Search this site
Embedded Files
Telelearn
  • Telelearn
  • Assignments
    • SmartBook
    • MH Lessons
      • Ch 00 Handbook Historian's Toolkit
      • Ch 01 Changing Ideas and a Changing World
      • Ch 02 Colonial America
      • Ch 03 The Spirit of Independence
      • Ch 04 The American Revolution
      • Ch 05 A More Perfect Union
      • Ch 06 The Constitution
      • Ch 07 The Federalist Era
      • Ch 08 The Jefferson Era
      • Ch 09 Growth and Expansion
      • Ch 10 The Jackson Era
      • Ch 11 Manifest Destiny
      • Ch 12 North and South
      • Ch 13 The Spirit of Reform
      • Ch 14 Toward Civil War
      • Ch 15 The Civil War
      • Ch 16 The Reconstruction Era
      • Ch 17 Opening the West
      • Ch 18 The Industrial Age
      • Ch 19 A Changing Society
      • Ch 20 Supplemental Lesson
    • MH Resources
      • MH Resources 1-30
    • MH Assessments
      • Assessments
      • 01 Changing Ideas and a Changing World
      • 02 Colonial America
      • 03 The Spirit of Independence
      • 04 The American Revolution
      • 05 A More Perfect Union
      • 06 The Constitution
      • 07 The Federalist Era
      • 08 The Jefferson Era
      • 09 Growth and Expansion
      • 10 The Jackson Era
      • 11 Manifest Destiny
      • 12 North and South
      • 13 The Spirit of Reform
      • 14 Toward Civil War
      • 15 The Civil War
      • 16 The Reconstruction Era
      • 17 Opening the West
      • 18 The Industrial Age
      • 19 A Changing Society
      • 20 Supplemental Lesson
    • Assignments
    • Wayground
    • MH Inquiry Journal
    • Digest
      • Digest 1-30
    • Epic
      • Epic! School
    • Clever
    • Classroom
    • Powerschool
    • Wayground
    • Google Drive
    • Google Docs
  • Agenda
    • Calendar
      • Bell Schedules
    • Announcements
    • Bell Schedules
      • EUSD Bell Schedules
    • Parent Conferences
      • Calendly Conference
    • Clever
    • Classroom
  • Lessons
    • Learning Targets
    • Viewing Guides
      • Izzit Viewing Guides
        • Too Big to Fail Viewing Guide
        • A World of Money Viewing Guide
          • US Debt Clock
        • Too Much Money Viewing Guide
          • US Debt Clock
        • America & Mr. Smith Viewing Guide
        • Yours and Mine: The Lesson of 1623 Viewing Guide
        • Escape! Viewing Guide
        • Becoming Equal Under the Law Viewing Guide
          • Becoming Equal Under the Law Viewing Guide Key
        • Free Trade Viewing Guide
        • The Invisible Hand Viewing Guide
        • Read All About It! Viewing Guide
        • Eminent Domain Viewing Guide
          • Eminent Domain Viewing Guide Key
        • A History Changing Choice Viewing Guide
        • The Great Depression 2.0 Viewing Guide
        • The Paradox of Progress Viewing Guide
        • The People’s Economy
        • Power to the Planet Viewing Guide
        • Raise the Wage Viewing Guide
        • The Road to Prosperity Viewing Guide
        • What's Taxing about Taxes Viewing Guide
        • Where Did My Money Go? Viewing Guide
      • How the States Got their Shapes Viewing Guide
      • America the Story of Us
        • E1 - Rebels
        • E2 - Revolution
        • E3 - Westward
        • E4 - Division
        • E5 - Civil War
        • E6 - Heartland
        • E7 - Cities
        • E8 - Boom
      • Desperate Crossing
      • Declaration Viewing Guide
      • Rosa Parks Viewing Guide
      • Lewis & Clark Video
      • A More Perfect Union
      • Mill Times
        • Mill Times Key
      • Trail of Tears
      • April 1865
      • For the People
      • Founding Brothers
      • Gone with the Wind
      • Is America Number One?
      • John Brown Viewing Guide
      • North America Ho!
      • Overview of America
      • Presidents Viewing Guide
      • What's Great About America
    • Drive
    • United States Geography
      • U.S. Geography Songs
        • Memorize the 50 States Song
        • United States Capitals Song
      • U.S. Geography Mnemonics
      • U.S. Map Quizzes
      • U.S. Capitals
        • U.S. Capitals Pretest
      • U.S. Geography Games
        • U.S. State Capitals - Map Quiz Game
        • U.S. 50 States - Map Quiz Game
        • U.S. State Abbreviations - Map Quiz Game
        • U.S. Seterra Games
        • Seterra U.S. Map Games
      • U.S. Map Pretest
      • U.S. Historical Maps
      • U.S. Geography Videos
      • U.S. Statehood
      • U.S. Denonyms
    • United States History
      • Social Reform
      • American Treasures
      • Historic Dates
      • How We Became America
      • U.S. Documents
      • U.S. Historical Objects
      • American Culture
        • Smithsonian Institution
        • Library of Congress
        • National Archives
        • Websters Dictionary 1828
      • U.S. Armed Forces
      • Preservation
      • Historic Places
      • American Dictionary
        • Websters Dictionary 1828
    • American Holidays
      • Labor Day
      • 9/11
      • Constitution Day
        • The Preamble
        • Constitution of the United States
        • Bill of Rights
        • Amendments
        • Constitutional Convention
        • Constitution Links
      • Columbus Day
      • Halloween
      • Veterans Day
      • Thanksgiving Day
        • Yours and Mine: The Lesson of 1623 Viewing Guide
        • New England Colonies
      • Pearl Harbor Day
      • Bill of Rights Day
      • Christmas
      • New Years Day
      • Martin Luther King Jr.
        • Civil Rights Movement
      • Inauguration Day
      • Washington's Birthday
      • St. Patrick's Day
      • Easter
      • Patriot's Day
      • Cinco de Mayo
      • Memorial Day
        • Arlington National Cemetery
        • National Cemetery Administration
        • Riverside National Cemetery
        • Miramar National Cemetery
        • Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery
      • Black History Month
      • Independence Day
    • Colonies
      • Jamestown
      • Plymouth
        • Thanksgiving Day
        • Yours and Mine: The Lesson of 1623 Viewing Guide
        • Desperate Crossing
      • New England Colonies
      • Middle Colonies
      • Southern Colonies
      • French and Indian War
      • Exploration
        • Mesoamerica
      • Native Americans
      • Columbian Exchange
      • Slavery
      • Colonial America
      • Colonies Committee Report
    • War of Independence
      • Patriot's Day
      • Colonial America
      • Colonial America
      • Valley Forge
      • War of Independence Links
      • Boston Massacre
      • Yankee Doodle
      • Crossing the Delaware
      • Declaration of Independence
      • Articles of Confederation
      • George Washington
      • Founders
      • France
      • Marquis de Lafayette
      • United Kingdom
      • U.S. Armed Forces
      • Colonies
      • The Revolution Huntington Beach
    • Declaration of Independence
      • Declaration Transcription
      • Declaration Links
      • Declaration Written Test
      • Declaration History
      • Declaration Lessons
        • Declaration A Closer Look
        • Declaration DBQ
        • Ben and Me
        • The Declaration of Independence: Created Equal?
      • Declaration Videos
      • Declaration Viewing Guide
      • Thomas Jefferson
      • Semiquincentennial
      • Magna Carta
    • Articles of Confederation
      • Northwest Ordinance
      • Constitution of the United States
    • The Preamble
      • Preamble Test
      • Preamble Quizzes
      • The Preamble - E4
    • Constitution of the United States
      • Constitutional Convention
        • Convention Activity
      • Constitution Annotated
      • Bill of Rights
      • Amendments
      • Constitution Links
        • National Archives
      • Constitution Quizzes
      • Constitution Videos
      • Constitution Lessons
      • Constitution Explained
      • Constitution Visual Guide
      • Articles of Confederation
      • Branches of Government
      • Federalism
      • Constitution Day
      • Slave Clauses
      • Civics
      • Declaration of Independence
    • Bill of Rights
      • Bill of Rights Videos
      • Constitution Explained
      • Bill of Rights Pretest
      • Bill of Rights Paraphrase
      • Bill of Rights Summary Statements
      • Bill of Rights in Four Voices
      • Bill of Rights Illustrations
      • Bill of Rights Links
      • Bill of Rights Hand Gestures
      • Freedom of Expression
      • Amendment I
      • Amendment II
      • Amendment III
      • Amendment IV
      • Amendment V
      • Amendment VI
      • Amendment VII
      • Amendment VIII
      • Amendment IX
      • Amendment X
      • Amendments
      • Reconstruction Amendments
      • Magna Carta
    • Amendments
      • Constitution Explained
      • Reconstruction Amendments
      • Suffrage
      • Amendments History
    • George Washington
      • Mount Vernon
      • General Washington
      • President Washington
      • Washington's Birthday
      • War of Independence
      • Crossing the Delaware
