Embedded Files
Self-Care Behaviors among Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients attending Diabetes and Endocrine Center in Sulaimani City – Iraq
Omar Hussein Shareef ¹*, Zhian Salah Ramzi¹ & Raza M Abdulla²
¹ College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
² College of commerce, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
* Corresponding Author E-mail: omar.shareef@univsul.edu.iq
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10862
Abstract
Type Two Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose, polyphagia, polydipsia, and poly-urea. It comes with several devastating complications, including macrovascular and microvascular complications. A patient's self-care behaviors can have a significant role in reducing complications and controlling blood glucose. The overall aim of this study is to assess the self-care behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes. In this descriptive study, data was collected from October 2020 to January 2021, by which 350 patients consented and were recruited in the study. Self-care scores were obtained by a self-care behavior assessment questionnaire, and patients' clinical parameters were assessed by HbA1c% and fasting blood glucose among the participants. SPSS software version 25.0 was used to determine the self-care behaviors among the patients concerning their socio-demographic characteristics, in which p ≤ 0.05 is considered significant and p > 0.05 is not significant. Generally, participants in this study are a poor self-care score which comprises 59.4% of the sample, and 33% have moderate self-care score meanwhile, only 6.1% have the acceptable level of self-care scores. Negative correlations were found between FBG, HbA1%c, and self-care behaviors. Finally, there are highly significant relationships between level of education, duration of diabetes, types of treatment, and self-care scores
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetes and self-care behavior, glycaemic control, complications of diabetes mellitus, Self-care management
References
[1] Harvard Health. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - What is it? Harvard Heal Publ [Internet]. 2018; Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/type-2-diabetes-mellitus-a-to-z
[2] Saad AMJ, Younes ZMH, Ahmed H, Brown JA, Al Owesie RM, Hassoun AAK. Self-efficacy, self-care and glycemic control in Saudi Arabian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional survey. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. 2018;137:28–36. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2017.12.014
[3] Who.int. 2021. Diabetes. [online] Available at: <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes>.
[4] Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. 2019;157:107843. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
[5] No Title. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/learnmorefeelbetter/programs/diabetes.htm
[6] Profession H. General practice management of type 2 diabetes 2014–15. 2014.
[7] van Puffelen A, Kasteleyn M, de Vries L, Rijken M, Heijmans M, Nijpels G, et al. Self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus over the course of illness: implications for tailoring support. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020;19(1):81–9.
[8] Adam L, O’Connor C, Garcia AC. Evaluating the Impact of Diabetes Self-Management Education Methods on Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Can J Diabetes [Internet]. 2018;42(5):470-477.e2. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.11.003
[9] Mulla L. Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors and Social Support among African Americans in San Francisco. ProQuest Diss Theses [Internet]. 2017;133. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1937511993?accountid=28931%0Ahttp://metaiskalnik.izum.si:80/sfxlcl41?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&genre=dissertations+%26+theses&sid=ProQ:ProQuest+Dissertations+%26+Theses+Global&ati
[10] Surucu HA, Kizilci S, Egor G. The Impacts of Diabetes Education on Self Care Agency, Self-Care Activities and HbA1c Levels of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study. Int J Caring Sci [Internet]. 2017;10(1):479–89. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=123010479&lang=pt-br&site=ehost-live
[11] More V, Johnson NA, Tzelepis F, Hall A, Paul C. Barriers to self-care and their association with poor adherence to self-care behaviours in people with type 2 diabetes in Ghana: A cross-sectional study. Obes Med [Internet]. 2020;18(March):100222. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100222
[12] Edwards LE. NC Diabetes Advisory Council ADA Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2021 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2021. 2021
[13] Powers MA, Bardsley J, Cypress M, Duker P, Funnell MM, Fischl AH, et al. Diabetes Self-management Education and Support in Type 2 Diabetes: A Joint Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Diabetes Educ. 2015;41(4):417–30.
[14] Benson G, Pereira RF, Boucher JL. Rationale for the use of a Mediterranean diet in diabetes management. Diabetes Spectr. 2011;24(1):36–40.
[15.] Care M. Standards of Medical Care in diabetes — 2020. 2020;43(January).
[16] Moosaie F, Firouzabadi FD, Abouhamzeh K, Esteghamati S, Meysamie A, Rabizadeh S, et al. Lp(a) and Apo-lipoproteins as predictors for micro-and macrovascular complications of diabetes: A case-cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis [Internet]. 2020;30(10):1723–31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.011
[17] Jutterström L, Hörnsten, Sandström H, Stenlund H, Isaksson U. Nurse-led patient-centered self-management support improves HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes—A randomized study. Patient Educ Couns [Internet]. 2016;99(11):1821–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.06.016
[18] Rawal LB, Tapp RJ, Williams ED, Chan C, Yasin S, Oldenburg B. Prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications in developing countries: A review. Int J Behav Med. 2012;19(2):121–33.
[19] Chrvala CA, Sherr D, Lipman RD. Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the effect on glycemic control. Patient Educ Couns [Internet]. 2016;99(6):926–43. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.11.003
[20] Bukhsh A, Khan TM, Nawaz MS, Ahmed HS, Chan KG, Lee LH, et al. Association of diabetes-related self-care activities with glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes in Pakistan. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;12:2377–85.
[21] Jansen T, Rademakers J, Waverijn G, Verheij R, Osborne R, Heijmans M. The role of health literacy in explaining the association between educational attainment and the use of out-of-hours primary care services in chronically ill people: A survey study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):1–13.
[22] Masoompour M, Tirgari B, Ghazanfari Z. The relationship between health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in diabetic patients. Evid Based Care J. 2017;7(3):17–25.
[23] Dehghan H, Charkazi A, Kouchaki GM, Zadeh BP, Dehghan BA, Matlabi M, et al. General self-efficacy and diabetes management self-efficacy of diabetic patients referred to diabetes clinic of Aq Qala, North of Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2017;16(1):10–4.
Page updated
Report abuse