Embedded Files
Zanan M. A.Taha1, Meqdad S. Ahmed1 and Jassim M. Abdo1
Duhok Research Centre/ Faculty of Veterinary medicine/University of Duhok
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10386
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the contamination rate of Salmonella serotypes
and to determine their resistance profiling to six antibiotics from imported chicken
carcass surfaces at the food control unit in the Duhok city / Ministry of Health, Kurdistan
region of Iraq. in which the total 110 swabs were collected from April to June 2014. 21
samples out of 110 (19%) chickens were found to be contaminated with Salmonella and
belonging to 4 different serotypes. S. ohio 13 (61.9%) was the most frequent serotype
followed by S.newport 2 (9.5%), S.typhimurium 2 (9.5%), S.livingstone 1 (4.7%) and 3
(14.2%) isolates were non-typeable. 23.8% of the isolates were resistant to
ciprofloxacin, 100% to cephalothin, 85.7% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 28.5% to
gentamycin, 76.1% ticarcillin-calvulanic acid while none of the isolates were resistant to
imipenem (100% were susceptible). All Salmonella serotypes were resistant to at least
one antibiotic and 16 (76.1%) have been resistant to three or more antibiotics. The results
of this study indicate that there are high contamination rate of Salmonella in chicken
carcasses with a high drug resistance profiling and require good strategies for controlling
the pathogen during slaughtering. In addition, the selection of antibiotics should be with
a more prudent
Key Words: Salmonella, chicken carcasses, antimicrobial resistance, molecular identification Correspondence
Reference
1. Meldrum, R. J., and Wilson, I. G. (2005). Salmonella and Campylobacter in United Kingdom retail raw
chicken in. J. Food Protect.70: 1937-39.
2. Lynch, M., Painter, J., Woodruff, R., and Braden, C. (2006).Centres for disease control and prevention.
Surveillance for foodborne-disease outbreaks United States, 1998-2002. MMWR Surveill. Summ.55 (10):
1-42.
3. Mead, P. S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., et al. (1999). Food related illness and death in the United States.
Emerging Infect. Dis. 5: 607- 25.
4. Oosterom, J. (1991). Epidemiological studies and proposed preventive measures in the fight against
human Salmonellosis. Int. J. Food Microbial.12: 41-52.
5. Sakaridis, I., Soultos, E., Iossifidou, P., Koidis, P., and Ambrosiadis, I. (2011). Prevalence and
antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars from chicken carcasses in northern Greece. J. Food. Saf.
31:203-210.
6. EFSA-ECDC, European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
(2012a). The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and
food-borne outbreaks in 2012. EFSA Journal.
7. Bila, D. M., and Dezotti, M. (2003). Fármacos no MeioAmbiente.Quim. Nov. 26:523-530.
8. Markey, B., Leonard, F., Archambault, M., Cullinane, A., and Maguire, D. (2013).Clinical Veterinary
Microbiology. 2 edition. Mosby Elsevier printed in China. pp: 82-84.
9. Dallal, M. M. S., Taremi, M., Gachkar, L., Modarressi, S., Sanaei, M., Bakhtiari, R., et al. (2009).
Characterization of antibiotic resistant patterns of Salmonella serotypes isolated from beef and chicken
samples in Tehran. Jundishapur J. Microbiol. 2(4): 124- 131.
10. Mirhosseini, S.Z., Seidavi,A., Shivazad, M., Chamani , M., Sadeghi , A.A., and Pourseify, R. (2009).
Detection of Salmonella spp. in Gastrointestinal Tract of Broiler Chickens by Polymerase Chain
Reaction. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg. 15 (6): 965-970.
11. Chai, L. C., Robin, T., Ragavan, U. M., Gunsalam, J. W., Bakar, F. A., Ghazali, F. M., Radu, S., Kumar,
M. P. (2007). Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in salad vegetables in Malaysia. Int. J. Food Microbiol.
117(1):106-11.
12. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). (2013). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Third Informational Supplement (M100-S23). Wayne, PA, USA: Clinical
and Laboratory Standards Institute. 33(1): 1-199.
13. Cohen, N. D., Wallis, D. E., Neibergs, H. L., and Hargis, B. M. (1995). Detection of Salmonella
Enteritidis in Equine Feces Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Genus Specific Oligonucleotide
Primers. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 7(2): 219-22
14. Dallal, M. M. S., Doyle, M. P., Rezadehbashi, M., Dabiri, H., Sanaei, M., Modarresi, S., Bakhtiari, R.,
Sharifiy, K., et al. (2010). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella serotypes,
Campylobacter and Yersinia spp. isolated from retail chicken and beef, Tehran, Iran. Food Contr. 21:
388–392.