      • Constitution of the United States
    • Civics
      • Constitution of the United States
      • Elections
        • Elections Archive
        • California Government
        • California Constitution
        • Vote at 16
        • Electoral College
        • US Debt Clock
      • Charters of Freedom
      • Constitution Day
      • 60-Second Civics
      • State of the Union
      • Civics Test Questions
      • Liberty
      • United States Flag
      • State Flags
      • Patriotism
      • U.S. Armed Forces
        • Armed Forces Videos
        • Patriotism
        • War of Independence
        • Civil War
        • War of 1812
        • Veterans Day
        • Memorial Day
        • Pearl Harbor Day
      • Courtroom
      • Electoral College
        • Electoral College Archive
      • California Government
        • California Constitution
      • Census
      • Foreign Relations
      • Civil Disobedience
      • Branches of Government
      • Government
      • Federalism
      • U.S. Capitol
      • Political Parties
      • Space Race
      • Semiquincentennial
      • United States Geography
      • Washington's Birthday
      • Washington, D.C.
      • Currency
      • US Debt Clock
      • Education
      • American Culture
    • Charters of Freedom
      • Declaration of Independence
      • Constitution of the United States
      • Bill of Rights
      • America's Founding Documents
    • Founders
      • George Washington
      • John Adams
      • Thomas Jefferson
      • James Madison
      • Benjamin Franklin
        • Ben and Me
      • Presidents
    • Federalism
      • Branches of Government
      • Government
      • California Government
      • Legislative Branch
      • Executive Branch
      • Judicial Branch
    • Branches of Government
      • Legislative Branch
        • House of Represenatives
        • Senate
      • Executive Branch
        • The Cabinet
        • Presidents
      • Judicial Branch
      • California Government
      • Federalism
      • 2018 Branches of Government
    • Presidents
      • President Washington
      • Executive Orders
      • State of the Union
      • Presidents Test
      • President Lincoln
      • White House
      • Executive Branch
      • Washington's Birthday
      • Presidents Viewing Guide
    • Political Parties
      • Federalist
      • Elections
    • Political Cartoons
    • Immigration
      • St. Patrick's Day
      • Cinco de Mayo
    • Foreign Relations
      • NATO
      • United Kingdom
      • France
      • Russia
      • China
      • North Korea
      • Canada
      • Mexico
      • Philippines
    • United Kingdom
      • Monarchy
      • Magna Carta
      • John Locke
      • The Glorious Seventy Four
      • War of Independence
      • War of 1812
      • Charles Inglis
      • Canada
      • Foreign Relations
    • France
      • Marquis de Lafayette
      • French Revolution
      • Foreign Relations
      • Emperor Napoleon
      • International Academy
    • Economics
      • Economic Systems
      • Communism
      • Inflation
        • US Debt Clock
      • Scarcity and Rarity
      • Property
      • Monopoly
      • Economics Links
        • izzit
        • Econlife
        • US Currency
        • US Debt Clock
        • Index of Economic Freedom
      • Currency
      • Business
      • Government
    • Currency
      • Coins
      • Gold and Silver
      • U.S. Currency Denominations
      • US Debt Clock
      • Federal Reserve System
    • Trade
      • Tariffs and Trade War
      • Trade Goods
        • Sugar
        • Cotton
      • Canals
      • Ports and Harbors
    • Business
      • Trade Goods
      • Tariffs and Trade War
      • Economics
      • Industrialization
      • Agriculture
      • Civics
    • Sectionalism
      • Slavery
      • Industrialization
      • Mill Times
      • John Brown
      • Tariffs and Trade War
      • Cotton
    • Slavery
      • Slave Clauses
      • Dred Scott Case
      • Slavery Links
      • Smithsonian’s Objects That Define America
      • Frederick Douglass
      • Civil War
      • Reconstruction Amendments
      • Reconstruction
      • Civil Rights Movement
      • Forced Labor
    • African Americans
      • Martin Luther King Jr.
      • Civil Rights Movement
      • Frederick Douglass
      • Reconstruction
      • Civil War
      • Abolitionism
      • Slavery
    • Abolitionism
      • Frederick Douglass
      • John Brown
      • Reconstruction Amendments
    • Civil Rights Movement
      • Martin Luther King Jr. Day
      • Civil Rights Links
      • Rosa Parks
        • Rosa Parks Collaborative Poster
      • Civil Rights DBQ
      • Civil Rights Collaborative Poster
      • Frederick Douglass
      • African Americans
      • Reconstruction
    • War of 1812
      • Star-Spangled Banner
      • Canada
      • United Kingdom
    • Canada
      • Charles Inglis
      • United Kingdom
      • Foreign Relations
    • Star-Spangled Banner
      • Defense of Fort McHenry
      • Star-Spangled Banner Test
    • Washington, D.C.
      • U.S. Capitol
      • White House
      • National Park Service
        • Washington Monument
        • Thomas Jefferson Memorial
        • Lincoln Memorial
        • Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial
        • National Mall and Memorial Parks
      • Library of Congress Treasures
    • Industrialization
      • Cotton
    • Westward Expansion
      • Lewis and Clark Expedition
        • Lewis and Clark
      • Native Americans
      • Trail of Tears
      • Texas Republic
      • California Republic
      • Mexican War
    • Mexico
      • Mesoamerica
      • Exploration
      • Texas Republic
      • California Republic
      • Mexican War
      • Westward Expansion
    • Native Americans
      • Indian Removal Act
      • Westward Expansion
      • Colonies
    • Civil War
      • Union
      • Confederacy
      • John Brown
      • Emancipation Proclamation
      • Civil War Days
        • Civil War Days 240831
      • President Lincoln
      • Foreign Relations
    • Reconstruction
      • Reconstruction Amendments
      • Civil Rights Movement
      • Slave Clauses
    • Transportation
      • Industrialization
    • Suffrage
    • Social Studies
      • Agriculture
        • Cotton
        • Sugar
        • TEDEd Agriculture
      • Health and Disease
        • Smallpox
      • Oral History
      • Social Reform
      • American Culture
      • Archaeology
      • CUB
    • Authoritarianism
      • North Korea
      • China
      • Russia
      • Communism
    • North Korea
      • Escape! Viewing Guide
      • Communism
    • Russia
    • China
      • Great Wall of China
    • Philippines
    • Civilizations
      • Expeditions
      • Museums
    • World History
      • Roman History
      • Medieval Ages
        • Castle
        • Cathedral
        • Plague
      • Renaissance
      • Reformation
      • Mesoamerica
      • Baroque
    • World Religions
      • Christianity
      • Islam
    • World Geography
      • Geographical Features
      • World Geography Links
      • Seterra World Geography
      • Seterra Geography Games
    • Mnemonics
    • Activities
      • Four Voices
      • Collaborative Poster
      • Mind Map
        • All About Me Mind Map
        • History Mind Map
        • Concept Map
      • Content & Presentation Rubric
      • Socratic Seminar
      • Infographics
      • Ethics
      • Google Sites
    • LEGO Builders
      • LEGO Videos
        • LEGO Videos
      • LEGO Room
      • LEGO Articles
        • LEGO Articles
    • Minecraft Journeys
    • Writing
      • Research
      • 3-2-1 Summary
      • DBQ
        • DBQ Valley Forge
        • DBQ Free Blacks
      • Constructed Response
        • Civil War Constructed Response
      • Prompts
      • Four Key Questions
      • Keyboard Shortcuts
      • File Names
      • Britannica School
    • Reading
    • Education
    • School House Rock - America Rock
      • No More Kings - E1
      • Fireworks - E2
      • The Shot Heard Round the World - E3
      • The Preamble - E4
      • Sufferin Till Suffrage - E5
      • I'm Just a Bill - E6
      • The Great American Melting Pot - E7
      • Elbow Room - E8
      • Mother Necessity - E9
      • Three Ring Government - E10
      • I'm Gonna Send Your Vote To College - E11
      • Presidential Minute - E12
      • Tyrannosaurus Debt
      • Tax Man Max
      • shr
    • Creating America
      • Guided Reading Workbook
      • RSG Chapter 10
    • We the People
    • War
      • U.S. Armed Forces
      • War of Independence
      • War of 1812
      • Mexican War
      • Civil War
      • 9/11
  • Links
    • Articles
      • Articles Sheets
      • LEGO Articles
    • Videos
      • Videos Sheets
      • LEGO Videos
      • Video Archive
    • Lessons
      • Websters Dictionary 1828
      • Civic Learning Mount Vernon
      • Ag in the Classroom
    • Students
      • Clever
      • Classroom
      • PowerSchool
      • Rooms
      • Google Calendar
