Direct In Vitro Regeneration of Fig (Ficus carica L. CV. Benaty) from Apical and Lateral Buds

Rafail S. Toma and Yousif S. Tamer

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Iraq

Ministry of Education, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10453

Abstract

Benaty fig plant was successfully propagated by tissue culture technique and a

reproducible and reliable micropropagation protocol was developed through this

investigation. At initiation stage, healthy aseptic cultures from lateral and terminal bud

explants of about 85% were achieved when the explants were treated with 0.15% HgCl 2

for 7 minutes. A combined solution of ascorbic acid and citric acid (100 and 150 mgl -1 )

was successfully used to overcome the problem of phenolic compounds exudation from

the explants into the culture media. At shoot multiplication stage, the addition of 2.0 mgl -

1 from both BA and kinetin gave the highest number of shoots per explant estimated at

2.66 and 3.33 shoots/ explant respectively. As well as, activated charcoal promoted

shoots multiplication in all multiplication parameters. The highest number of shoots per

explants (5 shoots/ explant) was obtained on MS medium containing 4.0 gl -1 AC. At root

formation stage, the interaction treatment of full MS salt strength with the use of 0.25

mgl -1 NAA gave the highest rooting percentage reaching 87.5%. The highest number of

roots (18.5 roots/ explant) was recorded as well from the combined treatment of full MS

salt strength with the use of 0.25 mgl -1 NAA. While the longest roots (6.66 cm) were

recorded from the interaction treatment of half salt strength and 0.50 mgl -1 IBA. The

addition of activated charcoal to the rooting culture medium decreased the rooting

percentage from 87.5% at control treatment to 50% and 62.5% when 2.0 and 4.0 gl -1 AC

were respectively added. The in vitro propagated fig plantlets were gradually moved in a

successful way from lab to field conditions with 95% survival rate.

Key Words:

Ficus carica L., in vitro, micropropagation, activated charcoal

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