Wittmann 2001
Wittmann 2001
WITTMANN, K. J., 2001: Centennial Changes in the Near-Shore Mysid Fauna of the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea), with Description of Heteromysis riedli sp. n. (Crustacea, Mysidacea). P.S.Z.N.: Marine Ecology, 22 (1-2): 85-109.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0485.2001.00741.x
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121447041/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
The marine mysid fauna of the Gulf of Naples is the best known in the Mediterranean, dating back to faunal lists and revisions given by founder authors in 1877 – 1929. Up to 1930, a total of 21 (currently valid) benthopelagic and benthic coastal species were recorded. The new census in 1975 – 2000 yielded no species in brackish and freshwaters (salinity range 0 – 30), only one species in mixoeuhaline waters (30 – 39), and 39 species in fully marine near-shore waters (36 – 38). Most species were restricted to islands and submarine banks as hotspots of biodiversity, while only four species were also found along the more intensively urbanized continental coasts of the gulf. Compared with the situation in the 19th century, two marine species, Acanthomysis longicornis and Mysidopsis angusta, have disappeared from the Gulf of Naples, while still present in the less urbanized and largely oligotrophic Gulf of Salerno. The numbers of known euthalassobiontic species decreased in the 'continental' Gulf of Naples, but increased in the 'insular' gulf.
Local population extinctions are related mainly to human impact on freshwater input into shallow coastal waters. Urbanization processes favoured the disappearance of brackish and freshwaters from the surface (through drainage and canalization) and the deterioration (through urban and industrial pollution) of the remaining ones, resulting in eutrophication of coastal waters and in impoverishment of the benthos, such as the visible regression of seagrasses. Increased species numbers in the 'insular' gulf reflect the lower degree of urbanization in the less polluted peripheral zones and the increased use of more specific sampling methods in combination with improved knowledge of mysid biology.
With the use of epibenthic nets during the day and at night, Heteromysis (Heteromysis) riedli sp. n. was sampled from Posidonia oceanica meadows on the Island of Ischia. The males of the new species are exceptional in having a pair of modified, backwards-oriented, flagellate setae terminally on the antennular trunc, while the females show only the usual forwards-oriented, smooth setae in this position.
biodiversity; marine benthos; urbanization; pollution; eutrophication; population extinctions; taxonomy; new species
Acanthomysis longicornis; Acanthomysis spinosissima; Anchialina agilis; Anchialina oculata; Anemonia sulcata; Arachnomysis leuckartii; Boreomysis arctica; Boreomysis megalops; Calyptomma puritani; Cymodocea nodosa; Diamysis bacescui; Diamysis bahirensis; Erythrops elegans; Erythrops neapolitana; Erythrops peterdohrni; Euchaetomera merolepis; Euchaetomera tenuis; Eucopia unguiculata; Gastrosaccus normani; Gastrosaccus sanctus; Gastrosaccus spinifer; Haplostylus bacescui; Haplostylus erythraeus; Haplostylus lobatus; Haplostylus magnilobatus; Haplostylus normani; Hemimysis lamornae mediterranea; Hemimysis margalefi; Hemimysis speluncola; Heteromysis (Heteromysis) riedli; Heteromysis arianii; Heteromysis eideri; Heteromysis formosa; Heteromysis harpax; Heteromysis lybiana; Heteromysis microps; Heteromysis muelleri; Heteromysis norvegica; Heteromysis riedli nov. spec.; Hypererythrops richardi; Leptomysis buergii; Leptomysis gracilis; Leptomysis heterophila; Leptomysis lingvura; Leptomysis lingvura marioni; Leptomysis mediterranea; Leptomysis megalops; Leptomysis posidoniae; Leptomysis truncata sardica; Limnomysis benedeni; Lophogaster typicus; Mesopodopsis aegyptia; Mesopodopsis slabberi; Mysideis parva; Mysidella typica; Mysidetes farrani; Mysidopsis angusta; Mysidopsis didelphis; Mysidopsis gibbosa; Mysis longicornis; Neomysis integer; Olivemysis; Paraleptomysis apiops; Paraleptomysis banyulensis; Paramblyops rostrata; Paramysis arenosa; Paramysis helleri; Parapseudomma calloplura; Parerythrops lobiancoi; Podopsis (Parapodopsis) cornuta f. neapolitana; Posidonia oceanica; Pseudomma kruppi; Pyroleptomysis peresi; Pyroleptomysis rubra; Schistomysis assimilis; Siriella armata; Siriella castellabatensis; Siriella clausii; Siriella gracilipes; Siriella jaltensis gracilipes; Siriella norvegica; Siriella thompsonii