      • BVMS Students
      • Counselor Appointment
      • EUSD Resources
    • Tutorials
      • Apple iPad Tutorials
      • Rooms
      • McGraw Hill Tutorials
      • Write notes on your work
      • Keynote iPad User Guide
      • EUSD iPad Tutorials
    • Parents
      • Rooms
      • PowerSchool
      • Parent Conferences
      • BVMS
      • EUSD
      • EUSD App
      • Calendly Conference
      • Email
      • Telelearn
      • EUHSD
      • Civil War Days
      • The Revolution
    • Clever
    • Google Classroom
    • PowerSchool
    • Rooms
    • BVMS
    • EUSD
    • Google Drive
    • Wayground
    • Google Calendar
    • EUSD Student Resources
    • BVMS Student Resources
    • Counselors Appointment Request
    • Nearpod
    • DBQ Online
    • Britannica School
    • EUHSD
    • Teacher
      • PowerSchool Teacher
      • Google Apps Login
      • thrillshare
      • McGraw Hill
      • EUSD Web Help Desk
      • EUSD Teachers
      • Tools
      • Design
      • LEGO Attendance
      • PowerSchool Substitute
      • EUSD History/Social Science Teacher Resources
      • 8th Grade H/SS Pacing Guide 20
      • PeopleSoft
      • McGraw Hill Digital Technical Support
      • USC Dornsife Database
      • History Now Journal
      • https://gradegrabber.net/welcome.html
      • Lesson Links
      • Subdomains
    • Archives
  • About
    • Syllabus
      • BTSN Presentation
      • Grading
      • Participation Grade
      • PowerSchool
      • Rooms
      • Clever
      • Google Classroom
      • Parent Conferences
    • Grading
      • Participation Grade
      • McGraw Hill Grades
      • PowerSchool
    • Mr. Garritson
    • Telelearn
    • California Standards
      • California History-Social Studies Standards
      • Common Core State Standards
      • California Framework
      • C3 Framework
    • BVMS
      • Expectations
      • Friday Song
      • The Five Rachel’s Challenges
      • Technology
    • EUSD
    • CAASPP
    • EUHSD
      • High School Orientation
      • Escondido Union High School District
      • San Pasqual High School
      • Orange Glen High School
      • Escondido High School
      • Del Lago Academy
      • Choose You
      • International Academy
      • AVID
      • Jump Aboard
      • Escondido College, Career & Technical Education
    • McGraw Hill Impact
      • MH SmartBook
      • MH Lessons
      • MH Tutorials
    • C.U.B.
      • C.U.B. Costume Rentals
      • C.U.B. Volunteers
      • Essay Alternate Assignment
Telelearn
  • Telelearn
  • Assignments
    • SmartBook
    • MH Lessons
      • Ch 00 Handbook Historian's Toolkit
      • Ch 01 Changing Ideas and a Changing World
      • Ch 02 Colonial America
      • Ch 03 The Spirit of Independence
      • Ch 04 The American Revolution
      • Ch 05 A More Perfect Union
      • Ch 06 The Constitution
      • Ch 07 The Federalist Era
      • Ch 08 The Jefferson Era
      • Ch 09 Growth and Expansion
      • Ch 10 The Jackson Era
      • Ch 11 Manifest Destiny
      • Ch 12 North and South
      • Ch 13 The Spirit of Reform
      • Ch 14 Toward Civil War
      • Ch 15 The Civil War
      • Ch 16 The Reconstruction Era
      • Ch 17 Opening the West
      • Ch 18 The Industrial Age
      • Ch 19 A Changing Society
      • Ch 20 Supplemental Lesson
    • MH Resources
      • MH Resources 1-30
    • MH Assessments
      • Assessments
      • 01 Changing Ideas and a Changing World
      • 02 Colonial America
      • 03 The Spirit of Independence
      • 04 The American Revolution
      • 05 A More Perfect Union
      • 06 The Constitution
      • 07 The Federalist Era
      • 08 The Jefferson Era
      • 09 Growth and Expansion
      • 10 The Jackson Era
      • 11 Manifest Destiny
      • 12 North and South
      • 13 The Spirit of Reform
      • 14 Toward Civil War
      • 15 The Civil War
      • 16 The Reconstruction Era
      • 17 Opening the West
      • 18 The Industrial Age
      • 19 A Changing Society
      • 20 Supplemental Lesson
    • Assignments
    • Wayground
    • MH Inquiry Journal
    • Digest
      • Digest 1-30
    • Epic
      • Epic! School
    • Clever
    • Classroom
    • Powerschool
    • Wayground
    • Google Drive
    • Google Docs
  • Agenda
    • Calendar
      • Bell Schedules
    • Announcements
    • Bell Schedules
      • EUSD Bell Schedules
    • Parent Conferences
      • Calendly Conference
    • Clever
    • Classroom
  • Lessons
    • Learning Targets
    • Viewing Guides
      • Izzit Viewing Guides
        • Too Big to Fail Viewing Guide
        • A World of Money Viewing Guide
          • US Debt Clock
        • Too Much Money Viewing Guide
          • US Debt Clock
        • America & Mr. Smith Viewing Guide
        • Yours and Mine: The Lesson of 1623 Viewing Guide
        • Escape! Viewing Guide
        • Becoming Equal Under the Law Viewing Guide
          • Becoming Equal Under the Law Viewing Guide Key
        • Free Trade Viewing Guide
        • The Invisible Hand Viewing Guide
        • Read All About It! Viewing Guide
        • Eminent Domain Viewing Guide
          • Eminent Domain Viewing Guide Key
        • A History Changing Choice Viewing Guide
        • The Great Depression 2.0 Viewing Guide
        • The Paradox of Progress Viewing Guide
        • The People’s Economy
        • Power to the Planet Viewing Guide
        • Raise the Wage Viewing Guide
        • The Road to Prosperity Viewing Guide
        • What's Taxing about Taxes Viewing Guide
        • Where Did My Money Go? Viewing Guide
      • How the States Got their Shapes Viewing Guide
      • America the Story of Us
        • E1 - Rebels
        • E2 - Revolution
        • E3 - Westward
        • E4 - Division
        • E5 - Civil War
        • E6 - Heartland
        • E7 - Cities
        • E8 - Boom
      • Desperate Crossing
      • Declaration Viewing Guide
      • Rosa Parks Viewing Guide
      • Lewis & Clark Video
      • A More Perfect Union
      • Mill Times
        • Mill Times Key
      • Trail of Tears
      • April 1865
      • For the People
      • Founding Brothers
      • Gone with the Wind
      • Is America Number One?
      • John Brown Viewing Guide
      • North America Ho!
      • Overview of America
      • Presidents Viewing Guide
      • What's Great About America
    • Drive
    • United States Geography
      • U.S. Geography Songs
        • Memorize the 50 States Song
        • United States Capitals Song
      • U.S. Geography Mnemonics
      • U.S. Map Quizzes
      • U.S. Capitals
        • U.S. Capitals Pretest
      • U.S. Geography Games
        • U.S. State Capitals - Map Quiz Game
        • U.S. 50 States - Map Quiz Game
        • U.S. State Abbreviations - Map Quiz Game
        • U.S. Seterra Games
        • Seterra U.S. Map Games
      • U.S. Map Pretest
      • U.S. Historical Maps
      • U.S. Geography Videos
      • U.S. Statehood
      • U.S. Denonyms
    • United States History
      • Social Reform
      • American Treasures
      • Historic Dates
      • How We Became America
      • U.S. Documents
      • U.S. Historical Objects
      • American Culture
        • Smithsonian Institution
        • Library of Congress
        • National Archives
        • Websters Dictionary 1828
      • U.S. Armed Forces
      • Preservation
      • Historic Places
      • American Dictionary
        • Websters Dictionary 1828
    • American Holidays
      • Labor Day
      • 9/11
      • Constitution Day
        • The Preamble
        • Constitution of the United States
        • Bill of Rights
        • Amendments
        • Constitutional Convention
        • Constitution Links
      • Columbus Day
      • Halloween
      • Veterans Day
      • Thanksgiving Day
        • Yours and Mine: The Lesson of 1623 Viewing Guide
        • New England Colonies
      • Pearl Harbor Day
      • Bill of Rights Day
      • Christmas
      • New Years Day
      • Martin Luther King Jr.
        • Civil Rights Movement
      • Inauguration Day
      • Washington's Birthday
      • St. Patrick's Day
      • Easter
      • Patriot's Day
      • Cinco de Mayo
      • Memorial Day
        • Arlington National Cemetery
        • National Cemetery Administration
        • Riverside National Cemetery
        • Miramar National Cemetery
        • Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery
      • Black History Month
      • Independence Day
    • Colonies
      • Jamestown
      • Plymouth
        • Thanksgiving Day
        • Yours and Mine: The Lesson of 1623 Viewing Guide
        • Desperate Crossing
      • New England Colonies
      • Middle Colonies
      • Southern Colonies
      • French and Indian War
      • Exploration
        • Mesoamerica
      • Native Americans
      • Columbian Exchange
      • Slavery
      • Colonial America
      • Colonies Committee Report
    • War of Independence
      • Patriot's Day
      • Colonial America
      • Colonial America
      • Valley Forge
      • War of Independence Links
      • Boston Massacre
      • Yankee Doodle