15. Dallal, M. M. S., Taremi, M., Gachkar, L., Modarressi, S., Sanaei, M., Bakhtiari, R., et al. (2009).
Characterization of antibiotic resistant patterns of Salmonella serotypes isolated from beef and chicken
samples in Tehran. Jundishapur J. Microbiol. 2(4): 124- 131.
16. Saeed, A. A., Hasoon, M. F., and Mohammed, M. H. (2013). Isolation and Molecular Identification of
Salmonella typhimurium from Chicken Meat in Iraq. J. World's Poult. Res. 3(2): 63-67.
17. Abd El-Aziz, D. M. (2013). Detection of Salmonella typhimurium in retail chicken meat and chicken
giblets. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 3(9): 678-681.
18. Cui, S., Ge, B., Zheng, J., and Meng, J. (2005). Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of
Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella Serovars in Organic Chickens from Maryland Retail Stores. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 71(7): 4108–4111.
19. Wang, H., Ye, K., Wei, X., Cao, J., Xu, X., and Zhou, G. (2013). Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance
and biofilm formation of Salmonella isolates from a chicken slaughter plant in China. Food Contr. 33:
378-384.
20. Capita, R., Alonso-Calleja, C., and Prieto, M. (2007). Prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovars and
genovars from chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in Spain. J. Appli. Microbiol.103: 1366–1375.
21. Rostagno, M. H., Wesley, I. V., Trampel, D. W., and Hurd, H. S. (2006). Salmonella prevalence in
market-age turkeys on farm and at slaughter. Poult. Scien. 85:1838-42.
22. Beery, J. T., Hugdahl, M. B., and Doyle, M. P. (1988). Colonization of gastrointestinal tracts of chicks by
Campylobacter jejuni. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2365–70.
23. AL-Iedani, A. A., Khudor, M. H., and Oufi, N. M. (2014).Isolation and identification of salmonella spp.
from poultry farms by using different techniques and evaluation of their antimicrobialsusceptibilities.Bas.
J. Vet. Res. 1 (1): 246-259.
24. Mansour, A. O., Al-Jbouri, S. A., and Mansour, H. (2013). Antimicrobial resistance pattern and RAPD
profile of Salmonella Ohio isolated from broiler farms in Al-Najaf and Al-Muthana provinces. Kufa J.
Vet. Med. Scien. 4(2): 18-30.
25. Nastasi, A., and Mammina, C. (2001). Presence of Class I Integrons in Multidrug-Resistant, Low-
Prevalence Salmonella Serotypes, Italy. Emerg. Infect. Diseas. 7(3): 2001
26. Agustin, A. I., Carraminana, J. J., Rota, C., and Herrera, A. (2005). Antimicrobial resistance of
Salmonella spp. from pigs at slaughter in Spain in 1993 and 2001. Soci. Applied Microbiol. 41:39–44.
27. Adhikari, B., Besser, T. E., Gay, J. M., Fox, L. K., Davis, M. A., Cobbold, R. N., Berge, A. C.,
McClanahan, R., and Hancock, D. D. (2009). Introduction of new multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica
strains into commercial dairy herds. Americ. Dairy Scien. Associ. 92 :4218–28.
28. Hoelzer, H., Soyer, Y., Rodriguez-Rivera, L. D., Cummings, K. J., McDonough, P. L., et al., (2010). The
Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance is higher among bovine than human Salmonella enterica herotype
newport, typhimurium, and 4,5,12:i:_ isolates in the United States but differs bys and geographic region.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76(17): 5947–59.
29. Parveen, S., Taabodi, M., Schwarz, J. G., Oscar, T., Harter-dennis, J., and White, D. G. (2007).
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella recovered from processed poultry. J. Food Protect.
70 (11) : 2466–72.
30. Glynn, M. K. D.V.M., M.P.V.M., Bopp, C. M. S., Dewitt, W. M. P.H., Dabney, P.M.S., Mokhtar, M.
M.D., M.P.H., and Angulo, F. J. D.V.M. (1998). Emergence of multidrug-resistan Salmonella enterica
serotype typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States. Massachus. Med. Socie. 338(19): 1333-38.
203...2.
31. World Health Organization (WHO). (2000). WHO global principles for the containment of antimicrobial resistance in animals intended for food. Report of a WHO Consultation, pp: 1-7
Page updated
Report abuse