jzs-10653

Effects of Potassium and Calcium Salts on Chlorophylls and Carotenoids Contents, and some Stomata Properties of Vicia faba L 

, Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed1Ikbal Muhammed Gharib AL-Barzinji1, Aroul Muhson Anwar1

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Kurdistan Region , Iraq

Original: 30/10/2017, Revised: 29/12/2017, Accepted: 06/02/2018, Published online:

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10653

Abstract

This study was carried out by using foliar spraying with two cations and tow anions that where potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium chloride (CaCl.2H2O), and calcium sulphate (CaSO4), in addition to the control plants that sprayed with tap water, two concentration of each treatment (5 and 7.5 g/l) were used to investigate there effects on chlorophylls, carotenoids contents and some stomata characteristics of Vicia faba L. var. Barcelona. The results show that KCl increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids significantly compared to other treatments, except the CaSO4 treatment for chlorophyll b, whereas there were non-significant differences between salts concentrations on these pigments. Salts type had non-significant effects on stomata number on both of adaxial and abaxial leaves surfaces. Regarding stomata guard cell length in abaxial surfaces the differences between the treatments were non-significant, whereas in adaxial surfaces each of control and CaCl.2H2O had the highest length compared to K2SO4 treatment. Stomata guard cell width on abaxial surfaces increased significantly when CaSO4 salt was sprayed compared to the control and CaCl.2H2O treatments, whereas the differences were non-significant in respect to adaxial leaves surfaces. There were non-significant differences between salt concentrations on the characteristics of stomata on adaxial and abaxial leaves surfaces.

 Key Words: Vicia faba L. Potassium, Calcium, Chlorophyll, Carotenoids, Stomata.    

References:

[1] Matlob, A.N., Muhammed, I.S. and Abdol, K.S. “Vegetables Production”, Part two, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Mosul Univ. Iraq. (1989).

[2] Evangelista, J.R.E., Oliveira, J.A., Botelho, F.J.E., Carvalho, B.O., Vilela, F.L. and Oliveira, G.E. "Physiological quality and yield of bean seeds from the seeds treated with rooter and mineral nutrition plants", Ciência e Agrotecnologia, Vol.(34), pp.1664-1668. (2010).

[3] Barta, A.L. "Response of symbiotic N2-fixation and assimilate partitioning of K supply in alfalfa", Crop Science, Vol.(22), pp.89-92. (1982).

[4] Sarkar, R.K. and Malik, G.C. “Effect of foliar spray of potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate on grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) grown in rice fallows”, Lathyrus Lathyrism Newsletter, 2, pp.47-48. (2001).

[5] Garg, B.K., Burmin, U. and Kathju, S. "Physical aspects of drought tolerance in cluster bean and strategies for yield improvement under arid conditions", Journal of Arid Legumes, Vol.(2), pp. 61-66. (2005).

[6] Marschner, H. “Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants”. 2nd ed. New York, Academic Press, London. (1995).

[7] Sanders, D., Brownlee, C. and Harper, J.F. "Communicating with calcium", Plant Cell, Vol. (11), pp. 691-706. (1999).

[8] Barker, A.V. and Pilbeam, D.J. “Plant Nutrition”, Taylor & Francis Group, New York, USA, pp.613. (2007).

[9] Farinelli, R., Penariol, F.G., Souza, F.S., Piedade, A.R. and Lemos, L.B. "Agronomic characteristics and seed physiological quality of common bean cultivars fertilized by foliar spray of calcium and boron", Científica, Vol.(34), pp.59-65. (2006).

[10] Bai, R.Q., Schlegel, T.K., Schönherr, J.and Masinde, P.W. "The effects of foliar applied CaCl2 . 2H2O, Ca(OH)2 and K2CO3 combined with the surfactants Glucopon and Plantacare on gas exchange of 1 year old apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and broad bean (Vicia faba L.) leaves", Scientia Horticulturae, Vol.(116), pp.5257.(2008).

[11] Kraemer, T., Hunsche, M. and Noga, G. "Selected calcium salt formulations: interactions between spray deposit characteristics and Ca penetration with consequences for rain-induced wash-off", Journal of Plant Nutrition, Vol.(32), No. 10, pp.1718–1730. (2009).

[12] Srivastrava, H.S. “Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnolog”, 1st Edition. Rastogi publications. India. (2010).

[13] Lichtenthaler, H.K. and Wellburn, A.R. "Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls A and B of leaf in different solvents", Biology Society Transactions, Vol.(11), pp. 591-592. (1983).

[14] Rai, P. and Mishra, R.M. "Effect of urban air pollution on epidermal traits of road side tree species, Pongamia pinnata (L. ", Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology & Food Technology, Vol.(2), No.6, pp.4-7. (2013).

[15] Reza, A.H. “Design of Experiments for Agriculture and the Natural Sciences”, New York. Chapmann & Hall. (2006).

[16] Shokr, M.M.B., Elsaid, M. E. and Shafeek, M.R. "Effect of some stimulative substances as foliar applications on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity under milder thermo-stress of local summer season", Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. (4), No. 2, pp.175-180. (2014).

[17] Abuthahi, U. M. and Younis, M. A. “Indication to Plant Nutrition” Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Directorate of Book House of Printing and Publishing. Mosul Univ. Iraq. (1988).

[18] AL-Sahaf, F. H. “Practical Plant Nutrition”, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Baghdad Univ. Iraq. (1989).

[19] Brevadan, E.R. and Hodges, M.A. "Effect of moisture deficit on 14C translocation in corn (Zea mays L.) ", Plant Physiology, Vol.(52), pp.436-439. (1973).

[20] Thalooth A.T., Tawfik, M.M. and Mohamed, M.H. "A comparative study on the effect of foliar application of zinc, potassium and magnesium on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of mungbean plants grown under water stress conditions", World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. (2), No. 1, pp. 37-46. (2006).

[21] Kabesh, M.O., Saad, A.O.M. and Behairy, T.G. "Increasing maize productivity by improving the effect of N- fertilizer by K-application", Egypt Journal of Agronomy, Vol.(10), pp.79-89. (1985).

[22] Rosolem, C.A., Boaretto, A.E. and Nakagawa, J. "Foliar application in common bean: VIII. sources and rates of calcium", Científica, Vol.(18), pp.81-86. (1999).

[23] Raschke, K. and Schnabl, H. "Availability of chloride affects the balance between potassium chloride and potassium malate in guard cells of Vicia faba L. ", Plant Physiology, Vol.(62), pp.84-87. (1978).

[24] Lee,Y. and Assmann, S.M. "Diacylglycerols induce both ion pumping in patch-clamped guard-cell protoplasts and opening of intact stomata", Proceedings of the National  Academy of Science, Vol.88, pp.2127–2131. (1991).

[25] Downton, W.j., Grant, W.J. and Robinson, S.P. "Photosynthetic and stomatal responses of spinach leaves to salt stress", Plant Physio1ogy, Vol.(78), pp.85-88. (1985).

[26] Terry, N. and Ulrich, A. "Effects of potassium deficiency on the photosynthesis and respiration of leaves of sugar beet under conditions of low sodium supply", Plant Physio1ogy, Vol. (51), pp. 1099-1101. (1973).

[27] Tomemori, H., Hamamura, K. and Tanabe, K. "Interactive effects of sodium and potassium on the growth and photosynthesis of spinach and komatsuna", Plant Production Science, Vol. (5), No.4, pp.281-285. (2002).

[28] Humble G.D. and Raschke, K. "Stomata opening quantitatively related to potassium transport", Plant Physiology, Vol.48, pp.447–453. (1971). 

Full Text