jzs-10628

Acute toxicity of Pistacia atlantica green seeds on Sprague- Dawley rat model

Hiewa Othman Dyary1, Heshu Sulaiman Rahman123, Hemn Hassan Othman123, Snur Mohammad1, Amen Hassan, Rasedee Abdullah3

1 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Komar University of Science and Technology-Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Doi Link/ https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10628

Original: 25 Augest 2017, Revised: 10 October 2017, Accepted: 22 November 2017,  Published online: 20 December 2017

Abstarct

The acute toxic effect of the aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica green seeds was investigated in groups of Sprague-Dawley rats at oral doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight. After 14 days, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in behavior, food and water consumption, body weight gain, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters between untreated control and extract-treated rats. There were lesions in the liver and kidney indicating that aqueous P. atlantica seed extract causes some hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats.

Keywords: Pistacia atlantica, Acute toxicity, Animal model, Mount Atlas mastic tree

References:

[1]Bozorgi, M., et al., "Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A review of their traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology". The Scientific World Journal, Article ID 219815, 33 pages. (2013).

[2]Pourreza, M., J.D. Shaw, and H. Zangeneh, "Sustainability of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) in Zagros forests, Iran". Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 255, No. 11, pp. 3667-3671. (2008).

[3]Sincech, F., "Bedouin Traditional Medicine in the Syrian Steppe". Rome, Italy: FAO 149. (2002).

[4] Mosaddegh, M., et al., "Ethnobotanical survey of herbal remedies traditionally used in Kohghiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad province of Iran". Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 141, No. 1. pp. 80-95. (2012).

[5] Lev, E. and Z. Amar, "Ethnopharmacological survey of traditional drugs sold in the Kingdom of Jordan". Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 82. No. 2. pp. 131-145. (2002).

[6] Yousfi, M., et al., "Fatty acids and sterols of Pistacia atlantica fruit oil". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Vol. 79, No. 10, pp. 1049-1050. (2002).

[7] Mecherara-Idjeri, S., et al., "Composition and chemical variability of the essential oil from Pistacia lentiscus L. growing wild in Algeria part I: leaf oil". Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 32-38. (2008).

[8] Altundag, E. and M. Ozturk, "Ethnomedicinal studies on the plant resources of east Anatolia, Turkey". Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 19, pp. 756-777. (2011).

[9] Luna, L.G., "Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology". New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. (1968).

[10] Stevens, A., L. James, and B. Young, "Wheater’s Basic Pathology: A Colour Atlas and Text". Fourth ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone. (2002).

[11] FDA, "Toxicological Principles for the Safety Assessment of Food Ingredients, in [Food and Drug Administration]". FDA: Port Royal Road, pringfield, VA 22161, USA. (2007).

[12] OECD, "OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals: Acute Oral Toxicity – Acute Toxic Class Method". Guideline No. 423. (2001).

[13] Sellers, R.S., et al., "Society of Toxicologic Pathology position paper: organ weight recommendations for toxicology studies". Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 751-755. (2007).

[14] Bailey, S.A., R.H. Zidell, and R.W. Perry, "Relationships between organ weight and body/brain weight in the rat: what is the best analytical endpoint?" Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 448-466. (2004).

[15] Gribaldo, L., "Haematotoxicology: scientific basis and regulatory aspects". ATLA, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 111-113. (2002).

[16] Amacher, D.E., et al., "The relationship among microsomal enzyme induction, liver weight, and histological change in cynomolgus monkey toxicology studies". Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 528-537. (2006).

[17] Green, R.M. and S. Flamm, "AGA technical review on the evaluation of liver chemistry tests". Gastroenterology, Vol. 123, No. 4, pp. 1367-1384. (2002).

[18] Limdi, J. and G. Hyde, "Evaluation of abnormal liver function tests". Postgraduate Medical Journal, Vol. 79, No. 932, pp. 307-312. (2003).

[19] Henriksen, J.H., et al., "Dynamics of albumin in plasma and ascitic fluid in patients with cirrhosis". Journal of hepatology, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 53-60. (2001).

[20] Hansen, B.A. and H.E. Poulsen, "Changes in the hepatic capacity of urea-N synthesis, galactose elimination and antipyrine clearance following 70% hepatectomy in the rat". Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 233-237. (1986).

[21] Greaves, P., "Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity studies: Interpretation and Relevance in Drug

Safety Evaluation". 4th ed. London, UK: Academic Press. (2012).

View Full Text