jzs-10804

Socio-Demographic and Blood Group Findings in Children with Acute Leukemia: a single cancer center experience

Awayi Ghazy Abdulkareem 1*, Nawroz Othman Ali 2, Chnar Ali Mahmood 2, Warzer Dlshad Ome 2, Hiwa Mustafa Ahmad 2, Ari Karim Ali 2

1 Pediatric Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region- Iraq

2Hiwa Hematology/Oncology Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region- Iraq

*Corresponding author’s e-mail: awayi.abdulkareem@univsul.edu.iq 

Original: 25 July 2020        Revised: 16 September 2020        Accepted: 9 November 2020        Published online: 20 December 2020  

Doi Link:

Abstract

Leukemia is a cancer of white blood cells, in which the bone marrow produces irregular white blood cells. These cells swarm out the solid blood cells. In intense leukemia, the cells are highly irregular, and their number increments quickly. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) most common childhood malignancy in most parts of the world. The etiology of childhood leukemia is unknown and is probably multifactorial. Leukemia can often be cured. However, the association between this type of cancer and ABO blood group is not established. The present study aimed to identify the association between blood groups and Rh types with childhood leukemia. For this purpose, a quantitative design retrospective study was conducted between the 1st December 2019 and the 30th January 2020 on the records of 100 patients who were under 18 years old with diagnosed leukemia, treated, and followed at the pediatric unit of Hiwa Hospital in Sulaimaniyah. Data on patients’age, gender, residence, age at diagnosis, and blood group were collected. According to the retrospective analysis, 100 patients who met the diagnosis of ALL and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were 18 years or younger, most of them had ALL (81%), 85% lived in urban areas, 63% were male, and A+ was the most common blood group (36%). Also, there was no statistically significant association between ABO blood group and diverse autonomous factors with childhood leukemia. ABO blood groups can be used as an effective technique to understand the etiology of hematological malignancies, particularly if they are assessed within the ground of later atomic writing of such hereditary polymorphism.

Key Words: Socio-demographic, ABO blood group, children, Leukemia, cancer      

References

[1] Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. "How fast does leukemia develop?"  https://www.roswellpark.org/cancertalk/201810/how-fast-does-leukemia-develop. (2020).

[2] National Cancer Institute. [Bethesda, Md.], U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, pp.5. (2008).

[3] Al-Sudairy, R., Al-Nasser, A., Alsultan, A., Al Ahmari, A., Abosoudah, I., Al-Hayek, R., et al. "Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Saudi Arabia: a multi-institutional retrospective national collaborative study". Pediatric Blood & Cancer, Vol.61, No.1, pp.74–80. (2014).

[4] Clapp, R.W., Jacobs, M.M., and Lechler, E.L. "Environmental and Occupational Causes of Cancer New Evidence, 2005–2007". Reviews on Environ Health, Vol.23, No.1, pp.1–37. (2008).

[5] Curtin, K., Smith, K.R., Fraser, A., Pimentel, R., Kohlmann, W. and Schiffman, J.D. "Familial risk of childhood cancer and tumors in the Li-Fraumeni spectrum in the Utah Population Database: Implications for genetic evaluation in pediatric practice". International Journal of Cancer, Vol.133, No.10, pp.2444– 2453. (2013).

[6] Wiemels, J. "Perspectives on the causes of childhood leukemia". Chemico-Biological Interactions, Vol.196, No.3, pp.59–67. (2012).

[7] Giddings, B., Whitehead, T.P., Metayer, C., and Miller, M.D. "Childhood Leukemia Incidence in California: High and Rising in the Hispanic Population". Cancer, Vol.122, No.18. (2016).

[8] Linet, M.S., Kim, K.P. and Rajaraman, P. "Children’s exposure to diagnostic medical radiation and cancer risk: epidemiologic and dosimetric considerations". Pediatric Radiology, Vol.39, Suppl.1, pp.4- 26. (2009).

[9] Mosby, T.T., Cosgrove, M., Sarkardei, S., Platt, K.L. and Kaina, B. "Nutrition in adult and childhood cancer: role of carcinogens and anti-carcinogens". Anticancer Research, Vol.32, No.10, pp.4171-4192. (2012).

[10] American Cancer Society. "How is leukemia diagnosed?" Detailed Guide: Leukemia – Adult Chronic. American Cancer Society. (2010).

[11] Shephard, E.A., Neal, R.D., Rose, P.W., Walter, F.M. and Hamilton, W. "Symptoms of adult chronic and acute leukemia before diagnosis: large primary care case-control studies using electronic records". British Journal of General Practice, Vol.66, No.644, pp.e182-188. (2016).

[12] Anthea, M., Hopkins, J., McLaughlin, C.W., Johnson, S., Warner, M.Q., LaHart, et al."Human Biology and Health". Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1. (1993).

[13]cLane, W.J., Westhoff, C.M., Gleadall, N.S., Aguad, M., Smeland-Wagman R., Vege, S., et al. "Automated typing of red blood cell and platelet antigens: A whole-genome sequencing study".   Hematology, Vol.5, pp.e241-251. (2018).

[14] Vadivelu, M.K., Damodaran, S., Solomon, J. and Rajaseharan, A. "Distribution of ABO blood groups in acute leukemias and lymphomas". Ann Hematol, Vol.83, No.9, pp.584-587. (2004).

[15]Thomas, W. and Marcia, M. "Oncology". In Karen, J., and Robert, M. (Editors). Nelson Essential of Pediatrics. 7th ed. Elsevier Inc. Vol.21, pp.534-552. (2015).

[16] Kumar, C.C. "Genetic abnormalities and challenges in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia". Genes Cancer, Vol.2, No.2, pp.95–107. (2011).

[17] Polit, D.F. and Hungler, P.E. "Nursing research: Principles and methods". 5th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company. (1999).

[18] Garratty, G. "Relationship of blood groups to disease: Do blood group antigens have a biological role?" Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc., Vol.43, Suppl.1, pp.113-21. (2005).

[19] Ochoa-García, P.P., Martínez-Romero, A., García-Contreras, L.O., Ortega-Sánchez, J.L., Hernandez- Salgado, J.R. and Cervantes-Flores, M. "Association between the phenotype of the blood group system AB0 and Leukemia". Biomedical Research, Vol.30, No.4, pp.639-644. (2019).

[20] Zuppa, A.A., Cardiello, V., Lai, M., Cataldi, L., D’Andrea, V. and Romagnoli, C. "ABO hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: An iatrogenic complication of heterologous assisted reproductive technology-induced pregnancy". Journal of American Association of Blood Banks, Vol.50, No.10, pp.2102- 2104. (2010).

[21] Ravarian, M., Sadeghian, M.H., Ebrahimzadeh, S. and Daneshvar, D. "Frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups in patients with acute leukemia". Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Vol.13, No.1, pp.121-126. (2011).

[22] Ad’hiah, A.H. and Ekhlass, A.N. "Distribution of ABO blood groups in Iraqi samples of leukemia and lymphomas". Iraqi Journal of Cancer and Medical Genetics, Vol.5, No.1, pp.16-21.(2012).

[23] Tavasolian, F., Abdollahi, E., Vakili, M. and Amini, A. "Relationship between ABO blood group and acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Iranian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology,Vol.4, No.1, pp.1-4. (2014).

View Full Article