jzs-10664

Yellow rust development on different wheat genotypes

Emad Mahmood Al-Maaroof 1, Asoda Mohammed Nori1

1 Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Original: 19/11/2017, Revised: 10/01/2018, Accepted: 06/02/2018, Published online:

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10664

Abstract

Yellow (Stripe) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend, is currently considered as one of the most destructive foliar diseases of wheat in many wheat-growing areas in Iraq. The recent results of rust surveillance activities efforts showed that the epidemics of the disease have occurred annually in many wheat fields and caused significant decline in the national grain production. Yellow rust development were studied in seven different wheat genotypes with diverse levels of resistance and susceptibility under natural epidemics of the disease during two successive seasons in 2009 to 2011 at Bakrajo Experimental Station, Sulaimani. Results revealed that the highest disease development curve was recorded for SaberBeg, which resulted from 100% disease severity within 24 days, while the lowest value was recorded for Al-124 and resulted from 7.2% disease severity. Significant differences between the Areas under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPCs) values were also detected among the tested genotypes. AUDPCs values ranged from 13.8 to 311. The mean infection rate value in SaberBeg (0.312) was significantly surpassed all other wheat genotypes. Variations in infection rate and disease development curves among the genotypes were mainly attributed to the characteristics of P. striiformis pustules and uredospore’s on the tested genotype tissues. Significant differences in pustule size, number of pustules per unit area, inoculum load and dimension of uredospore were detected between the genotypes which were also reflected on the epidemic buildup of the disease on the tested genotypes. 

  Key Words: Stripe rust, Puccinia striiformis, Triticum aestivum, Epidemics, Fungal diseases

References:

 [1] Al-Maaroof, E., H. Hadwan, L. Mohamed, A. Naser, A. AbdulRazak, H. Naser, S. Ali, S. Fattah, N. Rasheed,  and K. Tufeek. “Serious outbreak of wheat stripe rust disease in Iraq”. J. of Univ. of Duhok. Vol. 15, pp. 358-369 (2012).   

[2] Hogg,W.H, C.E Houmm, A.K Mallik, J.C and Zadoks.“Meteorological factors affecting the epidemiology of wheat rust”. WMO Technical Note. No.99, pp.143-238(1969).

[3] El-Naimi, M. and Mamluk. “Occurrence and virulence of wheat rust in Syria”. Arab J. Plant Protect. Vol.13, pp. 76-82(1995).    

[4] Torabi, M., V. Mardoukhi, K. Nazari, F. Afshari, A. Forotan, M. Ramai, H. Golzar, and H. Kashani.“Effectiveness of wheat yellow rust resistance genes in different part of Iran”. Cereal rust and powdery mildews bulletin Vol. 23, pp. 9-12,(1995).

[5] Al-Maaroof, E.M.“The role of variety mixtures in disease control of wheat rusts caused by Puccinia recondita and P. striiformis in Iraq”. Ph.D thesis, university of agriculture, Baghdad. 1-132. (1997). 

[6] Al-Maaroof, E.M, M.Y Ahmed, and W.U Hussein.“Virulence of wheat yellow rust disease in Iraq”. Iraqi J. of Biol. Vol. 13, pp. 1-10, (2003).

[7] Al-Maaroof, E.M, M. Hovmoler, R. Ali, H. Mohamed, A. Naser, and L. Mohamed “Detection of Yr27 virulence in Puccinia striiformis f.sp. triticci populations”. J. of Wheat Res. Vol.7, pp. 39-47(2015).

[8] Wan, A.M, X.M Chen, and Z.H He. “Wheat stripe rust in china”. Aust. J. Agric. Res. Vol. 58, pp. 619-695, (2007).

[9] Al-Baldawi, A.A.“Occurrence and importance of wheat and barley disease in Iraq”. Proc. of the workshop  on Technology transfer in the production of cereals and legumes. 20-22 Sept.1993,Mosul, Iraq. pp.106-113, (1993).

[10] Al-Maaroof, E.M., I.F. Ibrahim, and A.A. Al-Janabi. “Host reaction of some wheat cultivars with Puccinia  recondite Rob ex Desm in Iraq”. Arab. J. Pl. Prot. Vol.13, pp.86-89, (1995). 

[11] Luo, Y., and S.M Zeng. “Simulation studies on epidemics of wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) on slow-rusting cultivars and analysis of effects of resistance components”. Pl. Pathol. Vo.44, pp.340-349 (1995).

[12] Gopalan, R. and J.G Manners. “Environmental and other factors affecting germination of  uredospores of Puccinia striiformis”. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. Vol. 82, pp. 239-243(1984).   

[13] Kampmeijr, P., and J.C Zadoks. “Epimul, a simulator of foci and epidemics in mixtures of resistant and susceptible plant mosaics and multiline: simulation monographs”. Wageningen: pudoc. 50p. (1997).

[14] Eugene, A.M.“Comparison of old and new strains of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici for ability to initiate   epidemics from over wintering infections” Proceeding of 12th international cereal rusts and powdery mildews, Antalya, Turkey. 21 Pp (2009).

[15] Garrett, K.A, S.H Hulbert, L.E Leach, and S.E Travers. “Ecological genomics and epidemiology”. European j. of plant pathol. Vol.115, pp 35-51(2006).

[16] Lewellen, R., E. Sharp and E. Hehn.“Major and minor genes in the wheat for resistance of Puccinia striiformis and their response to temperature changes”. Can. J. Botany,Vol.45 pp. 2155- 2172 (1967).

[17] Peterson, R.F, A.B Campbell, and Hanna. “Adiagrammatic scale for estimating rust severity on leaves and stems of cereal”. Can. J. Res. Sec. C. Vol. 26, pp. 249-500 (1949).