      • Crossing the Delaware
      • Declaration of Independence
      • Articles of Confederation
      • George Washington
      • Founders
      • France
      • Marquis de Lafayette
      • United Kingdom
      • U.S. Armed Forces
      • Colonies
      • The Revolution Huntington Beach
    • Declaration of Independence
      • Declaration Transcription
      • Declaration Links
      • Declaration Written Test
      • Declaration History
      • Declaration Lessons
        • Declaration A Closer Look
        • Declaration DBQ
        • Ben and Me
        • The Declaration of Independence: Created Equal?
      • Declaration Videos
      • Declaration Viewing Guide
      • Thomas Jefferson
      • Semiquincentennial
      • Magna Carta
    • Articles of Confederation
      • Northwest Ordinance
      • Constitution of the United States
    • The Preamble
      • Preamble Test
      • Preamble Quizzes
      • The Preamble - E4
    • Constitution of the United States
      • Constitutional Convention
        • Convention Activity
      • Constitution Annotated
      • Bill of Rights
      • Amendments
      • Constitution Links
        • National Archives
      • Constitution Quizzes
      • Constitution Videos
      • Constitution Lessons
      • Constitution Explained
      • Constitution Visual Guide
      • Articles of Confederation
      • Branches of Government
      • Federalism
      • Constitution Day
      • Slave Clauses
      • Civics
      • Declaration of Independence
    • Bill of Rights
      • Bill of Rights Videos
      • Constitution Explained
      • Bill of Rights Pretest
      • Bill of Rights Paraphrase
      • Bill of Rights Summary Statements
      • Bill of Rights in Four Voices
      • Bill of Rights Illustrations
      • Bill of Rights Links
      • Bill of Rights Hand Gestures
      • Freedom of Expression
      • Amendment I
      • Amendment II
      • Amendment III
      • Amendment IV
      • Amendment V
      • Amendment VI
      • Amendment VII
      • Amendment VIII
      • Amendment IX
      • Amendment X
      • Amendments
      • Reconstruction Amendments
      • Magna Carta
    • Amendments
      • Constitution Explained
      • Reconstruction Amendments
      • Suffrage
      • Amendments History
    • George Washington
      • Mount Vernon
      • General Washington
      • President Washington
      • Washington's Birthday
      • War of Independence
      • Crossing the Delaware
      • Constitution of the United States
    • Civics
      • Constitution of the United States
      • Elections
        • Elections Archive
        • California Government
        • California Constitution
        • Vote at 16
        • Electoral College
        • US Debt Clock
      • Charters of Freedom
      • Constitution Day
      • 60-Second Civics
      • State of the Union
      • Civics Test Questions
      • Liberty
      • United States Flag
      • State Flags
      • Patriotism
      • U.S. Armed Forces
        • Armed Forces Videos
        • Patriotism
        • War of Independence
        • Civil War
        • War of 1812
        • Veterans Day
        • Memorial Day
        • Pearl Harbor Day
      • Courtroom
      • Electoral College
        • Electoral College Archive
      • California Government
        • California Constitution
      • Census
      • Foreign Relations
      • Civil Disobedience
      • Branches of Government
      • Government
      • Federalism
      • U.S. Capitol
      • Political Parties
      • Space Race
      • Semiquincentennial
      • United States Geography
      • Washington's Birthday
      • Washington, D.C.
      • Currency
      • US Debt Clock
      • Education
      • American Culture
    • Charters of Freedom
      • Declaration of Independence
      • Constitution of the United States
      • Bill of Rights
      • America's Founding Documents
    • Founders
      • George Washington
      • John Adams
      • Thomas Jefferson
      • James Madison
      • Benjamin Franklin
        • Ben and Me
      • Presidents
    • Federalism
      • Branches of Government
      • Government
      • California Government
      • Legislative Branch
      • Executive Branch
      • Judicial Branch
    • Branches of Government
      • Legislative Branch
        • House of Represenatives
        • Senate
      • Executive Branch
        • The Cabinet
        • Presidents
      • Judicial Branch
      • California Government
      • Federalism
      • 2018 Branches of Government
    • Presidents
      • President Washington
      • Executive Orders
      • State of the Union
      • Presidents Test
      • President Lincoln
      • White House
      • Executive Branch
      • Washington's Birthday
      • Presidents Viewing Guide
    • Political Parties
      • Federalist
      • Elections
    • Political Cartoons
    • Immigration
      • St. Patrick's Day
      • Cinco de Mayo
    • Foreign Relations
      • NATO
      • United Kingdom
      • France
      • Russia
      • China
      • North Korea
      • Canada
      • Mexico
      • Philippines
    • United Kingdom
      • Monarchy
      • Magna Carta
      • John Locke
      • The Glorious Seventy Four
      • War of Independence
      • War of 1812
      • Charles Inglis
      • Canada
      • Foreign Relations
    • France
      • Marquis de Lafayette
      • French Revolution
      • Foreign Relations
      • Emperor Napoleon
      • International Academy
    • Economics
      • Economic Systems
      • Communism
      • Inflation
        • US Debt Clock
      • Scarcity and Rarity
      • Property
      • Monopoly
      • Economics Links
        • izzit
        • Econlife
        • US Currency
        • US Debt Clock
        • Index of Economic Freedom
      • Currency
      • Business
      • Government
    • Currency
      • Coins
      • Gold and Silver
      • U.S. Currency Denominations
      • US Debt Clock
      • Federal Reserve System
    • Trade
      • Tariffs and Trade War
      • Trade Goods
        • Sugar
        • Cotton
      • Canals
      • Ports and Harbors
    • Business
      • Trade Goods
      • Tariffs and Trade War
      • Economics
      • Industrialization
      • Agriculture
      • Civics
    • Sectionalism
      • Slavery
      • Industrialization
      • Mill Times
      • John Brown
      • Tariffs and Trade War
      • Cotton
    • Slavery
      • Slave Clauses
      • Dred Scott Case
      • Slavery Links
      • Smithsonian’s Objects That Define America
      • Frederick Douglass
      • Civil War
      • Reconstruction Amendments
      • Reconstruction
      • Civil Rights Movement
      • Forced Labor
    • African Americans
      • Martin Luther King Jr.
      • Civil Rights Movement
      • Frederick Douglass
      • Reconstruction
      • Civil War
      • Abolitionism
      • Slavery
    • Abolitionism
      • Frederick Douglass
      • John Brown
      • Reconstruction Amendments
    • Civil Rights Movement
      • Martin Luther King Jr. Day
      • Civil Rights Links
      • Rosa Parks
        • Rosa Parks Collaborative Poster
      • Civil Rights DBQ
      • Civil Rights Collaborative Poster
      • Frederick Douglass
      • African Americans
      • Reconstruction
    • War of 1812
      • Star-Spangled Banner
      • Canada
      • United Kingdom
    • Canada
      • Charles Inglis
      • United Kingdom
      • Foreign Relations
    • Star-Spangled Banner
      • Defense of Fort McHenry
      • Star-Spangled Banner Test
    • Washington, D.C.
      • U.S. Capitol
      • White House
      • National Park Service
        • Washington Monument
        • Thomas Jefferson Memorial
        • Lincoln Memorial
        • Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial
        • National Mall and Memorial Parks
      • Library of Congress Treasures
    • Industrialization
      • Cotton
    • Westward Expansion
      • Lewis and Clark Expedition
        • Lewis and Clark
      • Native Americans
      • Trail of Tears
      • Texas Republic
      • California Republic
      • Mexican War
    • Mexico
      • Mesoamerica
      • Exploration
      • Texas Republic
      • California Republic
      • Mexican War
      • Westward Expansion
    • Native Americans
      • Indian Removal Act
      • Westward Expansion
      • Colonies
    • Civil War
      • Union
      • Confederacy
      • John Brown
      • Emancipation Proclamation
      • Civil War Days
        • Civil War Days 240831
      • President Lincoln
      • Foreign Relations
    • Reconstruction
      • Reconstruction Amendments
      • Civil Rights Movement
      • Slave Clauses
    • Transportation
      • Industrialization
    • Suffrage
    • Social Studies
      • Agriculture
        • Cotton
        • Sugar
        • TEDEd Agriculture
      • Health and Disease
        • Smallpox
      • Oral History
      • Social Reform
      • American Culture
      • Archaeology
      • CUB
    • Authoritarianism
      • North Korea
      • China
      • Russia
      • Communism
