Extraction and Analysis of Tectonic Lineaments using Geoinformatic Techniques, in Tawke Oil Field, Duhok area, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

 Abdulla Amir Omar1 & Rebar Tahssen Ali

University of Salahaddin-College of Science- Department of Geology- Iraq-Kurdistan region-Arbil

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10468

Abstract

Geoinformatic techniques applied for tectonic lineament extraction and analysis in

Tawke Oil field, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Two satellite images have been used, which

were Landsat ETM+ and ASTER images to extract lineaments both visually and

automatically. It comprises several steps, which involve several enhancing techniques

e.g. Color Composite, Spectral Rationing and Principle Component Analysis. From

combination of all techniques, the final surface lineaments have been extracted. The final

lineament map has been divided in to two maps; local lineament map which was checked

in the field and regional lineament map which was confirmed by geophysical data

(seismic and gravity data). Local lineaments are evaluated in order to extract further

information on the spatial distribution and nature of the lineaments. For this purpose

lineament density, length, and lineaments intersection maps are prepared. In addition; the

field work was carried out to verify lineaments resulted from satellite images with the

observed fractures on the ground through visiting of 17 stations around the Tawke

anticline. Orientations of local lineaments (frequency and length) obtained from satellite

image were compared with the orientation of fractures (frequency and length) that

obtained from the field, using rose diagrams which show a similarities between them, as

being concentrated in NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W and N-S, as well as these Lineaments

reflect a set and systems of fractures with in studied outcrops. Two types of fractures are

recognized one are shear fractures and second are tension fractures. Stereographic

projection figured out for confirming the direction of fractures in the field and analyzing

the paleostress direction within studied area.

Geophysical data (gravity and seismic) have been used for confirming the

regional lineaments. Integration has been made between satellite image lineaments and

lineaments appeared in geophysical data (gravimetric and seismic lineaments) , there is a

coincidence both in the positions, length and azimuths of gravimetric lineaments, seismic

lineaments and lineaments appear on satellite image (i.e. surface lineaments). It has been

observed that two mechanisms are responsible for giving the architectural shape of study

area one is due to block-faulting related to basement faults activity from at least the

Middle Paleozoic and continued intermittently up to Late Tertiary, while the second

mechanism is due to compressive horizontal stress that have been active since Middle –

Late Cretaceous continued up to Late Tertiary.

Key Words:

Satellite-images,

Lineaments, seismic,

gravity, fractures.

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