[18] Vander Plank, J.E. “Plant disease epidemic and control”.  Academic press, New York, London. 349 pp. (1963).

[19] Roelfs, A.P, R.P Singh, and E.E Saari. “Rust disease of wheat, Concepts methods of disease management”. Mexico,D.F, CIMMYT. P81(1992).

[20] Rapilly, F. “Yellow rust epidemiology”. Ann. Rev. Phytopath. Vol. 17, pp. 59-73(1979).

[21] Tomerlin, J., M. Eversmeyer, C.  Kramer, and L. Browder. “Temperature and host effects on latent and infections period on urediniospore production of  Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici . Phytopathol. Vol. 73, pp. 414 -419 (1983).

[22] Tomerlin, J., M. Eversmeyer, C. Kramer, and L. Browder. “Environmental and host effect on coloney development of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Phytopath. Vol. 74, pp. 225-229(1984).

[23] Eversmeyer, M.G, C.L Karamer, and Z.M Hassan.“Environmental influences on the establishment of Puccinia recondita infection structures”. Plant Dis. Vol.72, pp. 409-412(1988).

[24] Al-Maaroof, E.M, K.K, Abass, S.H Abdullah, and H.A Ismael."Reem a new wheat cultivar resistant to brown and yellow rust diseases and with high yield potential” J. of Iraqi Agri. Vol. 14, pp.165-175. (2009).

[25] Al-Maaroof, E.M, A.H Naser, H.M Naser, and L.O Mohammed. “New virulence of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. trittici on wheat in Iraq”. Proccedings of the Borlang Global Rust intiative 2010 Technical workshop (BGRI), 30 May-4 June, 2010, St., Petersburg, Russia, 82Pp. (2010).

[26] Al-Maaroof, E.M, M.S, Hakim, and A. Yahyaoui. “Isolation and identification of tow physiological races  of wheat yellow rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis west f. sp. tritici in Iraq”. Iraqi Agr. Sci. J. Vol. 34,  pp.157-164. (2003).

[27] Chen, X. “Epidemiology and control of stripe rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici on wheat”. Plant Pathology. Vol. 27, pp. 314-337 (2005).

[28] Stubbs, R.W. “Pathogenicity and analysis of yellow rust of wheat and its  significance in a global context”.  Pp. 23-28 In. N.W Simonds and S. Rajaram (Eds). “Breeding strategies for resistance to the rust of wheat. “Mexico, D.F. CIMMYT(1988).

[29] Loladze, A., T. Druml, and C. Wellings. “Differential adaptation of Australian and New Zealand stripe rust  isolates to high temperature”. 12th int. cereal rust and powdery mildews. Antalya. Turkey. (13-16) October. Pp. 22(2009).

[30] Patrick, E.L. “Leaf rust of wheat, the Ohio state University Plant Pathology”. http://ohio line. Osu-edu/line/fact.html. (1996).

[31] Appelgryn,I.F, B. Visser and C. Viljoen. “ Early molecular events in the interaction between wheat and Puccinia triticina”. The 41th Annual Cong. Of Southern African Soc. for Plant Pathol. Bain’s Game Lodge, Bloemfontein, 19-22 Jan. (2003).

[32] Jacobs,T., F.P Van, and F.M Engels.“The ultra structure of the interface between susceptible, partially resistant spring wheat genotypes and wheat leaf rust”. MededelingenFacuulteit- Landbouwkundige-en-Toegepaste-Biologische-Wetenschappen. Vol. 58, pp. 1-9(1993).  

[33] Rubiales, D., M.C Ramirez, and R.E Niks. “Poor stoma recognition by rust fungi on some Hordeum chilense  genotypes”. Vortraege-fuer-P flanzenzuechtung. Vol. 24, pp. 26-27(1992).    

[34] Kolmer, J.A, 1996. “Genetics of resistance to wheat leaf rust”.  AGR Canada, Cereal Res. Ctr. Com/policy. htm. .http://wos.isitvial       

[35] AL-Azawi, E. “Epidemiological studied of wheat leaf rust and its effects on quantities and characters of  grains”, MSC thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture. (2005).       

[36] Bartos, P., A. Anzalova and V. lazkova. “Leaf rust resistance of winter wheat cultivars registered in the Czech Republic”. Acta Phytopathologica. Vol. 35, pp. 149-151(2000).

[37] De Vallavielle-pope, C., M. Leconte, M. Mboup, B. Bahri, J. Ali. 2009. “Adaptation of the clonal pathogen  Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici to temperature and resistance genes in North-West Europe  and Mediterranean area”.12th international cereal rust and powdery mildews. Antalya. Turkey. 13-16     October. 23p (2009).

[38] Tariq, A.H, S. Muhammad, A. Hussain, M. Ziaullah, H. Akhtar, and S. Siddiqi. “Identifying sources of resistance to wheat leaf rust under induced and natural conditions”. Ann. Wheat Newsl., Vol.49,   pp.79-  81(2002).

[39] Marasas, C., M. Smale, R. Singh, and P. Pingali. “The global economic impact of nonspecific leaf rust resistance in modern CIMMYT derived spring bread wheat” http: www cmmyt.org/research/wheat/index html (2001).

[40] Messmer, M., R. Seyfarth, M. Keller, G. Schachermayr, M. Winzeler, and B. Keller. “Genetic analysis  of  durable leaf rust resistance in winter wheat”. Theor. Appl. Genet. Vol. 100, pp. 419–431(2000).

[41] Roelfs, A.P and W.R Bushnell. “The Cereal Rusts, Diseases, Distribution, Epidemiology, and control” .Vol. II, Academic Press. New York. 730p (1985).

[42] Agrios, G.N.“Plant Pathology”, 5th edition Academic press. New York, 922p (2005).

Full Text