    • North Korea
      • Escape! Viewing Guide
      • Communism
    • Russia
    • China
      • Great Wall of China
    • Philippines
    • Civilizations
      • Expeditions
      • Museums
    • World History
      • Roman History
      • Medieval Ages
        • Castle
        • Cathedral
        • Plague
      • Renaissance
      • Reformation
      • Mesoamerica
      • Baroque
    • World Religions
      • Christianity
      • Islam
    • World Geography
      • Geographical Features
      • World Geography Links
      • Seterra World Geography
      • Seterra Geography Games
    • Mnemonics
    • Activities
      • Four Voices
      • Collaborative Poster
      • Mind Map
        • All About Me Mind Map
        • History Mind Map
        • Concept Map
      • Content & Presentation Rubric
      • Socratic Seminar
      • Infographics
      • Ethics
      • Google Sites
    • LEGO Builders
      • LEGO Videos
        • LEGO Videos
      • LEGO Room
      • LEGO Articles
        • LEGO Articles
    • Minecraft Journeys
    • Writing
      • Research
      • 3-2-1 Summary
      • DBQ
        • DBQ Valley Forge
        • DBQ Free Blacks
      • Constructed Response
        • Civil War Constructed Response
      • Prompts
      • Four Key Questions
      • Keyboard Shortcuts
      • File Names
      • Britannica School
    • Reading
    • Education
    • School House Rock - America Rock
      • No More Kings - E1
      • Fireworks - E2
      • The Shot Heard Round the World - E3
      • The Preamble - E4
      • Sufferin Till Suffrage - E5
      • I'm Just a Bill - E6
      • The Great American Melting Pot - E7
      • Elbow Room - E8
      • Mother Necessity - E9
      • Three Ring Government - E10
      • I'm Gonna Send Your Vote To College - E11
      • Presidential Minute - E12
      • Tyrannosaurus Debt
      • Tax Man Max
      • shr
    • Creating America
      • Guided Reading Workbook
      • RSG Chapter 10
    • We the People
    • War
      • U.S. Armed Forces
      • War of Independence
      • War of 1812
      • Mexican War
      • Civil War
      • 9/11
  • Links
    • Articles
      • Articles Sheets
      • LEGO Articles
    • Videos
      • Videos Sheets
      • LEGO Videos
      • Video Archive
    • Lessons
      • Websters Dictionary 1828
      • Civic Learning Mount Vernon
      • Ag in the Classroom
    • Students
      • Clever
      • Classroom
      • PowerSchool
      • Rooms
      • Google Calendar
      • BVMS Students
      • Counselor Appointment
      • EUSD Resources
    • Tutorials
      • Apple iPad Tutorials
      • Rooms
      • McGraw Hill Tutorials
      • Write notes on your work
      • Keynote iPad User Guide
      • EUSD iPad Tutorials
    • Parents
      • Rooms
      • PowerSchool
      • Parent Conferences
      • BVMS
      • EUSD
      • EUSD App
      • Calendly Conference
      • Email
      • Telelearn
      • EUHSD
      • Civil War Days
      • The Revolution
    • Clever
    • Google Classroom
    • PowerSchool
    • Rooms
    • BVMS
    • EUSD
    • Google Drive
    • Wayground
    • Google Calendar
    • EUSD Student Resources
    • BVMS Student Resources
    • Counselors Appointment Request
    • Nearpod
    • DBQ Online
    • Britannica School
    • EUHSD
    • Teacher
      • PowerSchool Teacher
      • Google Apps Login
      • thrillshare
      • McGraw Hill
      • EUSD Web Help Desk
      • EUSD Teachers
      • Tools
      • Design
      • LEGO Attendance
      • PowerSchool Substitute
      • EUSD History/Social Science Teacher Resources
      • 8th Grade H/SS Pacing Guide 20
      • PeopleSoft
      • McGraw Hill Digital Technical Support
      • USC Dornsife Database
      • History Now Journal
      • https://gradegrabber.net/welcome.html
      • Lesson Links
      • Subdomains
    • Archives
  • About
    • Syllabus
      • BTSN Presentation
      • Grading
      • Participation Grade
      • PowerSchool
      • Rooms
      • Clever
      • Google Classroom
      • Parent Conferences
    • Grading
      • Participation Grade
      • McGraw Hill Grades
      • PowerSchool
    • Mr. Garritson
    • Telelearn
    • California Standards
      • California History-Social Studies Standards
      • Common Core State Standards
      • California Framework
      • C3 Framework
    • BVMS
      • Expectations
      • Friday Song
      • The Five Rachel’s Challenges
      • Technology
    • EUSD
    • CAASPP
    • EUHSD
      • High School Orientation
      • Escondido Union High School District
      • San Pasqual High School
      • Orange Glen High School
      • Escondido High School
      • Del Lago Academy
      • Choose You
      • International Academy
      • AVID
      • Jump Aboard
      • Escondido College, Career & Technical Education
    • McGraw Hill Impact
      • MH SmartBook
      • MH Lessons
      • MH Tutorials
    • C.U.B.
      • C.U.B. Costume Rentals
      • C.U.B. Volunteers
      • Essay Alternate Assignment
  • More
    • Telelearn
    • Assignments
      • SmartBook
      • MH Lessons
        • Ch 00 Handbook Historian's Toolkit
        • Ch 01 Changing Ideas and a Changing World
        • Ch 02 Colonial America
        • Ch 03 The Spirit of Independence
        • Ch 04 The American Revolution
        • Ch 05 A More Perfect Union
        • Ch 06 The Constitution
        • Ch 07 The Federalist Era
        • Ch 08 The Jefferson Era
        • Ch 09 Growth and Expansion
        • Ch 10 The Jackson Era
        • Ch 11 Manifest Destiny
        • Ch 12 North and South
        • Ch 13 The Spirit of Reform
        • Ch 14 Toward Civil War
        • Ch 15 The Civil War
        • Ch 16 The Reconstruction Era
        • Ch 17 Opening the West
        • Ch 18 The Industrial Age
        • Ch 19 A Changing Society
        • Ch 20 Supplemental Lesson
      • MH Resources
        • MH Resources 1-30
      • MH Assessments
        • Assessments
        • 01 Changing Ideas and a Changing World
        • 02 Colonial America
        • 03 The Spirit of Independence
        • 04 The American Revolution
        • 05 A More Perfect Union
        • 06 The Constitution
        • 07 The Federalist Era
        • 08 The Jefferson Era
        • 09 Growth and Expansion
        • 10 The Jackson Era
        • 11 Manifest Destiny
        • 12 North and South
        • 13 The Spirit of Reform
        • 14 Toward Civil War
        • 15 The Civil War
        • 16 The Reconstruction Era
        • 17 Opening the West
        • 18 The Industrial Age
        • 19 A Changing Society
        • 20 Supplemental Lesson
      • Assignments
      • Wayground
      • MH Inquiry Journal
      • Digest
        • Digest 1-30
      • Epic
        • Epic! School
      • Clever
      • Classroom
      • Powerschool
      • Wayground
      • Google Drive
      • Google Docs
    • Agenda
      • Calendar
        • Bell Schedules
      • Announcements
      • Bell Schedules
        • EUSD Bell Schedules
      • Parent Conferences
        • Calendly Conference
      • Clever
      • Classroom
    • Lessons
      • Learning Targets
      • Viewing Guides
        • Izzit Viewing Guides
          • Too Big to Fail Viewing Guide
          • A World of Money Viewing Guide
            • US Debt Clock
          • Too Much Money Viewing Guide
            • US Debt Clock
          • America & Mr. Smith Viewing Guide
          • Yours and Mine: The Lesson of 1623 Viewing Guide
          • Escape! Viewing Guide
          • Becoming Equal Under the Law Viewing Guide
            • Becoming Equal Under the Law Viewing Guide Key
          • Free Trade Viewing Guide
          • The Invisible Hand Viewing Guide
          • Read All About It! Viewing Guide
          • Eminent Domain Viewing Guide
            • Eminent Domain Viewing Guide Key
          • A History Changing Choice Viewing Guide
          • The Great Depression 2.0 Viewing Guide
          • The Paradox of Progress Viewing Guide
          • The People’s Economy
          • Power to the Planet Viewing Guide
          • Raise the Wage Viewing Guide
          • The Road to Prosperity Viewing Guide
          • What's Taxing about Taxes Viewing Guide
          • Where Did My Money Go? Viewing Guide
        • How the States Got their Shapes Viewing Guide
        • America the Story of Us
          • E1 - Rebels
          • E2 - Revolution
          • E3 - Westward
          • E4 - Division
          • E5 - Civil War
          • E6 - Heartland
          • E7 - Cities
          • E8 - Boom
        • Desperate Crossing
        • Declaration Viewing Guide
        • Rosa Parks Viewing Guide
        • Lewis & Clark Video
        • A More Perfect Union
        • Mill Times
          • Mill Times Key
        • Trail of Tears
        • April 1865
        • For the People
        • Founding Brothers
        • Gone with the Wind
        • Is America Number One?
        • John Brown Viewing Guide
        • North America Ho!
        • Overview of America
        • Presidents Viewing Guide
        • What's Great About America
      • Drive
