Ariani, Wittmann & Franco 1993
Ariani, Wittmann & Franco 1993
ARIANI, A. P., K. J. WITTMANN & E. FRANCO, 1993: A Comparative Study of Static Bodies in Mysid Crustaceans: Evolutionary Implications of Crystallographic Characteristics. Biological Bulletin, 185: 393-404.
We studied the mineral composition of statoliths in 154 species belonging to 55 genera of Mysidae. Fluorite (CaF2) was found in 86% of Recent species, vaterite (CaCO3) in 9%, and no crystalline component in 5%. Seven samples of fossil statoliths from Upper Miocene deposits were exclusively calcite (CaCO3). Vaterite has the peak of occurrence in fresh water, fluorite in the photic zone of marine waters, and organic statoliths in oceanic deep waters. With respect to population numbers in the different aquatic biota, vaterite prevails in freshwater species and fluorite is dominant among species in all brackish to marine environments. The occurrence of CaCO3 in fresh to brackish waters coincides with fossil records and biogeographical observations. The Ponto-Caspian region is the center of abundance for Recent CaCO3 species. The rich brackish to freshwater fauna in this region probably has its roots in the brackish Paratethys, where a rich fossil material of calcareous mysid statoliths is known from Upper Miocene sediments. Morphological and scarce palaeontological evidence suggest that the earliest (Carboniferous to Jurassic) Mysidacea were mainly oceanic shrimps without statocysts; these were followed by (bentho)pelagic animals with non-mineralic organic statoliths. With the colonization of coastal to littoral areas by benthopelagic to benthic forms, mineralic statoliths were formed by precipitation of fluorite. Among the modern Mysidae, a special development occurred (in the Miocene) in the Ponto-Caspian region where CaCO3 statoliths appeared in brackish to freshwater forms. As in vertebrates, the patterns of mineral composition of static bodies in the Mysidae reflect both anatomical and ecophysiological differences.
statolithology; mineral composition; crystallographic characteristics
Mysidae; Rhopalophthalminae; Gastrosaccinae; Mysinae; Erythropini; Leptomysini; Mysini; Heteromysini; Mysidellinae; Boreomysinae; Siriellinae; Acanthomysis dybowskii; Acanthomysis japonica; Acanthomysis longicornis; Acanthomysis macropsis; Acanthomysis mitsukurii; Acanthomysis nakazatoi; Acanthomysis tamurai; Amblyops abbreviata; Amblyops antarctica; Amblyops tattersalli; Anchialina agilis; Anchialina oculata; Anisomysis ijimai; Anisomysis marisrubri; Anisomysis sp.; Antarctomysis maxima; Antarctomysis ohlinii; Antichthomysis notidana; Antromysis cenotensis; Boreomysis arctica; Boreomysis brucei; Boreomysis megalops; Boreomysis microps; Boreomysis sphaerops; Boreomysis tridens; Caesaromysis hispida; Dactylamblyops hodgsoni; Dactylamblyops iii; Dactylamblyops murrayi; Diamysis bahirensis; Diamysis pengoi; Erythrops elegans; Erythrops microps; Erythrops neapolitana; Erythrops serrata; Euchaetomera glyphidophthalmica; Euchaetomera tenuis; Euchaetomera typica; Euchaetomera zurstrasseni; Gastrosaccus mediterraneus; Gastrosaccus roscoffensis; Gastrosaccus sanctus sanctus; Gastrosaccus sanctus widhalmi; Gastrosaccus spinifer; Haplostylus bacescui; Haplostylus lobatus; Haplostylus magnilobatus; Haplostylus normani; Hemimysis abyssicola; Hemimysis anomala; Hemimysis lamornae lamornae; Hemimysis lamornae mediterranea; Hemimysis speluncola; Heteromysis formosa; Heteromysis mayana; Heteromysis microps; Heteromysis sp.; Holmesiella affinis; Holmesimysis costata; Idiomysis tsurnamali; Illigiella brevisquamosa; Kainommatomysis schieckei; Katamysis warpachowskyi; Katerythrops oceanae; Leptomysis buergii; Leptomysis gracilis; Leptomysis heterophila; Leptomysis lingvura adriatica; Leptomysis lingvura marioni; Leptomysis mediterranea atlantica; Leptomysis mediterranea mediterranea; Leptomysis megalops; Leptomysis posidoniae; Leptomysis truncata sardica; Leptomysis truncata truncata; Limnomysis benedeni; Mesopodopsis aegyptia; Mesopodopsis orientalis; Mesopodopsis slabberi; Mesopodopsis wooldridgei; Metamysidopsis swifti; Meterythrops microphthalma; Meterythrops picta; Mysideis insignis; Mysidella sp; Mysidella typica; Mysidetes posthon; Mysidium columbiae; Mysidium integrum; Mysidopsis acuta; Mysidopsis almyra; Mysidopsis bahia; Mysidopsis bigelowi; Mysidopsis gibbosa; Mysis litoralis; Mysis mixta; Mysis relicta; Neomysis americana; Neomysis integer; Neomysis japonica; Neomysis mercedis; Neomysis rayii; Notomysis australiensis; Paraleptomysis banyulensis; Paraleptomysis dimorpha; Paramblyops brevirostris; Paramesopodopsis rufa; Paramysis arenosa; Paramysis bacescoi; Paramysis helleri; Paramysis intermedia; Paramysis kessleri sarsi; Paramysis kroyeri; Paramysis lacustris tanaitica; Paramysis nouveli; Paramysis pontica; Praunus flexuosus; Praunus inermis; Praunus neglectus; Prionomysis sp.; Proneomysis perminuta; Proneomysis toriumii; Pseudamblyops conicops; Pseudomma affine; Pseudomma armatum; Pseudomma belgicae; Pseudomma japonicum; Pseudomma latiphthalmum; Pseudomma roseum; Pseudomysis dactylops; Pyroleptomysis rubra; Rhopalophthalmus terranatalis; Schistomysis assimilis; Schistomysis kervillei; Schistomysis ornata; Schistomysis spiritus; Siriella aequiremis; Siriella anomala; Siriella armata; Siriella brevicaudata; Siriella castellabatensis; Siriella clausii; Siriella gracilis; Siriella inornata; Siriella jaltensis gracilipes; Siriella longipes; Siriella norvegica; Siriella pacifica; Siriella roosevelti; Siriella thompsoni; Siriella trispina; Siriella vulgaris rostrata; Taphromysis bowmani; Taphromysis louisianae; Tasmanomysis oculata; Tenagomysis tasmaniae; Teraterythrops robusta; Troglomysis vjetrenicensis