini; Palaumysinae; Paramysini; Pseudommini; Rhopalophthalminae; Siriellinae
Acanthomysis longicornis; Anchialina agilis; Erythrops elegans; Gastrosaccus sanctus; Gastrosaccus spinifer; Haplostylus normani; Hemimysis anomala; Hemimysis lamornae lamornae; Heteromysis norvegica; Katamysis warpachowskyi; Leptomysis gracilis; Leptomysis mediterranea atlantica; Limnomysis benedeni; Lophogaster typicus; Mesopodopsis slabberi; Mysidopsis gibbosa; Mysis mixta; Mysis relicta; Mysis salemaai; Neomysis americana; Neomysis integer; Paramysis arenosa; Paramysis bacescoi; Paramysis lacustris; Paramysis nouveli; Praunus flexuosus; Praunus inermis; Praunus neglectus; Schistomysis kervillei; Schistomysis ornata; Schistomysis spiritus; Siriella armata; Siriella brooki; Siriella clausii; Siriella norvegica