      • United States Geography
        • U.S. Geography Songs
          • Memorize the 50 States Song
          • United States Capitals Song
        • U.S. Geography Mnemonics
        • U.S. Map Quizzes
        • U.S. Capitals
          • U.S. Capitals Pretest
        • U.S. Geography Games
          • U.S. State Capitals - Map Quiz Game
          • U.S. 50 States - Map Quiz Game
          • U.S. State Abbreviations - Map Quiz Game
          • U.S. Seterra Games
          • Seterra U.S. Map Games
        • U.S. Map Pretest
        • U.S. Historical Maps
        • U.S. Geography Videos
        • U.S. Statehood
        • U.S. Denonyms
      • United States History
        • Social Reform
        • American Treasures
        • Historic Dates
        • How We Became America
        • U.S. Documents
        • U.S. Historical Objects
        • American Culture
          • Smithsonian Institution
          • Library of Congress
          • National Archives
          • Websters Dictionary 1828
        • U.S. Armed Forces
        • Preservation
        • Historic Places
        • American Dictionary
          • Websters Dictionary 1828
      • American Holidays
        • Labor Day
        • 9/11
        • Constitution Day
          • The Preamble
          • Constitution of the United States
          • Bill of Rights
          • Amendments
          • Constitutional Convention
          • Constitution Links
        • Columbus Day
        • Halloween
        • Veterans Day
        • Thanksgiving Day
          • Yours and Mine: The Lesson of 1623 Viewing Guide
          • New England Colonies
        • Pearl Harbor Day
        • Bill of Rights Day
        • Christmas
        • New Years Day
        • Martin Luther King Jr.
          • Civil Rights Movement
        • Inauguration Day
        • Washington's Birthday
        • St. Patrick's Day
        • Easter
        • Patriot's Day
        • Cinco de Mayo
        • Memorial Day
          • Arlington National Cemetery
          • National Cemetery Administration
          • Riverside National Cemetery
          • Miramar National Cemetery
          • Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery
        • Black History Month
        • Independence Day
      • Colonies
        • Jamestown
        • Plymouth
          • Thanksgiving Day
          • Yours and Mine: The Lesson of 1623 Viewing Guide
          • Desperate Crossing
        • New England Colonies
        • Middle Colonies
        • Southern Colonies
        • French and Indian War
        • Exploration
          • Mesoamerica
        • Native Americans
        • Columbian Exchange
        • Slavery
        • Colonial America
        • Colonies Committee Report
      • War of Independence
        • Patriot's Day
        • Colonial America
        • Colonial America
        • Valley Forge
        • War of Independence Links
        • Boston Massacre
        • Yankee Doodle
        • Crossing the Delaware
        • Declaration of Independence
        • Articles of Confederation
        • George Washington
        • Founders
        • France
        • Marquis de Lafayette
        • United Kingdom
        • U.S. Armed Forces
        • Colonies
        • The Revolution Huntington Beach
      • Declaration of Independence
        • Declaration Transcription
        • Declaration Links
        • Declaration Written Test
        • Declaration History
        • Declaration Lessons
          • Declaration A Closer Look
          • Declaration DBQ
          • Ben and Me
          • The Declaration of Independence: Created Equal?
        • Declaration Videos
        • Declaration Viewing Guide
        • Thomas Jefferson
        • Semiquincentennial
        • Magna Carta
      • Articles of Confederation
        • Northwest Ordinance
        • Constitution of the United States
      • The Preamble
        • Preamble Test
        • Preamble Quizzes
        • The Preamble - E4
      • Constitution of the United States
        • Constitutional Convention
          • Convention Activity
        • Constitution Annotated
        • Bill of Rights
        • Amendments
        • Constitution Links
          • National Archives
        • Constitution Quizzes
        • Constitution Videos
        • Constitution Lessons
        • Constitution Explained
        • Constitution Visual Guide
        • Articles of Confederation
        • Branches of Government
        • Federalism
        • Constitution Day
        • Slave Clauses
        • Civics
        • Declaration of Independence
      • Bill of Rights
        • Bill of Rights Videos
        • Constitution Explained
        • Bill of Rights Pretest
        • Bill of Rights Paraphrase
        • Bill of Rights Summary Statements
        • Bill of Rights in Four Voices
        • Bill of Rights Illustrations
        • Bill of Rights Links
        • Bill of Rights Hand Gestures
        • Freedom of Expression
        • Amendment I
        • Amendment II
        • Amendment III
        • Amendment IV
        • Amendment V
        • Amendment VI
        • Amendment VII
        • Amendment VIII
        • Amendment IX
        • Amendment X
        • Amendments
        • Reconstruction Amendments
        • Magna Carta
      • Amendments
        • Constitution Explained
        • Reconstruction Amendments
        • Suffrage
        • Amendments History
      • George Washington
        • Mount Vernon
        • General Washington
        • President Washington
        • Washington's Birthday
        • War of Independence
        • Crossing the Delaware
        • Constitution of the United States
      • Civics
        • Constitution of the United States
        • Elections
          • Elections Archive
          • California Government
          • California Constitution
          • Vote at 16
          • Electoral College
          • US Debt Clock
        • Charters of Freedom
        • Constitution Day
        • 60-Second Civics
        • State of the Union
        • Civics Test Questions
        • Liberty
        • United States Flag
        • State Flags
        • Patriotism
        • U.S. Armed Forces
          • Armed Forces Videos
          • Patriotism
          • War of Independence
          • Civil War
          • War of 1812
          • Veterans Day
          • Memorial Day
          • Pearl Harbor Day
        • Courtroom
        • Electoral College
          • Electoral College Archive
        • California Government
          • California Constitution
        • Census
        • Foreign Relations
        • Civil Disobedience
        • Branches of Government
        • Government
        • Federalism
        • U.S. Capitol
        • Political Parties
        • Space Race
        • Semiquincentennial
        • United States Geography
        • Washington's Birthday
        • Washington, D.C.
        • Currency
        • US Debt Clock
        • Education
        • American Culture
      • Charters of Freedom
        • Declaration of Independence
        • Constitution of the United States
        • Bill of Rights
        • America's Founding Documents
      • Founders
        • George Washington
        • John Adams
        • Thomas Jefferson
        • James Madison
        • Benjamin Franklin
          • Ben and Me
        • Presidents
      • Federalism
        • Branches of Government
        • Government
        • California Government
        • Legislative Branch
        • Executive Branch
        • Judicial Branch
      • Branches of Government
        • Legislative Branch
          • House of Represenatives
          • Senate
        • Executive Branch
          • The Cabinet
          • Presidents
        • Judicial Branch
        • California Government
        • Federalism
        • 2018 Branches of Government
      • Presidents
        • President Washington
        • Executive Orders
        • State of the Union
        • Presidents Test
        • President Lincoln
        • White House
        • Executive Branch
        • Washington's Birthday
        • Presidents Viewing Guide
      • Political Parties
        • Federalist
        • Elections
      • Political Cartoons
      • Immigration
        • St. Patrick's Day
        • Cinco de Mayo
      • Foreign Relations
        • NATO
        • United Kingdom
        • France
        • Russia
        • China
        • North Korea
        • Canada
        • Mexico
        • Philippines
      • United Kingdom
        • Monarchy
        • Magna Carta
        • John Locke
        • The Glorious Seventy Four
        • War of Independence
        • War of 1812
        • Charles Inglis
        • Canada
        • Foreign Relations
      • France
        • Marquis de Lafayette
        • French Revolution
        • Foreign Relations
        • Emperor Napoleon
        • International Academy
      • Economics
        • Economic Systems
        • Communism
        • Inflation
          • US Debt Clock
        • Scarcity and Rarity
        • Property
        • Monopoly
        • Economics Links
          • izzit
          • Econlife
          • US Currency
          • US Debt Clock
          • Index of Economic Freedom
        • Currency
        • Business
        • Government
      • Currency
        • Coins
        • Gold and Silver
        • U.S. Currency Denominations
        • US Debt Clock
        • Federal Reserve System
      • Trade
        • Tariffs and Trade War
        • Trade Goods
          • Sugar
          • Cotton
        • Canals
        • Ports and Harbors
      • Business
        • Trade Goods
        • Tariffs and Trade War
        • Economics
        • Industrialization
        • Agriculture
        • Civics
      • Sectionalism
        • Slavery
        • Industrialization
        • Mill Times
        • John Brown
        • Tariffs and Trade War
        • Cotton
      • Slavery
        • Slave Clauses
        • Dred Scott Case
        • Slavery Links
        • Smithsonian’s Objects That Define America
        • Frederick Douglass
        • Civil War
        • Reconstruction Amendments
        • Reconstruction
        • Civil Rights Movement
        • Forced Labor
      • African Americans
        • Martin Luther King Jr.
        • Civil Rights Movement
        • Frederick Douglass
        • Reconstruction
        • Civil War
        • Abolitionism
        • Slavery
      • Abolitionism
        • Frederick Douglass
        • John Brown
        • Reconstruction Amendments
      • Civil Rights Movement
        • Martin Luther King Jr. Day
        • Civil Rights Links
        • Rosa Parks
          • Rosa Parks Collaborative Poster
        • Civil Rights DBQ
        • Civil Rights Collaborative Poster
        • Frederick Douglass
        • African Americans
        • Reconstruction
      • War of 1812
        • Star-Spangled Banner
        • Canada
        • United Kingdom
      • Canada
        • Charles Inglis
        • United Kingdom
        • Foreign Relations
      • Star-Spangled Banner
        • Defense of Fort McHenry
        • Star-Spangled Banner Test
      • Washington, D.C.
        • U.S. Capitol
        • White House
        • National Park Service
          • Washington Monument
          • Thomas Jefferson Memorial
          • Lincoln Memorial
          • Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial
          • National Mall and Memorial Parks
        • Library of Congress Treasures
      • Industrialization
        • Cotton
      • Westward Expansion
        • Lewis and Clark Expedition
          • Lewis and Clark
        • Native Americans
        • Trail of Tears
        • Texas Republic
        • California Republic
        • Mexican War
      • Mexico
        • Mesoamerica
        • Exploration
        • Texas Republic
        • California Republic
        • Mexican War
        • Westward Expansion
      • Native Americans
        • Indian Removal Act
        • Westward Expansion
        • Colonies
      • Civil War
        • Union
        • Confederacy
        • John Brown
        • Emancipation Proclamation
        • Civil War Days
          • Civil War Days 240831
        • President Lincoln
        • Foreign Relations
      • Reconstruction
        • Reconstruction Amendments
        • Civil Rights Movement
        • Slave Clauses
      • Transportation
        • Industrialization
      • Suffrage
      • Social Studies
        • Agriculture
          • Cotton
          • Sugar
          • TEDEd Agriculture
        • Health and Disease
          • Smallpox
        • Oral History
        • Social Reform
        • American Culture
        • Archaeology
        • CUB
      • Authoritarianism
        • North Korea
        • China
        • Russia
        • Communism
      • North Korea
        • Escape! Viewing Guide
        • Communism
      • Russia
      • China
        • Great Wall of China
      • Philippines
      • Civilizations
        • Expeditions
        • Museums
      • World History
        • Roman History
        • Medieval Ages
          • Castle
          • Cathedral
          • Plague
        • Renaissance
        • Reformation
        • Mesoamerica
        • Baroque
      • World Religions
        • Christianity
        • Islam
      • World Geography
        • Geographical Features
        • World Geography Links
        • Seterra World Geography
        • Seterra Geography Games
      • Mnemonics
      • Activities
        • Four Voices
        • Collaborative Poster
        • Mind Map
          • All About Me Mind Map
          • History Mind Map
          • Concept Map
        • Content & Presentation Rubric
        • Socratic Seminar
        • Infographics
        • Ethics
        • Google Sites
      • LEGO Builders
        • LEGO Videos
          • LEGO Videos
        • LEGO Room
        • LEGO Articles
          • LEGO Articles
      • Minecraft Journeys
      • Writing
        • Research
        • 3-2-1 Summary
        • DBQ
          • DBQ Valley Forge
          • DBQ Free Blacks
        • Constructed Response
          • Civil War Constructed Response
        • Prompts
        • Four Key Questions
        • Keyboard Shortcuts
        • File Names
        • Britannica School
      • Reading
      • Education
      • School House Rock - America Rock
        • No More Kings - E1
        • Fireworks - E2
        • The Shot Heard Round the World - E3
        • The Preamble - E4
        • Sufferin Till Suffrage - E5
        • I'm Just a Bill - E6
        • The Great American Melting Pot - E7
        • Elbow Room - E8
        • Mother Necessity - E9
        • Three Ring Government - E10
        • I'm Gonna Send Your Vote To College - E11
        • Presidential Minute - E12
        • Tyrannosaurus Debt
        • Tax Man Max
        • shr
      • Creating America
        • Guided Reading Workbook
        • RSG Chapter 10
      • We the People
      • War
        • U.S. Armed Forces
        • War of Independence
        • War of 1812
        • Mexican War
        • Civil War
        • 9/11
    • Links
      • Articles
        • Articles Sheets
        • LEGO Articles
      • Videos
        • Videos Sheets
        • LEGO Videos
        • Video Archive
      • Lessons
        • Websters Dictionary 1828
        • Civic Learning Mount Vernon
        • Ag in the Classroom
      • Students
        • Clever
        • Classroom
        • PowerSchool
        • Rooms
        • Google Calendar
        • BVMS Students
        • Counselor Appointment
        • EUSD Resources
      • Tutorials
        • Apple iPad Tutorials
        • Rooms
        • McGraw Hill Tutorials
        • Write notes on your work
        • Keynote iPad User Guide
        • EUSD iPad Tutorials
      • Parents
        • Rooms
        • PowerSchool
        • Parent Conferences
        • BVMS
        • EUSD
        • EUSD App
        • Calendly Conference
        • Email
        • Telelearn
        • EUHSD
        • Civil War Days
        • The Revolution
      • Clever
      • Google Classroom
      • PowerSchool
      • Rooms
      • BVMS
      • EUSD
      • Google Drive
      • Wayground
      • Google Calendar
      • EUSD Student Resources
      • BVMS Student Resources
      • Counselors Appointment Request
      • Nearpod
      • DBQ Online
      • Britannica School
      • EUHSD
      • Teacher
        • PowerSchool Teacher
        • Google Apps Login
        • thrillshare
        • McGraw Hill
        • EUSD Web Help Desk
        • EUSD Teachers
        • Tools
        • Design
        • LEGO Attendance
        • PowerSchool Substitute
        • EUSD History/Social Science Teacher Resources
        • 8th Grade H/SS Pacing Guide 20
        • PeopleSoft
        • McGraw Hill Digital Technical Support
        • USC Dornsife Database
        • History Now Journal
        • https://gradegrabber.net/welcome.html
        • Lesson Links
        • Subdomains
      • Archives
    • About
      • Syllabus
        • BTSN Presentation
        • Grading
        • Participation Grade
        • PowerSchool
        • Rooms
        • Clever
        • Google Classroom
        • Parent Conferences
      • Grading
        • Participation Grade
        • McGraw Hill Grades
        • PowerSchool
      • Mr. Garritson
      • Telelearn
      • California Standards
        • California History-Social Studies Standards
        • Common Core State Standards
        • California Framework
        • C3 Framework
      • BVMS
        • Expectations
        • Friday Song
        • The Five Rachel’s Challenges
        • Technology
      • EUSD
      • CAASPP
      • EUHSD
        • High School Orientation
        • Escondido Union High School District
        • San Pasqual High School
        • Orange Glen High School
        • Escondido High School
        • Del Lago Academy
        • Choose You
        • International Academy
        • AVID
        • Jump Aboard
        • Escondido College, Career & Technical Education
      • McGraw Hill Impact
        • MH SmartBook
        • MH Lessons
        • MH Tutorials
      • C.U.B.
        • C.U.B. Costume Rentals
        • C.U.B. Volunteers
        • Essay Alternate Assignment

The Cabinet

Executive Branch

Presidents

Senate

Branches of Government

ArtII.S2.C1.2 Executive Departments

Article II, Section 2, Clause 1:

The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.

Washington and His Cabinet

Cabinet Members

 While the current presidential cabinet includes sixteen members, George Washington’s cabinet included just four original members: Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph. Washington set the precedents for how these roles would interact with the presidency, establishing the cabinet as the chief executive's private, trusted advisors.

First Cabinet Confirmation

https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/nominations/first-cabinet-confirmation.htm "On September 11, 1789, the new federal government under the Constitution took a large step forward. On that day, the president of the United States sent his first cabinet nomination to the Senate for its “advice and consent.” Minutes later, perhaps even before the messenger returned to the president’s office, senators approved unanimously the appointment of Alexander Hamilton to be secretary of the treasury...In establishing the first cabinet departments, Congress considered treasury to be the most important. Legislators spelled out its responsibilities in great detail and provided staff resources greater than all other government agencies combined." United States Senate | About Nominations | Historical Highlights

Presidential Cabinet Nominations

President Jimmy Carter through President George W. Bush

THE CABINET

THE BIDEN-HARRIS ADMINISTRATION

April 5, 2024

The Cabinet’s role is to advise the President on any subject he or she may require relating to the duties of each member’s respective office.

President Joe Biden’s Cabinet includes Vice President Kamala Harris and the heads of the 15 executive departments — the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, and the Attorney General. Additionally, the Cabinet includes the White House Chief of Staff, the US Ambassador to the United Nations, the Director of National Intelligence, and the US Trade Representative, as well as the heads of the Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Management and Budget, Council of Economic Advisers, Office of Science and Technology Policy, and Small Business Administration.

President Biden’s Cabinet reflects his pledge to appoint leaders of government agencies that reflect the country they aim to serve.

In order of succession to the Presidency:

Kamala Harris

VICE PRESIDENT

Antony Blinken

SECRETARY OF STATE

Dr. Janet Yellen

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY

Lloyd Austin

SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

Merrick Garland

ATTORNEY GENERAL

Deb Haaland

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR

Tom Vilsack

SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE

Gina Raimondo

SECRETARY OF COMMERCE

Julie Su

ACTING SECRETARY OF LABOR

Xavier Becerra

SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Marcia Fudge

SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Pete Buttigieg

SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION

Jennifer Granholm

SECRETARY OF ENERGY

Dr. Miguel Cardona

SECRETARY OF EDUCATION

Denis McDonough

SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

Alejandro Mayorkas

SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Michael Regan

ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Avril Haines

DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Katherine Tai

UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE

Linda Thomas-Greenfield

UNITED STATES AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED NATIONS

Jared Bernstein

CHAIR OF THE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS

Isabel Guzman

ADMINISTRATOR OF THE SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Shalanda Young

DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET

Dr. Arati Prabhakar

DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY

William Burns

DIRECTOR OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

Jeff Zients

CHIEF OF STAFF

  • https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet

THE CABINET

The White House

President Trump

Established in Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution, the Cabinet’s role is to advise the President on any subject he may require relating to the duties of each member’s respective office.

President Donald J. Trump’s Cabinet includes Vice President Mike Pence and the heads of the 15 executive departments – the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, and the Attorney General. Additionally, the Cabinet includes the White House Chief of Staff and heads of the Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Management and Budget, United States Trade Representative, Central Intelligence Agency, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and Small Business Administration.

President Trump’s Cabinet

Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue

Acting Attorney General Jeffrey Rosen

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Gina Haspel

Secretary of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr.

Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher C. Miller

Secretary of Education Elisabeth Prince DeVos

Secretary of Energy Dan Brouillette

Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Andrew Wheeler

Secretary of Health and Human Services Alex Azar

Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Benjamin S. Carson, Sr.

Secretary of the Interior David Bernhardt

Secretary of Labor Eugene Scalia

Director of the Office of Management and Budget Russ Vought

Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe

Administrator of the Small Business Administration Jovita Carranza

Secretary of State Mike Pompeo

Secretary of Transportation Elaine L. Chao

Secretary of the Treasury Steven T. Mnuchin

U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer

Secretary of Veterans Affairs Robert Wilkie

Vice President Michael R. Pence

White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows

Learn more about the Executive Branch.

THE CABINET

the WHITE HOUSE PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA

This is historical material “frozen in time”. The website is no longer updated and links to external websites and some internal pages may not work.

The tradition of the Cabinet dates back to the beginnings of the Presidency itself. Established in Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution, the Cabinet's role is to advise the President on any subject he may require relating to the duties of each member's respective office.

The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments — the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, as well as the Attorney General.

In order of succession to the Presidency:

Vice President of the United States

Joseph R. Biden

Department of State

Secretary John Kerry

state.gov

Department of the Treasury

Secretary Jack Lew
treasury.gov

Department of Defense

Secretary Ashton Carter

defense.gov

Department of Justice

Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch

usdoj.gov

Department of the Interior

Secretary Sally Jewell

doi.gov

Department of Agriculture

Secretary Thomas J. Vilsack

usda.gov

Department of Commerce

Secretary Penny Pritzker

commerce.gov

Department of Labor

Secretary Thomas E. Perez

dol.gov

Department of Health and Human Services

Secretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell

hhs.gov

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Secretary Julián Castro

hud.gov

Department of Transportation

Secretary Anthony Foxx

dot.gov

Department of Energy

Secretary Ernest Moniz

energy.gov

Department of Education

Secretary John King

ed.gov

Department of Veterans Affairs

Secretary Robert McDonald

va.gov

Department of Homeland Security

Secretary Jeh Johnson

dhs.gov

The following positions have the status of Cabinet-rank:

White House Chief of Staff

Denis McDonough

Environmental Protection Agency

Administrator Gina McCarthy

epa.gov

Office of Management & Budget

Director Shaun L.S. Donovan

whitehouse.gov/omb

United States Trade Representative

Ambassador Michael Froman

ustr.gov

United States Mission to the United Nations

Ambassador Samantha Power

usun.state.gov

Council of Economic Advisers

Chairman Jason Furman

whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/cea

 Small Business Administration

Administrator Maria Contreras-Sweet

sba.gov

© Telelearn.org 2025
Report abuse
Report abuse